Chapter 354: Pneumonia and Penicillin (Popular Science Chapter, You Can Skip If You Don't Like It)

Laboratory, main laboratory.

In the room, Pandora washed many test tubes and placed them on the test tube rack, her eyes shining with pride. Hold out a finger and point at the tube.

"Ita!"

"Teucer!"

"Sarah!"

"Spa Francorchamps!"

"Wa......" Pandora just counted to the fifth, her eyes blinked, and she felt that there seemed to be something dirty in the test tube that had not been brushed clean, so she reached out and carefully took it off the test tube rack, and pouted unhappily, ready to brush it again.

At this moment, there was a "bang", the door of the laboratory was slammed open, and Richard stumbled and walked in.

"Whoa!"

The glass tube in his hand was directly crushed, and Pandora turned around and looked at Richard in surprise.

At this time, Richard wore a thick mask, covered his mouth and nose tightly, and didn't say much at all, but said briefly to Pandora: "Pandora, you go to the courtyard and wait for me, I will tell you to come in and come in again." ”

"Scare?"

"Hurry up. Richard let out heavy, rapid breathing from under his hand, and finally took a deep breath, "Obedient—"

Pandora's eyebrows furrowed, her eyes flashed, and finally she listened to Richard's words, and walked out into the courtyard.

Richard immediately closed the door of the laboratory, closed and sealed all the doors, windows, entrances and exits, and sealed the entire laboratory.

After doing all this, he took off his mask and began to breathe heavily.

This is also a matter of no choice, and he can't help but be careless. Generally speaking, pneumonia is very contagious, but in the current world, some people are starting to use this as a weapon, who knows if there are some mutations? He didn't want Pandora to try it.

It is true that Pandora, with the strong physique of the dragon clan, even if it is infected, has a high chance of being immune, but it is better not to risk it.

Thinking like this, Richard calmed down and fully perceived the condition of his body, and found that the typical symptoms of pneumonia, such as cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and chest tingling, were all there, and they were getting worse and worse. The most severe is fatigue, which is a common manifestation in patients with pneumonia, about 90% of the time, and even if it is cured, it will last for a long time.

At this time, Richard felt as if his whole body had been filled with lead, and it was difficult to move his fingers, and he wanted to fall to the ground and fall asleep.

But he knew very well in his heart that this must not be the case, and if he slept now, he might never wake up. We have to find a way to get rid of the pneumonia.

To solve the pneumonia, it is necessary to figure out what exactly is going on.

His pneumonia was caused by a fungus called mushroom spores, which is rare according to modern studies on Earth, but it is not without cases.

In fact, the most similar to his current situation should be mushroom lung.

Mushroom lung is a lung disease that is extremely prone to occur in the mushroom harvesting period on the modern earth. The mechanism of occurrence is that a large number of fungal spores cause invasion of the respiratory system, causing a series of lesions. The incubation period of the disease can be as long as three months, and as short as 30 minutes.

Once the attack occurs, symptoms such as severe cough, sputum production, chest pain, chest tightness, and poor breathing will appear, accompanied by headache, dizziness, palpitation, muscle aches, fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and other systemic symptoms and digestive symptoms.

The difference between him and mushroom lung is that mushroom lung is an allergic reaction that returns to normal after disengagement, while he has a more severe pneumonia that will only get worse without effective targeted treatment.

So how is it treated?

Richard's eyes flickered as he scanned the many wooden shelves in the lab, at the many materials on the wooden shelves.

For diseases like germs, the most effective treatment is, of course, with antibacterial drugs, which is basically the common knowledge of all modern earthlings.

On the modern earth, because antimicrobial drugs are too widely used, there has even been abuse, resulting in the emergence of highly resistant superbugs.

In the current medieval-like wizarding world, there is no such concern - all germs have not been tested by antimicrobials, and compared to their germ companions on modern earth, they are the best of the best.

If the germs invade the human body, it is equivalent to swaggering into the bandits who have no defense in the village. On the way back, bored, he easily wiped out a group of robbers who looked like thieves - in a world that has never used antimicrobials, the effect of using antimicrobials for the first time is simply 120%.

Now the question is, where to get antimicrobials?

The preparation of antimicrobial drugs is easy to say, but difficult to say.

To put it simply, as common sense, everyone on the modern planet knows that the most commonly used antibiotic is penicillin.

The difficulty point, how did penicillin get it in the first place?

If you start from the beginning, you have to push back the clock...... In the summer of July 1928 on modern Earth. Fleming, a careless British scientist, in order to write a paper on staphylococcus, cultivated large quantities of Staphylococcus aureus in the laboratory.

During the cultivation process, Fleming forgot about the cultivation, and did not even cover the lid of the petri dish, so he went on vacation to the countryside. It wasn't until I returned from vacation in September that I remembered this thing about training. When I returned to the lab, I saw a mold growing in the corner of the petri dish, and the Staphylococcus aureus near the mold had died cleanly.

Fleming may have been careless, but his acumen was not bad, and he immediately conducted many experiments and research, and finally determined that the mold growing in the petri dish can secrete special substances that can kill a variety of pathogenic bacteria. He excitedly named the mold "Penicillium" and secreted it "Penicillin", and wrote a paper for publication.

By the time the paper was published in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology, it was already February 13, 1929.

Is that the end of the story?

Apparently not, for the development of penicillin, it is just the beginning.

It is true that Flemming was lucky to find Penicillium that has existed in nature for a long time, but how to purify it is a problem and cannot be used in clinical treatment.

It wasn't until 1938 that a team led by Chan, Flory and Heatley at the University of Oxford succeeded in refining penicillin – 10 years after its discovery and nine years after the paper was published.

The story is still not over, because the original penicillium produced too little penicillin.

Feleming's laboratory used the propagation of the first penicillin seedlings to achieve a penicillin yield of only 4 units per milliliter, or even less, for a month of continuous production, barely enough to supply a patient.

After a lot of hard work, the research team in the United States designed a corn syrup culture medium, which increased the yield of penicillin tenfold - 40 units per milliliter, which is still not available to ordinary people.

Later, researcher Marie Hunt found a moldy cantaloupe covered in penicillium at the Peoria Market in Illinois, USA. She used this cantaloupe to be screened and cultivated several times, and finally the yield of penicillin reached 250 units per milliliter. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have used ultraviolet light to irradiate strains and mutate them, increasing the yield to 2,500 units per milliliter.

2,500 units per milliliter! That's the limit of an era.

And how many units of penicillin does a person need for normal treatment?

According to the modern treatment method on earth, even ordinary infections require an infusion of 9.6 million units of penicillin a day.

9.6 million!

9,600,000 vs 2,500!

3840 times!

What a big gap is, it is completely conceivable.

In fact, it was not until a long time after the discovery of Penicillium that the yield of penicillin was increased to 50,000 units per milliliter after countless strain improvements, and it was commercially produced and used on a large scale. Before commercial production, large-scale use, penicillin was more expensive than gold, and it really wasn't a joke.

That's the problem!

Richard squinted.

If he wants to be treated with penicillin, even if he is extremely lucky enough to get the penicillium sylvestrium in nature instantly, he will have to try to treat himself at least a month later. Realistically, it may take a year to get a sufficient amount of penicillin.

By then, the corpse should be cold.

Well, it's cool.