Liberation is the liberation of people's knowledge and ability on the one hand, and the liberation of people's life and state of mind on the other hand, and the handling of world affairs with self-cultivation and contemplation. The social philosophy of Taoism is not enterprising, positive, because society is only a process of heavenly Tao, not an end in itself.

Taoism believes that the social ideal of Confucianism is reasonable, but not absolute, so there is basically no need to put forward a set of decisive social ideals, because the change of heaven itself does not care about the absolute right and wrong, good and evil, so Taoism emphasizes more on the wisdom principle of survival in society, and this wisdom must be able to survive effectively in any historical situation in the society, these can be said to be the earliest and most brilliant Chinese philosophy.

Later, the Legalist philosophy changed a lot, and Han Feizi advocated the "study of Huang Lao", which connected "reason" and "Tao" together, believing that "Tao" became the law of the operation of all things. Absorbing the Confucian idea of benevolence and righteousness, and the number of Legalist governance, the Taoist law was produced to smelt together, which became the rule of Huang Lao in the early Han Dynasty. The core of Taoist thought is the "Dao", which is believed to be the origin of the universe and the law that governs the movement of a qiē in the universe. It is also because the social philosophy of Taoism does not focus on its own development specifications, but emphasizes the wisdom of coping, so it is conducive to people's needs for cultivation and recreation, so that the rule of Huang Lao in the early Han Dynasty has a practical theoretical basis. At the same time, it also stabilized the frustration of Chinese scholars and doctors, and there was still a stage for the officialdom culture of Confucianism to play.

Taoism from the old Zhuang Xuanxu said, and later became the two Jin Dynasty doctors to compete with Shang Qing Tan, the Southern Dynasty Song Wen Emperor ordered He Yande to establish "metaphysics". In addition, it has changed to the art of Fangshi immortals, since Zhang Daoling of the Han Dynasty became "Taoism" with the method of water forbidden spells.

After Buddhism entered China, the Chinese began to know that there are three lives, six reincarnations and good and evil consequences, knowing that life has a history and death knows a past. The specific table xiàn in the letter III. Buddhists believe that everything in the world is born due to the harmony of fate, and everything is in reincarnation, people are born, old, sick and die, the sky is cloudy and sunny, flowers bloom and fall, and life and death are combined. Buddhism has the theory of six reincarnations, although evil deeds in this life will be blessed and longevity, but if their karma is not reported in this life, they will be rewarded in the next life. Because of the belief in the three worlds and the six realms, the belief that good and evil will be rewarded, either from the body, or by the descendants, or by the afterlife. At the same time, the concepts of repentance and planting blessings, prolonging life and recommending death, cultivating virtue and disasters, and setting up offerings and prayers were introduced.

The study of the Buddha is Buddhism, which takes the reincarnation of cause and effect as the theory, the five precepts and the ten good laws as the law, and the liberation of birth as the main idea of Buddhism, and the theory that everything is impermanent and changes the suffering of life and death. With selflessness, dependent birth, and suffering and emptiness as the method, the purpose is to realize the freedom of non-action. In order to achieve this, the emphasis is on the need for rebirth and liberation, which means that we must be disgusted with worldly desires and constantly practice ourselves, and liberation is for the purpose of getting rid of the suffering of the human world. In the fundamental spirit of Mahayana Buddhism, it is further emphasized to sacrifice oneself to save the world. It can be said that before the Qin and Han dynasties, Chinese philosophy still had a great achievement, and each faction showed its strengths, but it is a pity that after the Han Dynasty Dong Zhongshu, the dethroned the hundred schools, and respected Confucianism alone, China's splendid philosophy was also classified into one, and the glorious era of a hundred schools of thought contended to end.

After arriving in the Northern Song Dynasty, the disadvantages of deposing the hundred schools of thought also began to be revealed, and the Confucianists of the Northern Song Dynasty took Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Hengqu, Cheng Hao, and Cheng Yi as the main sects, inherited the Confucian classics, emphasized benevolence and heart, and talked about the poor reason of things. Three years after Xining, Wang Anshi's reform of the law caused a party dispute, and Ercheng retreated to Luoyang respectively, and the science of science reached maturity in the next seven or ten years.

After the Song Dynasty crossed to the south, Confucianism was divided into three schools - Cheng Hao opened Hu Wufeng's "Huxiang Learning", Cheng Yi opened Zhu Zi's Learning, that is, Cheng Zhu Lixue, and the representative was Zhu Xi, and Lu Jiuyuan directly inherited Mencius and opened the Xinxue School. Quan Zuwang commented: "After Song Gan and Chun, the school was divided into three: Zhu Xueye, Lu Xueye, and Lu Xueye. The three are not very compatible at the same time. Zhu Xue learned from things, Lu Xue learned with a clear heart, and Lu Xue took both his strengths, and retouched them with the unity of the Central Plains documents. Although the path is different, it is the same to return to the saint. ”

After the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the popularity of Daoists became more and more powerful, and although the government repeatedly banned Daoism in the early Southern Song Dynasty, it could not stop the popularity of Daoism and diminish its prestige. After the Southern Song Dynasty, only the Zhu Lu second line continued to be passed on. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Zhu Xuejin was in the position of orthodoxy and was the official ideology of the late period of Chinese monarchical society. Hui Dong commented on "Notes on Mao's Poems": "The disaster of Song Confucianism is worse than that of Qin Ash. ”

This kind of science has gradually become empty talk, and it has become a means of using academia as a tool to win political interests. In the twenty-first year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi read Cui Weilin's article and said that "Anran is conceited as a Confucian" is really "contemptible". He also said: "Yi claims to be Taoism, but the so-called Taoism may not be true. It is not very good to hear that he lives in the countryside." Kangxi said, "In the Han Palace, there are many people who are famous for Taoism, and they will memorize their words and deeds", "Make a first-class language in front of the master, and don't make a first-class language when you retreat." He once said: "Li Guangdi, Tang Bin, and Xiong Cixu are all people who preach Taoism, but they do not agree. "Chinese philosophy since the Southern Song Dynasty, to the beginning of the Ming Dynasty has been stagnant, it is precisely because of the deposition of the hundred schools, the exclusive respect for Confucianism, so that the world's thoughts are only in the words of the sage, thus abandoning the other, especially since the Tang and Song dynasties science and technology is very few, it can be said that Confucianism has developed for more than a thousand years, can develop have been developed, there are very few people who want to achieve the Tao, not to mention scientific and technological talents, their thoughts, cognition, understanding, Even the control of this world has become narrow, and in this way, the whole country has been stagnant and difficult to survive.

After a thousand years, especially after the changes of the Renaissance, Western philosophy can be said to have undergone earth-shaking changes, a hundred schools of thought contended, both materialism and idealism went hand in hand, producing Plato and Aristotle, two Taishan-like figures, especially Aristotle said in "Metaphysics": Seeking knowledge is the nature of all people. People begin their philosophical thinking because of their wonder, starting with the wonder of what is around them, and then gradually moving forward to questions about more important things, such as the changes in the phases of the moon, the changes in the sun and the stars, and the generation of all things. A person who was perplexed and amazed became aware of his ignorance, and thus formed a systematic discipline that led to the great development of science in Europe.

The main thing is that Aristotle was a completely encyclopedic scientist who contributed to almost every discipline. His writings cover ethics, metaphysics, psychology, economics, theology, politics, rhetoric, natural sciences, pedagogy, poetry, customs, and Athenian law. Aristotle's writings, which constructed the first extensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic and science, politics, and metaphysics, were pupils of Plato, but he abandoned the idealistic views of his teachers. According to Plato, the idea is the archetype of the physical object, which does not depend on the physical object and exists independently. Aristotle, on the other hand, believed that the world is made up of things that are in harmony with their own forms and materials. "Material" is the material of which things are composed, and "form" is the individual characteristics of each thing. It's like having a chicken with its wings fluffing around, and the "form" of this chicken is that it can spread its wings, coo, lay eggs, etc. When the chicken dies, the "form" no longer exists, and the only thing left is the substance of the chicken.

Aristotle's greatest philosophical contribution was the creation of an important sub-discipline of formal logic. Logical thinking was the backbone of Aristotle's excellence in many fields, and this way of thinking has always been used throughout his research, statistics, and thinking. In his research methods, he was accustomed to being critical of the theories of the past and his contemporaries, proposing and discussing theoretical blind spots, using deductive reasoning, and arguing in the form of syllogisms, and it was this logic that gave rise to generations of philosophers, scientists, and astronomers who sought to be the right one for the whole of Europe.

Today's Ming Dynasty really needs such an encyclopedic figure to beat and point out in order to further break the current predicament of Zhu Chengli, and now is undoubtedly the best moment.

He is a person who will move forward if he has an idea, and when this thought just flashed through his mind, while everyone exclaimed the enemy's inscription, he had already explained how to teach this lesson and how to say it interestingly, so that the students were shocked and questioned, pursued, and explored, so as to reverse the situation in front of them.

"Enough talking, enough laughing?" Yang Zheng suddenly said coldly, he was angry, and he intended to let everyone hear what he said, therefore, these few sentences implied internal force, although there was a lot of joy in the courtyard, but everyone could hear it clearly, everyone was first, after all, this is the Hanlin Academy, and the people who dare to speak like this are a few bachelors in addition to the head of the courtyard, and the head of the academy rarely comes to the front yard, and he is gentle, plus he is of the same age, so these Shu Jishi are not afraid, and Wang Zhi is a good man, let alone say such reproachful words, so everyone felt surprised, and followed the prestige, when their eyes fell on Yang Zheng's face, first they were surprised, and then you look at me, I look at you, I don't know why today's courtyard has changed from the elegance of the past and has become a little hideous.

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