Please enter the text In order to dump goods, the ocean-going fleet also fought a war with the Spaniards in Mexico, which is why it took more than two months to return to the sea. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

Among these things brought back from the Americas by the ocean-going fleet, Chang Wei valued three things the most - cochineal, struvite and rubber.

Cochineal can be widely used in food and medicine, and can also be used as a pigment and spice. It produces beautiful crimson, pink and light red on wool and silk.

It is mainly used in cosmetics to make high-quality rouge, and in food, it is generally used in wine, bread, dairy products, and candy. In addition, carmine is used in small quantities for painting coloring.

Before the Spaniards arrived in the New World, cochineal was cultivated by the natives for use as a dye. The Spaniards brought the pigment to Puzhou and it quickly succeeded, giving rise to a new industry.

By 1600, carmine had become an important export for Mexico, second only to pure gold and silver. The demand for exports has led to the production of cochineal, and the scale of production has been expanding.

In the Oaxaca region alone, the average annual production of carmine reaches 1 million pounds. It is conceivable that the Spaniards did everything possible to keep the breeding secret and thus maintain their monopoly on the production of cochineal.

Authorities have banned the export of live cochineal insects, and have even tried to cover up the fact that carmine is an insect, and even spread the false information that carmine is extracted from plants.

Eventually, the French also managed to establish cochineal farms in their territory. Cochineal was also introduced to the Canary Islands and became a major exporter of the dye for a short period of time.

This kind of thing is extremely precious in the Ming Dynasty, the price can be compared to gold, and even the concubines in the palace take a box of rouge made of cochineal as a treasure, because, before the appearance of cochineal, no matter the cosmetics of the East and the West, are made of lead as raw materials, so there is a saying that 'wash away the lead', and lead is poisonous, in contrast, you know how precious this kind of thing is.

This stuff is parasitic on cacti, can be cultivated in the arid and hot southwest and north, and can be used as a luxury to transfer money to the rich.

Struvite is of great importance to agriculture and the military, and is a treasure for both the living and the murderous!

Struvite - a type of ore, also known as bird and animal dung. Accumulation of droppings and carcasses of birds, bats and seals is an excellent fertilizer. The main production areas are the islands off the coast of Peru and Baja California, as well as in areas of Africa where cormorants, pelicans and gannets are abundantly populated. Bat droppings can be found in caves around the world.

A deep layer of seal droppings accumulates on the Peruvian islands of Lobos de Terra and Lobos de Afuera. Struvite is not only an excellent nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, but also the main ingredient of gunpowder, which is of strategic significance.

Another thing, rubber, really has the significance of promoting the progress of human civilization.

So far, the indigenous people of South America have been using natural rubber for centuries.

During his voyage to discover the New World, Columbus discovered that the indigenous people of South America were playing with a type of ball made from hardened plant sap. Columbus and later explorers were amazed by the bouncy ball. Some samples were taken back to Europe as treasures.

Later, it was discovered that this elastic ball was able to erase the marks of the pencil, so it was given the common name "eraser", that is, eraser, and this kind of thing is rubber.

Chang Wei knows that after vulcanizing natural rubber, rubber will become a valuable material.

By heating with sulfur for vulcanization, the cross-linking of the rubber molecular chain is realized, and the rubber has good elasticity. Why is rubber elastic?

This is because the link monomer of the natural rubber molecule is isoprene. The intermolecular forces between chains in a polymer determine its physical properties. In rubber, the intermolecular forces are weak because the link isoprene is not readily able to interact with other links.

It's like two friends who want to shake hands, but each of them has a lot of things in their hands, so shaking hands is very difficult.

The condition of the forces between the rubber molecules determines the softness of the rubber. The molecules of rubber are relatively easy to rotate, and they also have ample space for movement, and the arrangement of the molecules presents an irregular and random natural state. When subjected to external influences such as bending and elongation, molecules are forced to show a certain regularity.

When the external forcing is eliminated, the rubber molecule returns to its original irregular state. That's why rubber is elastic. Due to the weak intermolecular force, the molecules can rotate freely, and the molecular chains lack sufficient bonding force, so the molecules will slide each other, and the elasticity will not be expressed.

This slippage is attenuated by the entanglement of molecules with each other. However, the intermolecular entanglement is unstable and will gradually loosen with the increase of temperature or time, so it is necessary to establish a strong connection between the molecular chains, which is the vulcanization method.

The vulcanization process is generally carried out at a temperature of 140-150 degrees Celsius. The main effect of vulcanization, simply put, is to form cross-links between molecular chains, so that the intermolecular forces are enhanced.

For thousands of years, people have been riding on wooden wheels, or metal rims around the wheels. After the invention of practical vulcanized rubber, the tire was created by simply fitting a suitable inflatable rubber tube around the wheel.

Although this form of rubber is a soft and fragile substance, it is more resistant to wear than wood or metal. The durability and shock absorption properties of rubber, coupled with the clever design of pneumatic tires, will make the occupants more comfortable than ever before.

Vulcanization sounds like a very complex chemical process, but in fact the principle is very simple, as long as the sulfur is poured into the natural rubber, of course, what chemical reaction will be produced, the proportion of sulfur required, can be handed over to the Zhenjiang laboratory to complete, Chang Wei only needs the local method.

After reading the things on the ship, he immediately sent someone to notify the Ningbo City Ship Division to come to inspect the ship. The one-tenth of the industrial and commercial tax rate was proposed by Chang Wei himself, and of course he himself had to abide by the rules.

There are documents presented by Chang Wei, and the survey work was completed within two days, and in the fleet, only the gold and silver ingots totaled more than 100 million taels, and the value of the rest of the American specialties was immeasurable, because it was too novel.

Chang Wei didn't talk nonsense, and directly paid 11 million taels of taxes, and as a result, on the third day, when Chang Wei returned to Zhenjiang with the fleet, this move spread all over Jiangnan at that time.

A fleet of 3,000 people, in less than a year, has paid 11 million taels of tariffs alone??? then, conservatively estimated, Chang Wei and the Shen family's ocean-going fleet has earned at least more than 100 million taels of silver?!

Of course, if they knew that what Chang Wei brought back, the follow-up value would be so great that it could reach the level of being an enemy, they were afraid that they would go crazy.

At the same time as the news came out, the wealthy businessmen and magnates in the south of the Yangtze River, the wealthy families and the prominent families, sent people and personally went out to Zhenjiang to observe the distant fleet, and those who could talk to Chang Wei came to visit and inquire about the route, to find out the secret of making a fortune, and if they couldn't talk, they asked the Seven Seas League and the Chang family in charge of commerce and shipping to inquire about the news, and finally got the maids, car and boat porters, shop guys, factory technicians, and workers in Changfu, all of whom became fragrant and sweet.

The Chang family couldn't even get out of the door, and the same was true for the Shen family...... It can be seen that wealth is not an empty word!

And Chang Wei wrote the fold as soon as he finished taking inventory of his belongings, and sent it to the Jingshi Palace for 800 miles.

In the compromise, Chang Wei proposed a novel method to sweep away the opponents of Jiangnan: this method was divided into two steps: one was to win over the prestige of Luo Wencheng and the ideological novelists of Donglin and Fushe, such as Huang Zongxi and others, and the other was to use economic strength to crack down on those who opposed the New Deal, such as forming a new ocean-going fleet to attract those families who wanted to make a fortune to join, and bring back new things, fresh industries that were about to be generated, and goods produced by the Zhenjiang factory. Formulate an authoritative price alliance, use distribution rights and pricing power to control the economic market, as long as those who oppose the New Deal will not get goods and distribution rights, in short, it will be blocked and economic sanctions!

Two days later, the emperor's reply arrived. The letter highly praised the achievements of the ocean-going fleet and Chang Wei's ideas, but to Chang Wei's surprise, the emperor wanted to take a concubine and asked Chang Wei to return to Beijing immediately!

What is going on? Obviously, he is about to reap the fruits of his victory and completely settle the Jiangnan clan and the Jianghu forces, so why do he return to Beijing at this time? Can't he wait a month or two?

While Chang Wei thought hard about the reason, he immediately asked Beizhen's henchmen and Cheng Ning'er to find out what was going on in the palace and the identity of the concubine.

Who knows, before the letter was sent, the news of Yan Lingyun arrived!

As soon as I saw the name of the emperor's new concubine, Chang Wei's five thunders thundered, and my heart was cold!

I couldn't take care of the affairs of Jiangnan now, so I immediately asked Yan Ruyu, Ma Yuan and others to sort out the goods, bring their families, and the whole family was ready to go north by sea boat.

The novelties and animals brought back by the ocean-going fleet were to be presented to the emperor, and some were to be given to the Jingshi laboratory.

The second brother Chang Tong and Jin Yiwei were rhyming officials, and after Chang Tong went to Beijing to meet the emperor, he was going to serve as the governor of Saiwai.

As for the family members coming to Beijing, of course, it was for Chang Wei and the princess to get married.

Wei Xijie will recuperate in Nanjing for a few months, and the child will be taken by He Chong first, and will be handed over to Xu Shuyi as her adopted son when the time is right.

Things in the rivers and lakes can only be put down temporarily, but fortunately, there are still He Chong, Gao Liangcai, Chaotianque and other cadres. There are also Xiao Bieli who is undercover in the Jiangbei Alliance, and Hu Wenqing, Jin Shinan, and Li Qishan are undercover in the Jiangnan Alliance.

Fang Huan'er and Jin Hong'er's undercurrent hall is still based in Zhenjiang and Suzhou, and Hum Ha Er will temporarily bring it to the summer in Jiangnan before continuing to go to sea, and the affairs of the fleet are to be worried about by Shen Kuang, Gomez and others.

The planting of rubber trees and cochineal insects is arranged by the Huang family and the Tang family, and the nitrate and phosphate fertilizers in struvite are presided over by the laboratory, which is basically no problem.

It took seven days to explain everything clearly, and Chang Wei took Ma Yuan, Chang Li and more than a dozen brocade guards to cross the river and go north by boat.

Huang's, Chang Tong, Yan Ruyu, Xue Qian, Tang Shuxue, Yu Piaoling and other family members took a sea boat to the north.

"Guogong ......", "Master ......", "Changmeng Leader...... According to your way of walking, we will be able to reach the capital in the Year of the Monkey?!"

Standing at the bow of the boat, Chang Wei, who was staring at the sunset in the river, didn't seem to hear Ma Yuan's voice at all.

Ma Yuan was suddenly deflated, starting from Yangzhou, Chang Wei looked like this, the scenery on the road, whether it was a small bridge and flowing water, or a green willow family, all had an extraordinary attraction to him, as if he had not lived in this rainy Jiangnan for more than ten years.

Chang Wei ignored Ma Yuan and drank with the old man, although the old man forgot the name of his own aging wine, he still remembered Chang Wei and Luo Wencheng.

"That big official is really handsome, and he is very knowledgeable, I have been on the river for decades, and I have never seen a few...... No wonder, he is a Wenqu star! Young man, I see that you are also quite knowledgeable, what kind of yuan are you?"

"The old man crossed Luo Jin'an?" Ma Yuan and Shi Daxuan turned around at some point, picked up the old man's wine and took a sip, but choked and coughed.

"Yes, it was last winter, Deng Qi escorted Jin An Gong to Jiangnan. ”

After telling the interesting story of crossing the river, Chang Wei was a little stupid, and repeatedly praised 'The green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red a few times', and suddenly laughed.

Ma Yuan finally understood, and the doubts in his heart were all answered at this moment, it turned out that Chang Wei was so nostalgic for the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River, he was afraid that he would not be able to come back, and his heart was suddenly at a loss, could it be that there was still a disaster when he returned to the capital?

Then it was not destroyed, and he took the boat all the way to Huai'an, but Chang Wei suddenly came to the spirit, took more than a dozen people, and directly broke into the Caodu Yamen, and without saying a word, he arrested Teng Leshan......

"Daring Fear, you're too late!"

Yuan Keli's style today is completely different from that of years ago, just this mansion compound that is very different from the style of the small bridge and flowing water in the south of the Yangtze River has made Chang Wei feel that 'once he enters the Houmen, it is as deep as the sea', and then look at the officials waiting to meet in the gatehouse, and the chest of the lowest rank is also embroidered with five products of heron.

Seeing Yuan Keli personally greet him out of the living room, the new chief housekeeper also looked at Chang Weilai carefully, as if he wanted to keep this face in mind, and when he heard me call "teacher", he suddenly realized, and said with a smile: "The old slave thought, whose son is this so handsome and chic? It turned out to be Qin Guogong." ”

This housekeeper is from Yuan Keli's hometown, and he hasn't seen Chang Wei yet.

Yuan Keli became a popular man in front of the emperor, and people from all over the country who wanted to tie him up were like carp crossing the river, but after all, he was an upstart, his foundation was not stable, and he had a grudge against the civil officials of the six departments of the capital, so he naturally did not dare to accept bribes, but the mansion rewarded by the emperor must always be managed, and the dignity of being an official must be maintained.

"If it was before, in the first month of this year, you should come to Beijing for the scientific examination, this year's examination, there are not a few outstanding characters......"

At the family banquet, Yuan Keli was still regretting that Chang Wei did not participate in the examination, but his wife Wang was disapproving, saying that fearlessness had learned people, even if there were a few outstanding people.