"Those who make money, springs, accumulate a lot, like rivers and rivers covering the world. A creek and a river are both rivers, but there is a fundamental difference, the creek is murmuring, and the river is rushing and rushing. For those in power, managing money is very different from a family. The small people only hope that they have more money, and they have savings in addition to daily use. And for those in power, whether it is within their means or within their means, they simply have to spend all their money. If you don't spend it, it's useless to save it. If it is not enough to spend, the small people will borrow, how can the rulers borrow? When encountering difficulties for a while, you can open up sources and reduce expenditure, you can increase taxes, you can print more money, in short, the money comes from the people. It is to issue debts to the imperial court, not for the purpose of borrowing, but for other purposes. It should be clear that official debts such as national debts have never been used by the imperial court to borrow money from others. ”

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao raised his head and drank a glass of wine, looking at the 10,000-year-old Han water flowing outside the window. This river is the source of the name of the Han Dynasty, and it is also the source of the name of the later Han people. The ancients didn't know where it came from or where it went, so they called it Tianhan. I came here as an official, and after a lot of things, I made some achievements, but the officialdom and life were calm. In this calm, I learned a lot and learned a lot of things.

In the past two months, I decided to transfer and leave, reorganize, and have a lot of ideas. In the past few years, some of my own governance has been intentional, some unintentional, and I have thought of many things when I sorted it out. There is a lot of disturbance in the world, and many things are for a good word. The government is complicated, and many things are for a money. As long as the rulers sort out the money policy, many things will be solved.

After being silent for a while, Du Zhongxiao said: "Talking so much to the two of you today, in fact, I am thinking about it these days, how can the court have long-term peace and stability?" For the world, how can it be peaceful? For the people, how can they live and work in peace and contentment? ”

Wang Anshi laughed when he heard this: "We don't read the books of sages and sages, and become officials, who doesn't want to be like this?" ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "Yes, everyone wants to, but few people do it, and few people can come up with a way." ”

Han Jiang said: "Listen to what you say, you have come up with a way?" It's rare today, and we're listening. ”

Du Zhongxiao smiled and said, "It's not necessarily right, there are too many things to do, and it is inevitable that you will have some ideas." Since ancient times, the affairs of the three dynasties in ancient times are not detailed, and the historical materials of the Shang and Zhou dynasties still exist, so you can roughly know one or two. Shang and Zhou were both feudal states and feudal. The Son of Heaven is the co-lord of the world, and he divides his surnames into various places, and the world has its own place. There are candidates under the Son of Heaven, doctors under the candidates, scholars under the doctors, fathers to sons, children to grandchildren, and hope that the children and grandchildren will be passed on to all generations. The first emperor Fen VI Yu Lie, swept the eight wildernesses and made Liuhe, and returned to the world under one unification. Since then, although there have been repeated for more than 1,000 years, the division of the world is unpopular, and the great unification has become the consensus of the world. As for today, the counties and counties in the world have no feudalism except for the Tibetan Department. Now that we are discussing ways to govern the country, we should look forward, promote the great unification of the world, and break away from feudalism. If feudalism is broken, many things will not exist. ”

Han Jiang smiled and shook his head: "Under the rule of this dynasty, all are counties, officials are liuguan, and officials are subordinate officials, how can there be feudalism?" ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "The officials of this dynasty are not feudal, but the officials are feudal, everyone knows about this, is it just to say it?" The characters that ordinary people come into contact with are the servants, so how can there be no feudalism? If there is no servant to listen to the order, what is the official in the eyes of the people? ”

This sounded a bit harsh, and several people did not speak for a while. Although the words are ugly, the truth is the same. Without his subordinate officials to follow orders, what can be done locally with just a few officials? If there is no public servant to hold it, what is the official in the eyes of the people?

Du Zhongxiao said: "Officials are in the locality, governing the government is to govern the people, and pure customs are education, and the most important thing is these two things." It's all officials who use various methods to do these two things well, and as for what the people think, whether they are happy or not, they actually don't care much. Qin used the technique of the Legalists, and after dominating the world, he died in the second generation, and everyone knew its harm. The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, in fact, it was not only the Han Dynasty, but all the Qin politics were practiced for hundreds of generations, and the method changed, but the essence did not change. What is Qin Politics? It is from top to bottom, a stick is stabbed from the court to the place. If the court is not able to handle it, there are public officials to help do things, and at the same time to hold up the officials from the court. There is feudalism among officials, but the court has no way to break the last local feudalism. This is just a matter of method, as long as the strength of the imperial court is strong, the last feudalism can also be broken. In the Qin period, all the above meanings were respected, and the small officials could also be non-feudal, and the servants could also be levied from afar. As long as they are not in their own territory, they are part of the imperial court, and this does not prevent the unification. ”

Han Jiang frowned: "So, feudalism is to save money?" Qin II died, and when he died, the strong army was still there, and the treasures were piled up. ”

Du Zhongxiao shook his head: "It's not right to say that you save money, but to save trouble." The feudalism of the world, as long as it is compared with the imperial court, like the stars and the moon competing with the sun, it is not enough to threaten the imperial court. Even if it is Zhou, if the feudal states do not annex each other, they are only small states, how can they threaten the Zhou family? Push the feudalism to the county, and even to the local forces, the world is not chaotic, can they still turn the sky upside down? As long as they are stabilized, this stick stabbed by the court will be too peaceful. In this way, it is the politics of Qin, and the governance of the world is from top to bottom, and the Zhou law is used, which is not completely unified, and there are feudalism in the locality. Large families can inherit for hundreds of years and control the locality, but they are powerless to resist the imperial court. Now the world is worried about internal and external troubles, the past two years have been better, in the past few years, money and food have been consumed, money is lacking everywhere, and the looting has been ruthless, and there is a lot of chaos. There is a strong enemy outside the Khitan, and the party is chaotic, adding to the external troubles. People of insight have their wisdom and expressed their opinions to improve the methods of government administration. Now it seems that most of them are unreliable. ”

"It's fundamentally the same, and no good way is useless. Even if it is saved for a while, after a long time, it will become a harm. In the meantime, the core is nothing more than two words. The first word is money, the second word is power, and the combination of power and money is feudal. Why? The imperial court is unified, and if there are people outside the imperial court, who have both power and money, it will be self-contained, and if the imperial court cannot control it, it will become feudal. Officials have feudalism is like this, the big local families have money, and they have the power to be officials, although they are managed by officials sent by the imperial court, they are still feudal. ”

said that a person has a feudal style and a feudal ideology, which Du Zhongxiao is familiar with. But at that time, feudalism was not the original meaning of the word, the essence was a foreign word, which meant conservative and patriarchalism, which actually had little to do with the feudalism of the original meaning of Chinese. The historical understanding of the division of society into layers, from primitive society to slave society, and then from feudal society to capitalism and socialism, is foreign, regardless of ideology, and regards the history of Europe as the only historical understanding. In fact, most parts of the world are not like that, and with certain transformations, most places can barely fit in. However, China, which has a long tradition of great unification, will not adapt to this template everywhere, and it will be awkward to look at history and understand reality. The person who put forward historical materialism also made it clear at the time that this was the history of Europe, and he did not know whether this was the case in the far East. Historical materialism must first seek truth from facts, and must not distort history, otherwise the understanding obtained will be far from reality.

The argument of feudal landlords makes sense, because after the great unification of China, Qin lost its power, and later dynasties took a step back and retained local feudalism. Of course, there is a process, from the local tyrant to the development of the family noble, and it has taken hundreds of years. After the Tang Dynasty, the aristocracy did not exist, and the small landlords arose, and slowly developed into a feudal side, which also lasted for hundreds of years. The Song Dynasty was a time of change, the feudalism of small landlords had just begun to take shape, and it would be very ridiculous to divide feudal society and capitalist society into historical stages to guide social reality. Most of the political and historical knowledge that Du Zhongxiao learned was of little use to the reform of this era. But the analytical methods, especially those with the means of production as the core, the productive forces and the relations of production, are very useful. The difference is the change of one's own identity. No longer with the savior of mankind and history, the representative of the natural future, this savior vision, but with an ordinary person, the world is naturally different.

European culture is naturally religious, and atheism is no different. It is their consistent tradition to believe in gods and saviors if science does not progress, and to believe in Scientology when science progresses. The social system developed by this culture, from the top down, must be constantly canonized, and the saints can be stabilized. Otherwise, the foundations of religion will collapse. Whatever the doctrine, this is true of the culture that came from Europe. The system of great unification requires the constant emergence of saints, or the dispersion of the Church, the autonomy of all localities, and the reverse from the bottom to the top.

Therefore, when Europeans colonize other places, the first thing they consider is whether they are facing the indigenous people, whether they are human beings. And people will not be of the same mind, the same heart, and they will not get along in harmony. They called the place they found the New World, and the natives on it were not people, but extra-human beings who could be cut down and driven away at will. In the end, I found that people who were different from them lived together, and the first thing I was confused about was what a person was and what a person was like.

Separated from the European-dominated civil community, a Chinese person will not have such confusion. With that kind of vision, it is still difficult to understand the world, let alone transform the world. It took a long time for Du Zhongxiao to slowly come out of the feudal society that had been set up step by step, and then to re-understand what he was facing and understand the previous knowledge.