Reform is the only way for the Ming Dynasty, unreasonable places, we must reform, only reform, in order to make the country strong, the army strong, the people rich!

Our achievements did not fall from the sky, but under the leadership of Her Royal Highness the Princess of the Auxiliary Kingdom, the officials really worked hard, and the people worked hard with hard work, wisdom and courage! ”

In the auditorium of Nanjing University, officials and college students gathered together to listen to Ma Shiying's eloquent talk and talk about "reform" like a reformer.

If Yan Changwu hears it, I am afraid that he will be greatly emotional: "Ma Shiying, the Ming Dynasty, should have been a traitorous minister, but now he has become a capable minister who governs the world here, as long as he does not deviate, the positioning in the history of the new Ming Dynasty is not bad!" ”

Ma Shiying introduced the official reform, imperial examination reform, army reform, economic reform, land reform, welfare reform, etc., all led by him, which can be described as fruitful, so that the Ming Dynasty has undergone earth-shaking changes in many aspects, but it can still succeed, which has to be admired!

For example, the official system was restructured, and the Ming Dynasty officially gave the cabinet status, which was above the six ministries.

The Ming Dynasty Cabinet was originally an advisory body to the emperor established in the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty's Jianwen (1402), and then gradually increased its power and later became the administrative center of the Ming Dynasty. The number of auxiliary ministers in the cabinet ranges from one to seven, and the auxiliary ministers are sent to go out to do business, and most of them call themselves cabinet ministers.

In the beginning, the cabinet scholars only had the status of advisers, and the emperor had the power to make the final decision, and the scholars rarely had the opportunity to participate in the decision, and belonged to the role of soy sauce.

By the time of Ming Renzong and Ming Xuanzong, his status was increasingly respected. Since then, the power of the cabinet has increased day by day, and in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Xia Yan, Yan Song and others were in charge of the cabinet, and their status was impressive as the real prime minister, and they could also suppress the six ministries.

The role of the cabinet is very large, the Wanli Emperor did not go to court for 30 years, relying on the help of the cabinet, and Zhang Juzheng served as the first assistant of the cabinet of reform, but also to the Ming Dynasty to continue life, the history of the Ming Dynasty 276 years, the emperor is wonderful, the cabinet mediates, and the contribution is indispensable.

However, the status of such an important institution has always been awkward, the cabinet has been formed for a long time, and it has never achieved legal status, and it has never been a formal administrative organ at the central level.

Starting from Yongle, the emperors of all dynasties have sent great policies to the cabinet to varying degrees, and the emperor "can rule the world without receiving his subordinates, so that he has a cabinet minister's vote."

However, none of them dared to take responsibility for violating the ancestral system, and none of them wanted to share a part of the imperial power that had already achieved complete victory with the ministers. As a result, the Cabinet has been slow to progress and has never been able to become a formal administrative body at the central level.

It is a characteristic of the Cabinet that there is a fact but no name, and because of this problem, the Cabinet and the Six Ministries often compete with each other for their strengths and contradictions.

In the past dynasties and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the six ministries were subordinate to the prime minister, and everything must uphold the will of the prime minister.

The emperor wanted to "control the big with the small", and the cabinet officials had five grades, and the six Shangshu were at least two grades, so he was naturally not convinced by the cabinet's control.

With the improvement of the cabinet's taste and the right to vote, the cabinet is closer to the emperor than the six ministries, and the power of the ministries has been encroached upon by the cabinet at different times and to varying degrees.

However, after all, the cabinet is different from the Zhongshu Province.

Institutionally speaking, the six ministries do not have to obey the orders of the cabinet, and the cabinet "cannot do all political affairs unless the lower departments do not work, and cannot do it." Therefore, the cabinet tried to control the six ministries by taking advantage of its position and power, and the six ministries took advantage of the fact that the cabinet had no legal status and power in an attempt to get rid of control. As a result, the cabinet often competes for power, especially for personnel power.

This fight will naturally not have a good result, dog eats dog, a mouthful of hair, and internal friction is indispensable.

Now the name of the cabinet is corrected, and the cabinet is located above the six ministries, which is equivalent to the reconstruction of Zhongshu Province.

"Student Dewey, may I ask Ma Xiang, the student cabinet has great power, which is equivalent to Zhongshu Province, and the power of the minister is too great, how can the imperial court check and balance?" The assembly allowed for questions, and a young and elegant student stood up and asked.

Secretly asking this question well, Ma Shiying introduced: "The cabinet is different from the Zhongshu Province!" The members of the Cabinet are determined by the person in charge, and there is a term limit, one term is four years, and if they do well, they can serve another term, but they cannot serve a third term......"

After all, there are words that cannot be said, in the former Ming Dynasty, in order to restrain the cabinet, the emperor used domestic slaves, and the cabinet's vote to dispose of the right must be approved by the celebrant TJ, which is the emperor's support TJ to deal with the cabinet and strengthen the imperial power.

Although the chief cabinet scholar (or cabinet chief) had the power to vote, he had to rely on the internal eunuchs to deliver the red.

The functions and powers of the Shoufu scholars are the same as those of the prime ministers in the past, but they must cooperate with the eunuchs in order to take charge of the government, such as Zhang Juzheng and Feng Bao.

The celebrant TJ approved the red on behalf of the emperor, and he had a lot of power, and he set up some east factory, west factory, south factory, and north factory, which made the civil officials want to die.

Some emperors used the celebrant TJ to fight against the civil officials, so as not to have too much authority in the cabinet, and some emperors such as Chongzhen, got rid of themselves, abolished their martial arts, and wiped out the eunuchs, without checks and balances, those civil officials did nothing to the emperor, internal dog-eat-dog, and did nothing, affecting the three armies, so that Chongzhen shouted: "If the loyal and virtuous are here, the matter will not come to this!" ”

The new dynasty is coming, and the imperial court has abolished the celebrant TJ, and no longer gives TJ the power to approve red, and it seems that he will also come to Chongzhen second, but!

In terms of system, the imperial court has personnel power over the cabinet, that is, the cabinet members are appointed by the imperial court, which to a certain extent, ensures the loyalty of the cabinet members to the imperial court.

The imperial court has seriously weakened the control of civilian officials over the army, the army is only loyal to the imperial court, and civilian officials have no right to speak about the military generals, this appointment power lies in the imperial court, and now it is the auxiliary princess who holds the appointment power of the army generals.

In addition, the intelligence services are not in the hands of the civilian authorities, who never know how much of their black material has been collected by the intelligence services.

If you need to, you'll be bombed!

The expenditures of the military and intelligence departments are listed separately, and civilian officials are not allowed to beak their beaks, so that if there is milk, they are mothers, and civilian officials are powerless to supervise the military and intelligence departments.

Therefore, it seems that the cabinet is extremely beautiful, but in fact, the imperial court has also put a tight spell on them, and they can't do whatever they want.

In addition, the power of the Metropolitan Procuratorate has been greatly restricted, and its power to supervise the conduct of officials has been greatly reduced, especially the abolition of the power to arrest suspected officials.

In the past, the officials of the Metropolitan Procuratorate were known as "holding the constitution of heaven and shaking the mountains at every turn", and they were collectively called the officials of the science and technology with the "giving the matter", and they had the power of impeachment, and they were often used by the big officials.

The scenery of the Metropolitan Procuratorate is not there, they no longer have the right to "hear about things", and there is no need to talk about the impeachment of officials in the past!

You can play whoever you want, and now you don't have this privilege, and the impeacher must tell the evidence, and if you impeach the wrong person, you must be responsible.

Since the new dynasty, the salaries of officials have continued to rise, and they have approached the middle and upper level of the average income of the society.

Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that the changes are very big, and it can be called a shock to officialdom.

And what is even bigger is the reform of the imperial examination, which has changed more than a great change, and the scholars in the world are happy and bitter, and all kinds of tastes are in their hearts!

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