One of the guardians of the Demon Hero, Hu Shi

Hu Shi (1891-1962), formerly known as Si Sui, line name Hong Lu, the word Xijiang, later changed his name to Shi, the word Shizhi, pen names Tianfeng, Zanghui, etc., a native of Shangzhuang Village, Jixi, Anhui Province, became one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement because of his advocacy of the literary revolution, and served as the president of National Peking University, the dean of Academia Sinica, and the ambassador of the Republic of China to the United States.

Hu Shi has a wide range of interests and rich writings, and has conducted in-depth research in many fields such as literature, philosophy, history, evidence, education, ethics, and red studies. He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1939.

In 1910 (at the age of 19), he was admitted to the second phase of the Gengzi Indemnity and went to the United States to study, first in agriculture at Cornell University, and then changed to liberal arts, and in 1914 he went to Columbia University to study philosophy, studying with the philosophers John and Dewey.

In 1917 (at the age of 26), Xia returned to China and served as a professor at Peking University.

Successes: Professor of Peking University in 1917 (age 26), Acting Provost of Peking University in 1919 (age 28), Provost of Peking University in 1922 (age 31), President of China Public School from April 1928 to 1933, Dean of the Faculty of Arts of Peking University in 1932 (age 41), Professor and Director of Fu Jen Catholic University, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of China to the United States in 1938 (age 47), Honorary Advisor to the Oriental Department of the Library of Congress, President of Peking University in 1946 (age 55), He was an academician of Academia Sinica, director of the Gested East Asian Library at Princeton University, and president of the Academia Sinica of the Republic of China in 1957 (aged 66).

Hu Shi was also a pioneer of Chinese liberalism.

Hu Shih was deeply influenced by Huxley and Dewey, claiming that Huxley taught him how to doubt. Mr. Dewey taught him how to think. Therefore, Hu Shi preached liberalism and skepticism all his life, and used the monthly magazine "New Youth" as a position to propagate democracy and science. He has been advocating "bold assumptions, careful verification" and "words must be signed".

He was born on December 17, 1891 in Chuansha County, Jiangsu Province (now Pudong New Area, Shanghai).

In 1893, he went to Taiwan with his mother, and his father Hu Chuan's office.

When the Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1895, he left Taiwan with his mother and returned to Shanghai, and then returned to his ancestral hometown of Jixi Shangzhuang in Anhui Province to study at the family school.

In 1904, he was engaged to Jiang Dongxiu, and went to Shanghai from the third brother and entered Meixi School. In 1905, he entered the Chengxin School.

In 1906, he was admitted to the Chinese Public School. In 1908, he entered the New Public School in China. He is also an English teacher. He studied in the United States in 1910. Enrolled in Cornell University to study agriculture. In 1915, he entered the Department of Philosophy at Columbia University, where he studied under John Dewey.

In 1917, he published "Discussion on Literary Improvement" in the "New Youth". In the same year, he passed the final examination for the doctorate in philosophy and returned to China as a professor at Peking University. Participated in the editing of "New Youth". Returned to Anhui Jixi to marry Jiang Dongxiu.

In 1919, he took over the Weekly Review. He published "Study More Problems, Talk Less About Doctrines" and advocated reformism. Provoke a "debate between issues and doctrines".

In 1920, he left the New Youth and lectured at the summer school of Nanjing Higher Normal School (now Nanjing University).

In 1922, he served as provost and acting dean of liberal arts at National Peking University, and founded Endeavor Weekly. In the second issue of "Endeavor Weekly" (May 14), he jointly published "Our Political Proposition" with Cai Yuanpei, Li Dajiao, Tao Xingzhi, Liang Shuming, etc.

In 1924, he founded the weekly "Modern Review" with Chen Xiyang and Wang Shijie. In 1925, he participated in the Beijing Aftermath Conference and participated in the drafting of some conference documents.

In 1926, he and his mentor Guo Bingwen and others initiated the establishment of the China Institute in the United States. From 1926 to 1927, he traveled to Britain, France, the United States, and Japan.

In 1927, he received his Ph.D. from Columbia University. Established Crescent Moon Bookstore with Xu Zhimo and other organizations. In 1927, he met Chiang Kai-shek at the wedding of Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Meiling in Shanghai.

In 1928, he founded the monthly magazine "New Moon". He served as the principal of the Chinese Public School.

In 1929, he published an article entitled "Human Rights and the Law" in the magazine "New Moon", marking the beginning of the "Human Rights Movement", followed by "When Can We Have a Constitution: Questions about the Founding Outline", "Knowing the Difficulty, Doing It Is Not Easy: A Commentary on Dr. Sun Yat-sen's "Easy to Do and Difficult to Know", and "The New Culture Movement and the Kuomintang".

In January 1930, Hu Shi, Luo Longji, and Liang Shiqiu's articles on human rights issues were collected and published in the "Collected Essays on Human Rights" and submitted to the Crescent Bookstore, which was later banned by the Kuomintang government.

In "That Way We Walk", he proposes that "it is to be eliminated that the five enemies of poverty, disease, ignorance, corruption, and disturbance should be eliminated."

In 1932, he served as the dean of the Faculty of Arts and the head of the Department of Chinese Literature at National Peking University, and invited Jiang Tinghuang, Ding Wenjiang, Fu Sinian, and Weng Wenhao to found the Independent Review, for which Hu Shi wrote a total of 1,309 articles.

He arrived in Hong Kong in 1935 and stayed for five days, mainly receiving an honorary doctorate of laws from the University of Hong Kong.

After the 77 Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, Chiang Kai-shek asked Hu Shih to go to the United States on August 19 to seek support from the United States for China.

In 1938, he was appointed ambassador of the Republic of China to the United States. In 1942, he resigned as ambassador to the United States and lived in New York, where he engaged in academic research.

In 1943, he was appointed Honorary Advisor to the Oriental Division of the Library of Congress. He lectured at Harvard University in 1944.

In 1945, he was the representative of the delegation of the Government of the Republic of China to the United Nations Constituent Assembly in San Francisco, and as the chief representative of the delegation of the Government of the Republic of China, he attended the UNESCO Conference in London to formulate the charter of the organization.

In July 1946, he returned to Peking and served as the president of National Peking University.

In 1948, when the People's Liberation Army soldiers came to the city of Beiping, they used a radio broadcast to call on Hu Shi to stay and continue to serve as the president of Peking University.

In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek sent Chiang Ching-kuo to Shanghai to visit Hu Shih. In April, he went to the United States and published "No Freedom Under Rule: An Open Letter from Chen Yuan to Hu Shi", and when he was in the United States, he met Zhang Ailing and formed a friendship;

In 1950, he was hired as the director of the East Asian Library at Princeton University.

In 1955, when Chinese mainland launched a campaign to criticize Hu Shih, Sanlian Bookstore published and distributed the "Compilation of Critical Essays on Hu Shih's Thought".

The cause of the criticism of Hu Shih's movement, according to Geng Yunzhi, is: "I think this sentence is the most ungentlemanly sentence he said in his life, he (Hu Shi) said that according to Chairman Mao's level at that time, he could not pass the entrance examination to Peking University, I estimate that this word may reach Chairman Mao's ears, so Chairman Mao very decisively launched a nationwide campaign to thoroughly criticize Hu Shih." 」

In 1957, he was appointed president of Academia Sinica. In 1959, he also served as Chairman of the National Committee for Long-Term Scientific Development. In 1960, Lei Zhen, the head of the magazine "Free China", was arrested, and Hu Shi was once arrested.

In 1962, he died of sudden onset of heart disease in Nangang Town, Taipei County (now Nangang District, Taipei City).

During his studies at Columbia University in the United States, Hu Shih studied under John Dewey, and taught him the philosophy of pragmatism (Dewey-style pragmatism, Hu Shih's self-translated experimentalism).

Peking University students have always been picky about teachers, and Gu Weigang, a student at Peking University, introduced Fu Sinian to Hu Shi's class to decide whether to expel the new international student from the philosophy department of Peking University. (To be continued......)