Chapter 47: The Tang Dynasty finally collapsed

The general trend of the world, divided for a long time, will be divided for a long time, as the so-called "things must be reversed, prosperous and anti-decline", this is the principle of heaven and earth, even if it is as strong as the Tang Dynasty.

In the later period of the reign of Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty, he was tyrannical and unreasonable. The peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty. In May of the thirteenth year of the Great Cause (617), Li Yuan, the Duke of Tang and the Duke of Taiyuan, raised troops in Jinyang, occupied Chang'an in November, and established Yang Yu, the grandson of Emperor Yang of Sui, as the emperor, and changed Yuan Yining, that is, Emperor Gong of Sui. Li Yuan served as the prime minister and became the king of Tang. In March of the second year of Yining (618), Emperor Yang of Sui was hanged to death by his minister Yu Wenhua in Jiangdu. This is just a record of mortals, in fact, Li Yuan has been supported by the Buddhist forces of Zen Buddhism, and he has inherited the luck of heaven and earth to change the dynasty, and has the air of an emperor, so he has the strength to sweep away the heroes and dominate the world.

In May of the same year, Li Yuan usurped Sui and proclaimed himself emperor, named the country Tang, abolished Yang Yu as the Duke of Xiguo, lived in Chang'an, and was killed in May of the following year. The Sui Dynasty fell, and the country was established for a total of 38 years. Li Yuan is Tang Gaozu. Changed the Yuan Wude, and the capital was still set in Chang'an. Then, the eldest son Li Jiancheng was named the crown prince, the second son Li Shimin was the king of Qin, the third son Li Xuanba died early, and the fourth son Li Yuanji was the king of Qi. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan sent Li Shimin to conquer the Quartet and exterminate the heroes of all parties. However, during his reign, Li Yuan killed many former ministers and surrendered opponents, and in addition to the Central Plains forces, with the help of foreign forces in the grasslands, these barbarians killed a large number of Li people during the Central Plains campaign, so they damaged their own luck and that of the Tang Dynasty, and were destined to be invaded by foreign tribes in the future.

On the fourth day of the sixth month of the ninth year of Wude, Li Shimin, who had made meritorious contributions to the Quartet, moved the Xuanwumen Rebellion, and Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji were killed. Li Yuan abdicated for the emperor. Li Shimin ascended the throne, Li Shimin was Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and the following year he was changed to Yuan Zhenguan (627-649).

During the Taizong period, the Mongolian Plateau, which was dominated by the Turks, was included as a sphere of influence, and the ethnic groups in the north of the Tang Dynasty called Li Shimin the Heavenly Khan. In terms of internal affairs, he inherited the prime minister's system, perfected and established the system of selecting scholars in the three provinces and six ministries and the imperial examination used in later generations, and implemented the system of equalizing fields and implementing the regulation of rents and mediocrities. For example, Wei Zheng, a shogunate built by the former prince, after Taizong ascended the throne, he ignored his previous suspicions, and he also obeyed Wei Zheng's persuasion in everything. During this period, the social order was stable and the economy was prosperous, and it was historically called the "rule of Zhenguan". A summary of his political achievements, "Zhenguan Dignitaries", became the imperial textbook of Japan and Korea, and was also the object of imitation study for later monarchs.

In the later years of Tang Taizong, he was troubled by the problem of the crown prince, and the prince Li Chengqian and the king of Wei Li Tai fought among themselves, but Taizong abolished the two of them, and finally appointed the ninth son, Li Zhi, the king of Jin, who was benevolent but incompetent, as the crown prince. In 753, Jianzhen and Yuncang crossed east to Japan and opened up overseas businesses.

After the death of Tang Taizong, Li Zhi ascended the throne for Tang Gaozong. During the reign of Gojong, he accepted Silla's invitation and finally destroyed Goguryeo and Baekje and defeated Japanese reinforcements. Unification of Silla on the Korean Peninsula. In the later years of Taizong, Tang Gaozong had a personal relationship with Tang Taizong's talented Wu family, that is, Wu Zetian, which was a great unfilial piety. After the death of Taizong, Wu entered the Ganye Temple as a nun. When Gaozong's queen and Concubine Xiao Shufei fought inwardly, Queen Wang took the initiative to allow Gaozong to take the Wu family back to the palace in order to compete with Concubine Xiao Shu. After the Wu family entered the palace, he successively made Gaozong abolish Queen Wang and Concubine Xiao Shu. Under the opposition of the ministers, Gojong established the Wu clan as empress.

Gojong was not in good health, and many political affairs were handed over to the Empress Wu clan to handle. Soon after Gaozong's death, Empress Wu made the crown prince Li Xian emperor for Tang Zhongzong. Soon he abolished Zhongzong as the king of Luling, and set up another son, Li Dan, as the emperor, for Tang Ruizong. After quelling the rebellion led by Xu Jingye, in the first year of Tianzhu (69o), Empress Wu abolished Ruizong and claimed the title of emperor, changed the country name "Tang" to "Zhou", and set the capital Luoyang, called the Holy Spirit Emperor. Empress Wu also became the only woman in the history of the Chinese dynasty who claimed to be the emperor, and she was in power for more than 5o years.

During the fifteen-year reign of Wu Zhou, in order to combat the power of the family since Gaozong, Empress Wu vigorously promoted officials who had entered the career with the imperial examination. Di Renjie is one of the representatives. She also arranged for her nephews, Wu Sansi and Wu Chengsi, to serve as important machine attendants.

In the first year of Shenlong (7o5), Jing Hui and Prime Minister Zhang Khan Zhi and others staged a coup d'état, supported the restoration of Zhongzong Li Xian, and restored the power of the Tang Dynasty. Li Dan was made the prime minister. Zhongzong has been under the influence of Empress Wei, his daughter Princess Anle, and Empress Wu's old henchman Wu Sansi and others, and Zhang Cambodia and Jinghui have all been exiled or killed. Empress Wei intended to become the second empress of martial arts, and Princess An Le had asked to be made the empress dowager. In the fourth year of Jinglong (71o), Empress Wei and Princess An Le conspired to poison Zhongzong, and Empress Wei established Li Chongmao, the king of Wen, as the emperor, for the young emperor, and wanted to harm the prime minister Li Dan. Li Dan's son, Li Longji, who was the king of Linzi at the time, carried out a coup d'état with the assistance of his aunt, Princess Taiping, and killed Empress Wei, Princess Anle and the remnants of the Wu clan, and supported Li Dan to restore the throne.

Later, Ruizong's sister Princess Taiping and Li Longji had a power struggle. In the first year of Yanhe (712), Ruizong gave way to the crown prince Li Longji, who was Xuanzong of Tang, also known as Emperor Ming of Tang. In 713, Tang Xuanzong gave Princess Taiping to death, and his henchmen were either killed or expelled, ending this chaotic political situation known as the "Rebellion of Empress Wei". In the same year, it was changed to the Yuan Kaiyuan. Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reigned for 44 years, and the government was relatively clear in the early period (Kaiyuan period), the economy developed rapidly, and the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was known as the "Kaiyuan Dynasty" in history. This period is considered to be the second heyday in Chinese history after the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The city of Chang'an became the largest city in the world at the time.

After Tang Xuanzong changed the Yuan Tianbao, he was complacent and determined to indulge in pleasures, and never asked about state affairs. After Nayang Yuhuan became a concubine, she became even more addicted to wine. Tang Xuanzong appointed Li Linfu, who was notorious as the prime minister for 18 years, which made the government corrupt. After Li Linfu's death, Yang Guozhong was the prime minister, and during this period, the situation of eunuchs interfering in politics began to appear, and Gao Lishi's power was hot. Tang Xuanzong was very happy about his achievements, and for this reason, the border generals often provoked wars against foreign races to invite war exploits. At that time, the military system was changed from the government military system to the recruitment system, which combined the jiedu envoys with the soldiers in the military towns, and there was a situation of border generals specializing in the army. Among them, Hu people An Lushan is the most famous. An Lushan mastered a heavy army, and in November of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), he took advantage of the Tang Dynasty's political emptiness and Shi Siming to rebel, which was known as the "Anshi Rebellion". Tang Xuanzong fled to Chengdu, and the crown prince Li Heng was proclaimed emperor in Lingwu, which was for Tang Suzong, and Xuanzong was the emperor. An Lushan proclaimed himself Emperor Dayan, and his year name was Shengwu. It took eight years for the rebellion to be put down.

The vitality of the Tang Dynasty was greatly damaged, and since then it has turned from prosperity to decline. At this time, the equalization system had gradually collapsed, the phenomenon of land annexation was becoming more and more strict, and the regulation of rent and yong could not be implemented. The shape of the feudal town has been formed.

During the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yan reformed the salt law and improved the country's financial situation, and Tang Dezong appointed Yang Yan as the prime minister, and began to implement the two tax laws in the first year of Jianzhong (78o), and the tax was levied according to the land in summer and autumn in a year. Tang Dezong also tried to pacify the domain, but caused Zhu Tao, Li Xilie, and Zhu Zhu to rebel. As a result, it is difficult to be born in heaven. The war lasted for five years, and although Zhu and Li Xilie were defeated, the Tang Dynasty compromised with the rest of the feudal towns on the condition that the royal title be abolished and the imperial court recognized their local rule. Since then, the situation of separatism has been further deepened. These wars produced a large number of refugees, and Yun Canghai took the opportunity to send a large number of ships to bring them to Japan, and the ethnic integration between the two places was further deepened.

Since then, the Tang Dynasty has had external troubles such as Tubo, Huifu, and Nanzhao, and there are eunuchs in power, and the power of the forbidden army and even the abolition of the emperor are decided by the eunuchs. Jiedu has independent management power over the local government. After the death of Tang Dezong, he went through the transitional stage of Shunzong, and then Tang Xianzong, who was supported by eunuchs by Yongzhen Neizen, ascended the throne, relying on the strength of the forbidden army to make all the feudal towns in the country at least nominally subordinate to the Tang Dynasty, known as "Yuan and Zhongxing" in history.

In the last years of Xianzong, the partisan rivalry between the ministers of Niu Shengyu and Li Deyu also intensified, making the eunuchs more powerful. The Niu Party and the Li Party were in power one after another, and the history is known as the "Niu Li Party Dispute".

In the ninth year of Taihe (835), Tang Wenzong and Li Xun and Zheng Zhu and others moved the manna change, and conspired to kill the eunuchs and failed. After the Manna Change, the eunuchs were united, and the ministers could only use the troops of the feudal towns to oppose the power of the eunuchs, burying the direct conflict between the feudal towns and the eunuchs during the Tang Dynasty.

After Wenzong's death, Tang Wuzong succeeded to the throne and Jianyuan Huichang. Wu Zong succeeded to the throne after a factional struggle under the support of the eunuch Qiu Shiliang. Because Qiu Shiliang, the eunuch who supported Wuzong, had no choice but to personally handle the government affairs for Wuzong in view of the many factions in the imperial court, Wuzong reused Li Deyu, the leader of the Li Party, to reduce Qiu Shiliang's power. Wuzong's series of achievements in revitalizing the imperial court are known as Huichang Zhongxing in history. Wuzong attached great importance to Taoism and forbade Buddhism and Nestorianism other than Taoism. Therefore, in the history of Buddhism, he is listed as one of the monarchs with the title of martial arts to destroy the Buddha. It is also known as Huichang to destroy the Buddha. Yun Canghai and Jianzhen had already calculated this result, so they instructed Daming Temple to donate a large amount of land and gold and silver to the imperial court (the amount of incense and donations received over the years was quite large), and sent an elder to sneak into the palace late at night, and asked Wu Zong to ask for a dream, saying that the monks had no intention of participating in the trivial matters of Hongchen, but only wanted to practice with peace of mind, and showed two bottles of elixir, one bottle can enhance essence, one bottle can remove toxins, and all poisons will not invade, as a reward, I only ask Wu Zong not to embarrass the world's Buddhism.

After Wu Zong woke up, he saw the two bottles of pills on the bedside, and he was scared into a cold sweat, and secretly thought: If these monks enter and leave the palace if there is nothing, then it is not easy to assassinate me? Therefore, the destruction of the Buddha did not dare to go too far, and the loss of the Buddha was reduced to a minimum.

After the death of Tang Wuzong, Tang Xuanzong succeeded to the throne with the assistance of eunuchs. Before ascending the throne, Xuanzong was ostensibly a monarch who was easily used by eunuchs. But after he ascended the throne, he worked hard. Due to the support of Buddhism with Daming Temple as the foundation, Tang Wuzong's policy of banning Buddhism was changed and Buddhism was respected again.

After Xuanzong, Tang Yizong and Tang Xizong were famous incompetent monarchs, which made the Tang Dynasty's national power go downhill. In the late Tang Dynasty, wars continued, economic and political decline, and the peasant war broke out at the end of the Tang Dynasty in the thirteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (859). After the Huangchao Uprising, the foundation of the Tang Dynasty was broken. And the forbidden army managed by the eunuchs also suffered heavy losses, so the prime minister and the eunuchs continued to fight for power. After the Huangchao Rebellion, Tang Xizong died in the turmoil at the end of the Tang Dynasty and was succeeded by his younger brother Tang Zhaozong.

And Zhu Wen and Li Keyong became the figures of the end of the Tang Dynasty, and with the support of Zhu Quanzhong, the prime minister faction was victorious, and Zhu Quanzhong entered the palace to punish the eunuchs.

In 895, Japan used the power of the whole country, secretly with the help of the power of the Yin-Yang Sect and the Vinaya, conducted a census, after verification, Japan has a population of 14,536,784 people, and can no longer find a pure-bred Japanese, and the food customs, cultural etiquette is almost exactly the same as the people of China.

The following year, the emperor sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty, claiming to be a country of overseas immigrants, who had been adrift for hundreds of years, and today prayed for his return. Although today's Tang Dynasty is weak, it still maintains a little bit of the open and heroic and inclusive style of the Tang Dynasty, and it is sent to verify that the Japanese people are actually the descendants of the people of Middle-earth, and the annexation of overseas vassals can also be regarded as expanding the territory, so Zhu Quanzhong still agreed to this thing that can increase his prestige, and finally accepted Japan's annexation, changed Japan to Haizhou, and named the emperor as the king of Haizhou for generations, and Yongzhen overseas.

After this was done, most of the merits from heaven fell on Yun Canghai and Jianzhen, and the rest fell on the people involved in this matter in the two countries, because Japan was incorporated into the Middle Earth, recognized its ancestors and returned to its ancestors, achieved national integration, and became a member of the big family of the Chinese nation. This prevented a lot of later killings on a considerable scale, so heavenly merit was given as a reward for those who contributed to it. Yun Canghai and Kanzhen are the main promoters, so they account for seven points, the emperor is the nominal supreme decision-maker, so they account for one point, and the rest of the people share the remaining two points.

In the second year of Tianyou (9o5), Zhu Quanzhong wantonly degraded the court officials, and all of them were killed in the White Horse Station and thrown their bodies into the river, which was known as the disaster of the White Horse Station. Tang Zhaozong was poisoned by Zhu Wen. In the fourth year of Tianyou (9o7), Zhu Quanzhong forced Emperor Li Zhu of Tang Dynasty to take the throne, changed the country name Liang, was for Liang Taizu, changed the Yuan Kaiping, and set the capital in Kaifeng. The Tang Dynasty fell, and the country was founded for a total of 29o years.

The Tang Dynasty, which has been praised by all generations, has become the dust of history.

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