Dong Zi is the great Confucian Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

It is Dong Zhongshu who 'deposed a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism' in history textbooks. But Dong Zhongshu didn't say that, his original words were 'Push the Kong clan and suppress the hundred schools'.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty landed in practice, which was 'deposing the hundred schools of thought and the six classics of the seal'.

Seeing that the disciples were discussing, Lin Yanchao knocked on the stone chime, and the hall fell silent again.

Lin Yanchao said: "If it is not Dong Zi, there is no Confucianism today, but Zhu Zi thinks that Dong Zi has not inherited Mencius's learning, which is not enough to inherit the Taoist system." But I think that Dong Zi's learning lies in the confluence of Confucianism and law! ”

Confucianism and law converge!

This sound was like a bell, ringing in the hearts of all the scholars.

"Legalism respects power, Confucianism respects the monarch, the way of the two families is combined. Therefore, Dong Zi unified the Spring and Autumn Period and adopted the consensus of the two schools of Confucianism and Law. ”

How do you explain this?

Confucius once said that there is a way in the world, and the conquest of etiquette and music comes from the Son of Heaven.

Xunzi has a saying, Long one rule, two and chaos.

Han Fei said that the matter is in the Quartet, and it must be in the center.

The doctrines of the three schools all support the co-sovereignty of the world and the centralization of power, so Dong Zhongshu took the consensus of Confucianism and law and founded the doctrine of the unification of the Spring and Autumn Period.

For 2,000 years, the Chinese people have respected one China. For example, later generations said that the world must be divided for a long time, and it must be divided for a long time, that is, Dong Zhongshu's idea of great unification is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

"In the disagreement between the two schools of Confucianism and law, Dong Zi is the master of morality and the punishment is supplemented, and the spring and autumn prison sentences are combined."

How did Dong Zhongshu deal with the confluence of Confucianism and law? It is a way to seek common ground while reserving differences.

The two schools of Confucianism and law seem to be far from each other, but they also have something in common, that is, respecting the monarch and respecting the superior, Dong Zhongshu used the doctrine of the unification of the Spring and Autumn Period to reach an agreement first.

This is a move that conforms to the hearts of both families, and neither of them disputes about it.

After that, the differences were resolved between the two families, with Confucianism advocating the rule of etiquette and Legalism advocating the rule of law.

In that year, Zhao Ying, the doctor of Jin, cast a criminal book and promulgated a criminal law, and Confucius severely criticized this move. Confucius advocated that the state should not use the criminal law and practice the rule of etiquette, because the criminal law cannot be known to the public, so it can maintain an unpredictable situation.

The rule of law is the most fundamental difference between Confucianism and law.

In order to eliminate these differences, Dong Zhongshu put forward the theory of morality and punishment as the auxiliary, that is, the state should be governed by etiquette, and then supplemented by the rule of law. Educate with etiquette and prohibit with law. This is in line with Xunzi's advocacy of the doctrine that etiquette is determined by virtue and law can be determined.

Dong Zhongshu also proposed that even if the criminal law is really used, it must be convicted in accordance with the righteousness of the Spring and Autumn Period.

The two schools of Confucianism and law each compromised and reached a consensus.

However, Dong Zhongshu denied Confucius's Confucian scriptures and teachings that ruled purely by etiquette and did not carry out the rule of law, so Dong Zhongshu's 'moral master and criminal auxiliary' was called 'Neo-Confucianism' by the people of the time, and was considered by those who did not accept it, which was fundamentally a tampering with Confucianism.

After all, the scriptures are no longer the original appearance that Confucius originally advocated, but in fact, the people of the world, as well as the Confucian scholars, have gradually accepted the state's use of criminal law as a degree, the mode of etiquette education, Dong Zhongshu's reform can be said to keep pace with the times, his great unification, the doctrine of morality and punishment, has lasted for two thousand years.

"From Confucius, to Zigong, Zixia, to Xunzi, to Dongzi, and then to Mr. Longchuan's heart, this is the way of my work!"

In the end, Lin Yanchao made the final decision.

The scholars present were all amazed, and everyone heard this doctrine for the first time, and they all showed a look of dying at dawn and night.

I heard it.

Speaking of this, Lin Yanchao looked at the corona and still had some time, so he answered questions with his disciples.

Lin Yanchao still attaches great importance to speculation, otherwise he will know how to do it.

And Lin Yanchao's lecture is not to erect a universal and correct concept of his own, but to let students understand it by themselves. As long as you can overturn the old views that you have come up with and you can come up with a new view, it will be considered progress.

After answering a few questions from the disciples, Lin Yanchao left the class.

On the side, Xu Huobo recorded what Lin Yanchao said and the content of the Q&A with his disciples in his notes.

The disciples scrambled to take out Xu Huobo's notes and copy them.

After leaving the hall, these Lin Xue disciples couldn't wait to tell their classmates, fellow cases, and teachers about the Taoism that Lin Yanchao preached today.

It didn't take long for the Taoist theory to spread to the ears of the scholars in the capital.

Lin Yanchao referred to Zhu Xi's deeds and learned the Taoist theory, which caused a sensation in the capital.

Of course, as soon as this theory came out, Lin Xuemen, the believers of Gongxue applauded, from this matter of Gongxue, not a lonely soul and a wild ghost, we are also a Confucian lineage!

Even the Confucian students, who originally looked down on the study of merit, also had a new understanding of the study of merit after reading it at night, at least they did not dare to take 'meritocracy' as a wild fox Zen.

But some people also asked, Lin Sanyuan put forward the theory of Taoism, does it mean to let the study of merit, compete with science, and psychology? Is this to see who is the authentic Confucian sect handed down by Confucius?

There are also people who see the mystery, Lin Sanyuan has a good will! Saying that the study of merit from Confucius, Zigong, Zixia, Xunzi, Dong Zi, Chen Longchuan, and Ye Xinshui has been established and then passed down to this day, doesn't the implication mean that he inherited the Taoist system of merit? To inherit Confucius, Xunzi, and Dong Zi Daotong?

Even if he is Lin Sanyuan, this tone is really too arrogant. Many people shook their heads, but they still read the article carefully.

As for many scholars of science, they scolded loudly, this unified theory, clearly tampering with the meaning of the ancestors, Zigong, Zixia only said a few words, and you also cited them as sages of merit, which is simply unreasonable.

As for Xunzi, he was almost expelled from the Confucian wall, and he was also passed on by you as a scholar.

There is also Dong Zhongshu's contribution to Confucianism, although he is a great contribution, but no one in later generations of Confucians said that he inherited his academic system, and everyone knows why.

Therefore, after reading Lin Yanchao's article, they were ready to criticize them verbally and penally.

Despite their verbal and written criticisms, they had to admit that although this unified theory was full of 'fallacies,' it was easy to 'deceive people's minds,' and they had to face it squarely, and they had to make Confucianism 'clear from its roots' through severe criticism.

In any case, as soon as the theory of unification came out, it naturally caused the further popularity of the study of merit among the people, and the number of people who studied forestry was even larger. Shilin generally believes that Lin Yanchao can be called everyone whether it is articles or scriptures.

There are various articles about "Annotations on Ancient Texts of Shangshu" and Lin Yanchao in the major bookstores in the capital, which are sold out again.

The bookstore owner had to urgently order the bookstore to reprint.

At this moment, the daily lecturer of the Forbidden City is on duty.

Wang Jiaping, Zhu Geng, Huang Fengxiang and other Japanese lecturers were sitting and drinking tea and chatting.

Not long after the opening of the printing day, everyone has some work-to-work syndrome, and the ancients are the same, and the Japanese lecturer is no exception.

Zhu Geng took a sip of tea and said to Wang Jiaping, Huang Fengxiang said: "A few days ago, the Ministry of Officials gave His Majesty an inscription, and asked His Majesty to make up for the number of speakers on the day, so as to make up the number of six people. In the inscription, please revise Zhang Sixiu, saying that he is skilled in history, proficient in the system of rules and regulations, and the speaker Luo Wanhua is upright and upright, and he is the champion appointed by the first emperor, and he is a good choice for the alternate Japanese speaker. ”

Wang Jiaping couldn't help but say after hearing this: "Isn't this matter obvious? Luo Wan turned into a upright person, did not make good friends with internal officials, and did not like the inner court. Therefore, the officials only pushed Zhang Si to mend the position of the Japanese speaker, which was also Gu Quanyuanfu's face. ”

Zhu Geng smiled and said: "Yes, but today the Son of Heaven issued an order to reprimand the Ministry of Rites, saying that the topic is invited to the Japanese speaker, who has always been a matter of the Cabinet Hanlin Academy, and now the Cabinet has not spoken, why does the Ministry of Officials overstep the bounds?" ”

Wang Jiaping and Huang Fengxiang both stroked their palms and smiled: "The officials want to please Yuanfu, but they are lifting a stone to shoot themselves in the foot." ”

Zhu Geng nodded and said, "But I see that Your Majesty is clearly reprimanding the officials, but the Holy Will still wants Zong Hai to recover one day and come back to serve as a lecturer." ”

Hearing Zhu Geng's words, Wang Jiaping and Huang Fengxiang were silent.

"Difficult!" All three shook their heads.

Wang Jiaping said: "If I was also in the Wuying Hall that day, I would have stood up to support Zong Hai." ”

Zhu Geng said: "Uncle Zhong, don't be angry, this time the edict matter, Your Majesty is annoyed with Zong Hai, but in addition to being annoyed, he is even more worried about the feelings of the monarch and the minister, and Zong Hai will have a comeback in the future." The "

Huang Fengxiang frowned and said: "But this time, Your Majesty has rewarded our five speakers alone, but not Zonghai, what does this mean?" ”

Wang Jiaping said with a smile: "Ming Zhou, if Your Majesty rewards Zong Hai, it will be the end of the favor." deliberately didn't appreciate it, but it can be seen that His Majesty was just putting on a show of being annoyed, in order to take care of Yuanfu's face. ”

Zhu Geng said with a smile: "Uncle Zhong understands things clearly, and I admire them very much." ”

Huang Fengxiang also said: "What Uncle Zhong said is extremely true, but it is ......"

Huang Fengxiang sighed.

"But what?" Zhu Geng and Wang Jiaping asked together.

Huang Fengxiang said: "I'm afraid it's not Your Majesty who is annoyed with Zong Hai, but Zong Hai himself is disheartened. In the past few days, Lin Yanchao has received a wide range of disciples, and has lectured in the school hall next to Guozijian, it seems that he intends to lecture and does not plan to return to the court. ”

Wang Jiaping exclaimed: "There is such a thing? ”

Huang Fengxiang said: "That's true, a few days ago I also went to Zonghai Mansion to pay a visit, I see that he did not have the slightest frustration in his career, but talked with me about self-cultivation, flowers, birds, fish and insects. ”

Zhu Geng's eyes narrowed, with his understanding of Lin Yanchao, he didn't believe that Lin Yanchao really planned to retire. It's just that Zhu Geng said on his face: "Zong Hai is the time to make great achievements, if he really has the intention of retreating, wouldn't it be a loss for the court, and the court will have one less minister who is honest and outspoken." ”

Wang Jiaping pinched his beard and said: "Not necessarily, I think Zong Hai's move may be to retreat as advance." ”

Huang Fengxiang said: "Even if you retreat as advance, you can't lecture openly." It is impossible for Zong Hai not to know that lecturing in private is a taboo for Yuanfu! ”

Wang Jiaping waved his hand and said: "If Zong Hai is an official, he will touch the taboo of Yuanfu, and he will give people a handle, but now that he is in the opposition, it is not a big deal to lecture in private." ”

Huang Fengxiang said: "That's what I said, but Zong Hai will one day be reinstated, and his lecture is not a clear carriage and horse, but a lecture with his ambition, and he does not plan to return to the court." ”

Several people discussed for a while, but they didn't know what Lin Yanchao had to think.