"In the current medieval-like wizarding world, it is very difficult to try to treat pneumonia with penicillin. Richard had this thought in his mind, "and penicillin only kills some of the bacteria and has little effect on fungi, so it's best to dismiss this idea." ”

So, without penicillin, what is it used for?

The answer to this question is – sulfonamides.

Penicillin is the world's first discovered antimicrobial drug and the most widely used antimicrobial drug on the modern earth, but it is not the first antimicrobial drug to be used in large quantities.

1930s – Penicillin is discovered, but in the process of increasing production, sulfonamides are already used in clinical treatment as effective treatments for hemolytic streptococcal infections.

In the following decade, sulfonamides developed rapidly, and by the 1940s, hundreds of different sulfonamides had been produced.

In the early years of World War II (1939-1945), sulfonamides were common drugs used by the military to treat infections. The U.S. military's first-aid kits contain sulfonamide powder and sulfonamide pills, sulfonamide powder sprinkled on wounds to suppress infection, and sulfonamide tablets taken orally to deal with gangrene and pneumonia.

Well, pneumonia.

Sulfonamides saved many lives during the war, including big names such as Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., the son of US President Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister, who suffered from pneumonia.

Therefore, no matter how you look at it, under the premise that penicillin is unreliable, sulfonamides are the real lifesaver.

But it's too early to say that everything is solved.

If you think about it, sulfonamides are not something that can be made casually, otherwise something so important would not have been used as a clinical treatment until before the Second World War.

The reason for this is that sulfonamides are chemically synthesized drugs and are derivatives of p-aminobenzene sulfonamide. In other words, in order to make it, you need to have a certain level of chemical industry.

This level is to be reached in the 1900s because this is when the first p-aminobenzene sulfonamide derivative was chemically synthesized.

At the beginning, it was not synthesized as a therapeutic drug, and people did not realize the miraculous effect of this kind of thing, but simply regarded it as a ...... Dye.

Yes, dyes.

Synthetic products, with bright colors and almost no fading, are superior to all previous dyes and are widely used in the dyeing industry.

It is worth mentioning that the color of this dye is red.

Well, red.

So how did this red dye finally become a drug after decades?

This is mainly due to the very brainy German scientist - Hader Domac.

In the autumn of 1932, Domark worked for Farben to find a drug that could specifically kill pathogenic bacteria, and after some consideration, he decided to start with a germ stain.

The logic of Domac is this: the dye can change the color of the germ, which means that the internal structure of the germ has undergone some special change. Isn't it an excellent specific antimicrobial agent if you find a dye that can only discolor specific germs and destroy the internal structure of germs without affecting the rest of the cells?

After continuous efforts, Domark discovered the red azo dye from thousands of candidate azo dyes - Bailang Duoxi.

After research, Bailang Duo has a strong effect on the treatment of hemolytic streptococcal infection.

With more than a hundred waves, Domark saved his daughter who was suffering from streptococcal septicaemia due to infection at the time, and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939.

The mechanism of Bailang Duoxin is a prodrug, that is, it has no activity in vitro, but after entering the organism, it can decompose the p-aminobenzene sulfonamide derivative - sulfonamide. Sulfonamides are chemically similar to the p-aminobenzoic acid needed for the growth of germs, which can cause misleading absorption by germs but have no effect and eventually die.

To be honest, the biggest effect of Bailang Duoxi is actually to inhibit germs, rather than kill them, which is different from penicillin.

In addition, there is another disadvantage that cannot be ignored, that is, after use, it will change the color of people's body, because it is a dye after all.

But in any case, he is indeed a life-saving drug.

So how do you get it?

The way to obtain it is generally to put p-aminobenzene sulfonamide in an alkaline solution and use potassium ferricyanide or potassium permanganate oxidation coupling amino group as raw material to synthesize. It can also be synthesized with zinc powder reduction coupled to p-nitrobenzene sulfonamide.

All in all, in a word, it's troublesome.

It's not impossible, but because there is no chemical industry level corresponding to the early 20th century on the modern earth, many raw materials need to be produced in surplus. The raw materials used to make raw materials need to be made from raw materials that do not exist in addition.

So you need raw materials for raw materials.

What is devastating is that the raw materials of raw materials often do not exist in nature and still need to be produced - under the premise of the lack of a complete industrial system, it is often necessary to face the fact that if you want to synthesize something across the ages, in addition to opportunism and finding another way, you must establish a small half of the industrial system that is lacking.

However, Richard did not have to go through such an inner breakdown.

Because of the abundance of waves, he has it.

Yes, he has a hundred waves!

Red dye, with high medicinal value, isn't it just the thing in the box sent by Alex before!

He realized the value of the dye, but now it was time to use it.

Thinking so, Richard braced his tired and weak body and walked to the wooden frame next to him.

......

Outside the laboratory, in the courtyard.

Pandora stood and frowned, wondering why Richard had kicked her out, had she done something wrong?

No, she was very obedient during this time, and took the initiative to help brush the test tube. Maybe in the process of scrubbing the test tube, a few ...... were broken Dozens...... Okay, hundreds of them were broken, but she couldn't be blamed for it.

Whoever makes the test tube slippery is very difficult to catch, especially if it is contaminated with water, and it will fall to the ground if you are not careful. She grabbed it with so much strength in order not to break it, and accidentally crushed it, which should be completely understood.

Or is it ......

Pandora remembered the pale face she had seen earlier.

"Da Da Da ......"

Pandora quickly ran to the window, grabbed the windowsill, stood on tiptoe, and looked into the lab.

Through the cloudy glass, Pandora saw that Richard was frowning, holding the strange liquid and drinking it, and then trying to do something, looking very struggling.

She should go and help.

Pandora thought so, and suddenly saw Richard in the laboratory approaching the windowsill, covering his mouth and nose, knocking on the irregular glass on the window, and said to her: "Be obedient, stay in the courtyard, and don't think about coming in." Don't worry about me, I'm fine. ”

"Uh-" Pando sighed, loosened the window-sill, and walked back into the middle of the yard, pouting and strolling a little sullenly. A long stone of more than 20 centimeters, not long in front of the eyes, Pandora kicked it away, and the stone bones rolled out.

Suddenly, Pandora turned her head to look at the kicked rock, her eyes flashed, and she turned her head to look at the laboratory again, as if she had thought of something.

Running quickly to the flying stone, Pandora picked it up, then found another stone to hold in her hand, and tried to start banging.

"Bang ......"

Pandora tapped very carefully, much more carefully than when scrubbing the test tube, and the long stones of more than 20 centimeters fell little by little.

Pandora pauses for a moment, tilts her head for a long time, and then continues to beat.

With a staccato sound, the long stone in Pandora's hand slowly took shape—a human figure.

In the laboratory, Richard took more than 100 waves of breath and carried out the rest of the adjuvant treatments.

The sky was dark, but the night continued......