According to historical records, the sale of official positions has been around for 2,000 years in the history of our country. When the pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info Qin Shi Huang, there was a record of a thousand stones, and the first level of worship. The Han attacked the Qin system and continued to pay homage. In the later generations of the Han Dynasty, the matter of selling officials and lords is also endlessly in the history books. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, although the successive dynasties had an edict to stop donating, it continued until the fall of the Qing Dynasty, and the sale of officials did not really stop in fact, which was consistent with the survival of the Qing Dynasty.

Several emperors in the late Qing Dynasty, all of whom were called poor, marked the prices of state officials and sold them on sale. Since the government openly sells official positions, official positions have naturally become commodities, and officialdom has become a kind of big market where prices can be clearly marked.

To a certain extent, the transaction of money and official position can be regarded as a special kind of transaction, in which both the buyer and the seller have a dual identity: in this transaction, the buyer also has the identity of the seller, and the seller also has the identity of the buyer. The buyer buys the official with money, and has the basis of seeking profit from the capital, he may be corrupt and corrupt in the subsequent office, and he will make a lot of profits; The seller sold the standards that the government requires officials to be officials who serve the state, the rules that officials should abide by, the obligations that officials should undertake, and the political conscience and loyalty of officials. Since Qianli is an official only for money, after the buyer closes the deal, although he can make enough money after taking office, he will find the government and the emperor for other things, and the master will not be able to manage so much. The government, as the seller, has temporarily received money in exchange for a temporary alleviation of the financial crisis, but it has also formed a corrupt and hopeless bureaucracy, which is determined by the interests and nature of both the seller and the buyer. While the government sells its official position, it also sells off the dignity of the government, the integrity of officialdom, and the responsibilities and obligations that officials should abide by. The court also knew this situation, but it was unwilling to stop.

In the twenty-ninth year of Daoguang (1849), Emperor Daoguang expressed his worries when he summoned the official Zhang Jixin: "The most worrying thing I am about donating classes is donating classes, they never study, and they will seek profit. Zhang Jixin asked if the donation class was not good, why was it allowed to donate? Emperor Daoguang clapped his hands and sighed and said: "Helplessly, there is nothing to come up with, and the ministers have been approved, how can they tell him not to go when he asks for training, isn't it a lie?" ”

In the late Qing Dynasty, internal and external troubles and the country's strength were weakening, and the country's finances were indeed very difficult. In order to open up financial resources, the trend of donations with the content of selling official titles has been widespread, and this is a serious decline in the government's moral and political wisdom. The result of selling and buying official positions not only caused the country's name to be disrespectful and the career of the Qing Dynasty was congested, but also led to a serious decline in the quality of officials in the Qing Dynasty, the increasingly corrupt administration of officials, and the gradual loss of popular support.

"In the past ten years, there have been many donations and bad officials, bad things and bad things, and things have changed, and there have been many donations, and it is the way to attract chaos." Empress Dowager Cixi said, "This was originally a matter of drinking water to quench thirst, at first it was to assess the rebel twist thief, and there were foreigners who were troubled, so they had to make a wide range of donations, and now they are friendly with foreigners, and the country has calmed down the chaos, and must not go down this road again, if it goes on like this, no matter how much Jingcha plans are empty talk!" ”

According to the records of the Qing Dynasty, Jiang Yuanru, a native of Shanyin County, Zhejiang, saw that the officialdom was profitable, and if he bought the official position of the magistrate, he could earn a few thousand taels of silver every year, and as much as 100,000 taels. But he couldn't come up with so much capital for a while, so he came up with a way to raise funds with 4 other people to donate. Jiang Yuanru contributed the most capital to serve as the county magistrate, and the other four people served as the criminal master, the money and grain master, or the housekeeper who ran errands and guarded the door, and the stolen money was divided according to the amount of funds raised. As a result, the five people worked together, up and down, and bent the law for bribes, and the annual income was as high as more than 200,000 taels of silver. Three years later, although Jiang Yuanru and others were dismissed for corruption, all five of them got their wishes, and they were full of corruption and returned with a full load.

"Yes," Gao Xinkui only analyzed the actual situation, but he didn't expect the Queen Mother to be so intense, it should have been a lot of constraints in the military aircraft department, and sure enough, the Queen Mother continued to say indignantly, "The military aircraft department is naturally the shopkeeper, knowing that firewood, rice, oil and salt are very expensive, and this big profit is not willing to throw away, but after all, everything can't be looked at money, if buying and selling officials has become the main way to enter the office, then wouldn't it be up to who has money to be a Taoist, a governor, and a military aircraft in the future?" "The Queen Mother thought of the appearance of the rich man of the lighthouse country ordering the White House in the future, and felt that it was a lesson from the past, well, it was a lesson from the future, and it was necessary to be vigilant, of course, it is not to this point now," although the Military Aircraft Department reluctantly responded, but what should I do, it is still a question, what do you mean, I will ask first. ”

"What does the Queen Mother mean?"

"The Military Aircraft Department must issue an edict to cancel the donation, and pursue the identity of the alternate official who has paid the donation since the first year of Xianfeng, hehe," the Queen Mother sneered, "This is to roast me on the fire." (To be continued.) )