"People of insight often say that there is nothing more harmful in the world than annexation. The rich have no land, and the poor have no place to stand. There is no land, the cultivator plants a grain of millet in the spring, harvests 10,000 seeds in the autumn, there is no idle land in the four seas, and the farmer starves to death. Everyone knows that land annexation is harmful and difficult for the world to do, but it is impossible to restrain it. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the world was evenly distributed, so what? Zhumen's wine and meat stink, there are frozen bones on the road, and the harm of the merger is getting worse and worse. This dynasty did not establish a land system and did not suppress annexation, and in less than a hundred years, the disaster of annexation was unavoidable. It can be seen that the land is not even, and it is not so useful for mergers, and the benefits are only one or two generations. When the country was first founded, it was of great use to stabilize the world, and if you want to maintain long-term peace and stability, I am afraid it will be difficult. ”

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao shook his head. In an agrarian society, the natural value of land was preserved, and the later the dynasty, the more difficult it was to reclaim the land, and the more stable the value of the existing land, the land would be concentrated in some people, and most people would become hired farmers. In industrial society, this can be done as long as the house has the nature of land. At that time, the land was rented, and then the tenants became tenants. The nature of the land, such as the basic stability of quantity, scarcity, necessity for the demander farmers, can be easily traded, and replaced with houses, the landlord has completed a gorgeous turn, the most typical such as Hong Kong. Those who have extra houses are landlords, real estate developers are big landlords, a few are small landlords, those who live in their own houses are yeoman farmers, those who rent other people's houses are hired farmers, those who share houses are lower-class hired peasants, and those who cannot afford to rent can only live in dormitories or they will sleep on the streets. The fundamentals of society have not changed, but they have changed, and everyone is still living in the past.

When the price of land is high, it will naturally fall? That's not high enough. As long as it is so high that the vast majority of people can't afford it, and only a few landlords can buy it, it will naturally not fall. Most of the landlords have formed a consensus, this is used to maintain value, how much land is owned by wealth, someone sells it and there are always many people to buy, it can be traded at any time, and the high land price can be maintained. It's the same with houses, there are no other financial means involved, there is no strong intervention by the regime, and the price can go up forever. Will it fall? As long as the vast majority of people can't afford it, it's fine. It is believed that housing prices will inevitably fall because of financial characteristics and are affected by other financial means, after all, people who own many properties are also players in the financial market.

If a conclusion is derived from an incomparably complicated process, and the vast majority of people in the world do not know what to do, then this conclusion should not be ignored. Things in the world are simple and complex, but the conclusions should be simple and testable, such as the knowledge of natural science. If the conclusion is not verifiable, the process is too complex to understand, and most of them serve some people. Even if it wasn't, it would have been changed to yes by the powerful.

This is the case with a lot of knowledge and conclusions in sociology and economics, and ordinary people can ignore it. The head of the story is the Tao, and the way to deal with it is actually simple and straightforward. The corresponding land annexation is the field service, and the corresponding house annexation is public rental housing.

Thinking of this, Du Zhongxiao smiled self-deprecatingly and said to the two: "Don't talk too much, drink, drink." ”

When I first went to Jingxi Road, what I wanted was to arrange the redundant van army and reclaim the idle land, and I didn't know until I did the rest.

Wang Anshi and Han Jiang knew that Du Zhongxiao was about to leave with his troops, and when they said this today, they were teaching their knowledge and impressions in the past few years. If it weren't for the heart, who would tell others this.

After a while of wine and food, Du Zhongxiao said: "Speaking of which, for other people, for those of us who govern, the core of this is still savings. As long as the people's savings are not handled well, after a long time, there will be a big mess. If the official grabs the people's wealth, there will be chaos. If the government gives money to the people, there will still be chaos. If the officials ignore the people's wealth, it is a merger, which will become more and more intense, and eventually the world will be in chaos. This is the foundation of chaos, and those who are in power have to check it. ”

"Unless the common people have nothing, they will face two things if they have money in their hands. The first is to maintain value, and the money in your hands will not be lost. How many copper coins have been minted in dynasties over thousands of years? There is not enough money in the market. Good money is not seen, but bad money and iron money are used happily, and many places even only accept grain and cloth. This dynasty mints millions of dollars every year, and even the cost plus freight is actually losing money now. If you make money, you will lose money, where can you believe this kind of thing? But there are real ones. If you want not to lose money, you have all seen the way, and the issuance of money is introduced. As long as there is enough copper in the hands of the imperial court, the copper from the mine can enter the imperial court, and continuous casting is also exempted. At this time, let the people save the money they have accumulated in the savings house, which will be kept by the imperial court, and as long as the value is maintained, a big problem will be solved. Another problem faced by the people is that they will pass on their money to their children and grandchildren. As long as the court is not greedy for ink, according to the current money, the money in the savings house can be inherited by the children. ”

Wang Anshi frowned and said: "In this case, the money of the savings bank and Chang Ping Division has preserved the value of the savings, what is the problem?" ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "Another problem is unevenness. It is not enough to talk about the merger of land and the unevenness of land, it is only because the land retains its value the most. Just change to something that holds value, such as currency, and you can slow it down. ”

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao laughed himself. If the currency can maintain its value, most of the people's savings will be concentrated in the currency, after all, this method is simple and straightforward. The house is a sign of wealth, and the first thing to ask when you get married is whether you have a house, how many suites you have, where it is, and whether it is a school district house. Converted into currency, that's how much deposit there is, it's much simpler. Further, when the value of the labor force is maintained, ask how many people you have in your family, how many strong laborers. Knowledge is wealth? It used to be. The marrying person asks what academic qualifications, whether he is a college student, and what school college student.

These things are funny to say, but in fact, they have all happened before, and real life is always so humorous.

"However, there is a problem with the use of currency to preserve value, that is, there are too many influencing factors. If the imperial court wants to preserve the value of the currency, it is too tired, there are too many restrictions, and many things cannot be done, and it always has to change the means. Even if you are willing to suffer for a while, you will always give up after a long time. Because it is too easy for the imperial court to manipulate the currency, the temptation is too great. ”

Han Jiang smiled: "That's nature. With just a few sheets of paper, you can buy everything, which one can hold on! ”

Du Zhongxiao also smiled. Wang Anshi didn't smile, because in his opinion, it wasn't too difficult to hold back. Very people have very ideas.

Du Zhongxiao said: "It is so difficult to maintain the value of currency, and the use of land to maintain value will cause mergers, resulting in instability in the world, so what is better to use to maintain value?" When I think about it, there is only one other thing, and that is debt. ”

Wang Anshi frowned: "Debt? Who issues bonds? ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "Of course it's the imperial court." The state can issue treasury bonds, Changping Division can issue road bonds, and states can issue state bonds. As long as these debts can be repaid, they can retain their value and, for most people, they can replace the fields. With other means of preserving value, the price of the land is linked to the annual output and taxes, and there is always a limit to the increase. As long as the imperial court adjusted the tax on land, it could intervene in the price of land and inhibit annexation. The price of land cannot be raised, the price of employees is limited, and there is no benefit in having more land. If there are other places in the world that hire people, you can want to live a family, and the customers have other places to go, who wants to be angry with those big families? This is the story of what happened in Zaoyang County. ”

Han Jiang asked: "How do you spend the borrowed money when you have a debt?" If there is no income, won't it become a court subsidy for the people? Using the money of the imperial court to keep the value of the people is a bottomless abyss, and no amount of money is enough. ”

"Yes, if you issue debts and borrow money, you always have to have a place to invest, otherwise the court will pay the money in vain, but it won't work. That's what I just talked about, such as arranging fields, building bridges and paving roads, building factories such as iron supervisors, and so on. The imperial court governs the world, if the debt as a whole loses money, does the governor still have something to say? As long as the overall profit is made, the debt can maintain its value for a long time, replace the land, and inhibit mergers. However, the borrowed money is not for the court to make up for the shortage of money and food, but must have a specific place to go and see benefits in the future. If not, it will be a bottomless abyss. ”

Wang Anshi shook his head: "What is the difference between issuing bonds and printing money?" In the end, it was the same, and it couldn't go on. ”

"Of course it's different. Printing money is difficult to manage, but issuing bonds is much simpler, and it is easy to control from top to bottom. In the final analysis, it is still the ruler who understands in his own heart and must be responsible, otherwise everything will be empty after all. It's just that the political affairs are complicated, so I just think of a simple solution. If not, wouldn't it be the same if you directly use money to preserve value? It's just that it's too difficult, and it involves too much energy. ”

The government debt can be used as a simple preservation, that is, it is used as a private preservation, and the development credit of the government can replace land and houses, everything and so on. Of course, what Wang Anshi said is right, issuing bonds is as simple as printing money, it is not for the purpose of maintaining the value of the people, and the management is simple, and it is completely unnecessary. It's another thing for the regime's debts to become poison if it weren't for the preservation of value. Death is death, and it has nothing to do with means.

There are two sources for official assets to be invested in infrastructure to preserve and increase the value of infrastructure and open up more areas for social development. One is the fiscal surplus, and the other is the debt for the sake of preserving its value. If debt is used for other purposes, whether it is to feed on food or to solve the crisis, it has nothing to do with solving the problem fundamentally.

Whether or not the views on these issues are fundamentally for the benefit of the people determines the understanding. This is also why people who care about the countryside either feel that they need to be farmed and let the peasants become agricultural workers. Either they sit in the position of the landlord and advocate the village sages, or they don't want to think about what the peasants and those who are about to leave the status of peasants want.