Nietzsche's first book, The Birth of Tragedy: The Soul of Music, differs from the Enlightenment tradition of the idea that ancient Greek civilization was noble, simple, elegant, and grandiose, and Nietzsche described ancient Greek civilization as a constant struggle between two distinct factions, the Apollonists and the Dionysus.

Apollo belonged to Nietzsche (individualism in principle), and with his grace, calmness, and attention to physical beauty, the human race was able to immediately separate itself from the simple natural world.

Dionysus represents drunkenness, irrationality, and inhumanity, and Nietzsche shows here that he was influenced by Schopenhauer's notion that the irrational element dominates human creativity.

Describes how the Apollonians dominated the thinking of Western civilization after Socrates, and proposes German Romanticism (especially represented by Richard and Wagner) as a possible way to revive Dionysus in order to save European culture.

When The Birth of Tragedy was first published, it was fiercely criticized by classical philologists and others. By 1886, Nietzsche also had reservations about the book, calling it "an unbearable book... It's badly written, dull, embarrassing, crazy. 」

Breaking away from the traditional view that knowledge is an end in itself, Nietzsche proposes an alternative way of interpreting history, arguing that living human life is the primary concern, and describing how such a concept can improve the health of a society.

Presents a set of critiques of the principles of classical humanism. While criticizing historicism (the idea that human beings were created through history), Nietzsche also criticized the idea that human beings can understand human beings themselves with objective concepts. Because man lives in the world purely because he is driven by his subjectivity.

Discuss the possibility of reviving German culture with Schopenhauer's philosophical ideas. In particular, Nietzsche pointed out the individualism, integrity, steadfastness, and happiness in Schopenhauer's thought, although Schopenhauer also had obvious pessimism.

After studying the psychological conditions of Richard and Wagner, he originally came to a more negative conclusion, which did not reflect the deep friendship between him and Wagner at that time, so Nietzsche did not publish it at first, and later revised it into a more positive evaluation. Nonetheless, this paper foreshadows the future conflict and division between Nietzsche and Wagner.

"Human, Too Human" begins to show a tendency towards complete positivism.

The style of writing is that it rarely proposes a constructive philosophical system, and these works are compiled from hundreds of aphorisms, sometimes just one sentence. Sometimes it's as long as one or two pages.

The main thing is to expose many false assumptions. Rather than proposing an explanation for these assumptions, Nietzsche also used some of his ideas in many of his arguments: using positivism as well as the notion of the will to power as a means of explaining the problem, although the concept of the will to power had not yet matured at this time.

In Dawn: Reflections on Moral Prejudices, Nietzsche reduces the importance of hedonism in driving human behavior and instead emphasizes the role of "feelings of power."

The relativist view is both moral and cultural. Criticism of Christianity has matured by this time. Nietzsche's aphorisms in this book are clear, sober, and consistent in style. Nietzsche's book seems to be presented to the reader with a unique experience. Rather than trying to convince the reader to accept any point of view.

The Science of Pleasure is one of its largest and most complete books, and Nietzsche continues to write in the style of aphorisms, which also contains a large number of verses. More than all the others.

The theme is to celebrate the joy of life and bring the pleasures of aesthetics to life in a light-hearted philosophical style (the title of the book is a dialect of French Provence – representing the art of poetry).

The theory of eternal reincarnation is given as an example, and the purely one's life is used to consider what kind of action a person should take.

Unlike the Christian tradition, which advocates life after death, in which one can sacrifice one's current carnal desires in exchange for long-term peace and joy of the mind, one of the concepts of religious tradition is an attempt to replace naturalism and aesthetics.

Thus Said Zarathustra: A Book for All and Not for Anyone, Nietzsche's most well-known and important work.

The format of the writing is unique, using a style of philosophical fiction, similar to that of the New Testament and Platonic dialogues, but also quite similar to the tone of pre-Socratic philosophical works, often using natural phenomena as a rhetorical and storytelling device.

Various traditions of Western literature and philosophy are frequently mentioned, explained, and discussed. Using the character of Zarathustra (the founding prophet of Zoroastrianism) as a medium, he traveled around giving philosophical lectures, describing his journey and the reactions of various audiences to his philosophy.

The reaction of these listeners (as in any other educational novel) can be seen as a commentary on the philosophy of Zarathustra (and even Nietzsche himself).

These features, combined with the ambiguity and contradictory nature of the book's arguments, eventually made the book popular with the general public, but also made it quite difficult for the academic community to analyze (perhaps this was Nietzsche's original intention), and the book was not taken seriously by scholars in the philosophical community (especially in the analytic tradition of English-speaking countries) until the second half of the 20th century, when there was widespread interest in the book and Nietzsche's unique style of writing hybrid fiction and philosophy.

Nietzsche formally proposed the theory of eternal reincarnation in this book, and used the word "superman" for the first time, and Nietzsche used the theory of superman in all subsequent works.

Nietzsche defines the conditions that true philosophy should have: imagination, self-assertion, danger, creativity, and "value creation"—other conditions that he considers to be incidental.

It questions important assumptions of the philosophical tradition, such as the concepts of "self-awareness", "knowledge", "truth", and "free will" commonly used by many philosophical schools.

Criticizing these traditional notions is not well documented, and instead proposing thewilltopower to explain human behavior. In the book, Nietzsche put forward his "view of life" and believed that it was "beyond good and evil", denying the existence of a universal morality in the human world.

In the well-known master-slave morality, Nietzsche re-evaluates the humanist tradition that has long dominated Western philosophy, arguing that even domination, possession, or even harm to the weak is not necessarily something that anyone is qualified to criticize.

In this book, Nietzsche carries out the arguments of moral relativism and viewpointism.

Focusing on the development and tradition of moral concepts, Genealogy of Morals attempts to show that there is no moral basis for the original origins of contemporary morality, and that brutal power struggles are the main role in shaping morality.

Compared with other works, this book is more philosophical in terms of form and tone, and thus this book has become the main source of philosophical analysis of Nietzsche's thought.

The Wagner Affair: A Musician's Problem acknowledges Wagner's work as an outstanding musical achievement. But he criticized it as nothing more than a product of cultural decline and nihilism. Therefore, it only symbolizes weakness and incompetence.

This book shows that Nietzsche was also a very sharp music critic, and it also laid the foundation for his later reflections on the nature of art and the role of art in the future of mankind.

The controversial book "Idol Twilight: How to Philosophize with a Mallet" is "Twilight of the Gods", the fourth in the ring of Wagner's opera of the same name, Nibelungen.

Criticisms of many major philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Kant, and other Christian philosophers) are represented and summarized.

In the chapter "Socratic Problem" it is pointed out that no one can calculate the value of life, and anyone who tries to calculate the value of human life has only proved that he has a tendency to deny or affirm life.

Thinks that all philosophical developments after Socrates are "degenerate". Because the philosophers tried to use dialectics as a tool to justify themselves. And the authority of traditional thought has been destroyed.

He also criticized the German culture at that time as rather naïve and naïve. He also criticized many major French, British, and Italian cultural representatives.

On the other side of these representatives of degenerate culture are Nietzsche's references to Caesar, Napoleon, Goethe, Dustoevsky, Thucydides, and the sophists of the ancient Greeks, the latter of whom Nietzsche considered to be much healthier and stronger.

The book concludes by telling readers that they are engaged in an important project to re-evaluate all human values. And it is mentioned that the civilization achievements of ancient Rome are much higher in Nietzsche's view than in ancient Greece.

Antichrist: The Curse of Christianity launched a polemical critique of Christian morality, and the image of Nietzsche as an anti-Christian zealot was largely derived from this book.

In a satirical style, he expresses his disgust and hatred for the slave morality in Christian ethics that corrupted the noble ancient Roman morality.

Cite elements of Christianity, such as the Gospels, Paul, the martyrs, the priests, and the Crusaders, as resentment in slave morality, and that Christianity seeks to promote weakness and unhealthiness at the expense of stronger morals. Propose an "anti-Christ" morality to transform the future: re-evaluate all values.

"Look! This Man" is an autobiography with a very unique style, and some chapters are even titled "Why am I so wise", "Why am I so smart", "Why I write such a good book".

The autobiography is mainly about the development of Nietzsche's philosophical thought, not about Nietzsche's personal life.

The book highlights Nietzsche's plans to study various philosophical traditions, but less on his theory of the split between philosophy and literature, and the conflict between philosophy and personal traits, the body and the mind.

He tries to relate many of his philosophical ideas to his physical appearance, and occasionally deliberately describes himself with extreme modest comments, even in a half-joking or self-flattering style (which is also a satire of Socratic modesty).

After describing himself, Nietzsche declared that all the virtues of the world were already present to him (including his father's early death and his extraordinary ability to see the odds of his obedience), and he briefly commented on all his own works.

The last chapter, entitled "Why I Am a Destiny," concludes Nietzsche by telling the reader that "eternal reincarnation" and "the re-evaluation of all values" are at the center of his philosophical research.

"Nietzsche Against Wagner: From the Archives of a Psychologist" writes a commentary on Wagner and his music. These documents illustrate the aesthetic differences between Nietzsche and Wagner, and account how Wagner's music was gradually corrupted by Christianity, Aryan racism, and anti-Semitism.

Over the years, Nietzsche wrote a large number of manuscripts and notes, especially about the development of his philosophical thought. After Nietzsche's death, Nietzsche's sister Elisabeth became the rightful heir to these archives, which she compiled and published under the title The Will to Power.

Later research found that Elisabeth had many tricks with the book, including extremely selective selection of manuscripts and arbitrary changes in the order of paragraphs, so the current mainstream academic community believes that the book compiled by Elizabeth is a revisionist falsified version, and that she is just using her brother's work as a medium to carry her own political views, and Nietzsche has always been extremely disgusted with this kind of tampering of his manuscript during his lifetime. (To be continued......)