Chapter 191: Three Paths
At the time of the uprising of the officers of Yicheng, an extremely important meeting was being held in the city of Eyi, and the participants were all the ink people who went to Chu to serve in the city.
For the world, reconstruction is the goal, and it is only the means to break the old.
This is also the reason why the military strength of the Sishang Mo family has been able to completely crush the Chu State, but it has been delayed for so long before it starts, in order to quickly re-establish a new order after it is broken.
The purpose of this meeting was to convey the resolution of an important meeting in Si last month, and to discuss the actual situation in Hubei.
Hubei is the key to the world, and it is also the gate of Jianghan, this will be the first stop of the Mo family's reform in the Chu State, and it is also the first shot to open the door, and it is extremely important whether it can be fought well.
In addition, Sishang intended to use Eyi as the seat of the new county of Chu.
On the one hand, there are coal, Dayeshan iron mine, Dayeshan copper mine, gold mine, and the Yangtze River waterway, which is the most suitable place for the development of basic industries in the whole Chu, and the conditions are excellent.
On the other hand, it is also to prevent the situation of separating Jiang and Han in the future, Hubei is still underdeveloped at this time, and it is necessary to immigrate in large numbers; And its location is at the key point, and it is almost surrounded by enemies on all sides, so it is the most difficult to divide as a county rule.
As for the meeting on Chu Di a month ago, it was an important meeting on how to take the future line.
Seven years ago, with the help of the Fengchi Society, which ended without a problem, began to clean up the non-offensive factions in Sishang, and gradually reached a synonym, but new contradictions have also arisen.
Seven years ago, some members of the Mo family began to turn to the peasant family, and the differences between the Mo family and the peasant family about the future construction of the world became more and more serious.
The Mo family criticized the peasant family as a utopian dream, and the peasant criticized the Mo family for overthrowing the aristocracy and supporting the workshop owner, and also accused the Mo family of being the number one big workshop owner and big businessman in the world, and the two sides quarreled.
The situation in Sishang is very special, in order to meet the needs of the war, the rural areas of Sishang adopt a system similar to the cooperatives, and the people in the rural areas of Sishang are both hired laborers and landowners, under which the stability of the soldier population and the production of grain are guaranteed, and the village community can organize capital and labor to develop some light industries.
Such as papermaking, charcoal, lime, winemaking, textiles and other industries, coupled with the adjustment of monetary policy and the replacement of monetary taxes in kind, as well as the blood-sucking policy on the surrounding areas, the development of Sishang is much higher than elsewhere, quite a bit of paradise scene.
But the situation around Sishang is different.
After the change of the Song Kingdom, the Song Kingdom, which was closest to Sishang, was most deeply influenced by Sishang, and was most affected by the industrial and commercial development of Sishang, and swept away some of the remnants of the aristocracy, underwent great changes.
All schools of thought were experimenting with an ideal society in the Song Kingdom, with the exception of Confucianism, which was retro.
And the entire Song Kingdom also saw three different modes of development.
The first model is the closest place to Sishang, where the transformation of the scholars and nobles was first completed.
They chose to support the Mo family during the Song Revolution, and their development was closely related to Sishang.
With the development of industry and commerce in Sishang, they began to operate their own fiefdoms, expand their private fields, and adopted many means to squeeze the farmers on the fiefdoms.
They had assets that allowed them to buy cattle and horses, iron tools and tools, expand their planting areas, and sell grain, cotton, and so on to Sishang.
And the source of their wealth is mainly the farmers in the fiefdoms.
On the one hand, the peasants chose to flee to Sishang, supplementing the cheap labor force urgently needed for the development of industry and commerce in Sishang. On the other hand, benefiting from this remnant of the old system of fiefdoms, these nobles also completed the transformation and became the operators of large lands, providing a steady stream of raw materials and food for Sishang.
After the coup d'état of the Song Kingdom, the interests of these people did not move, and a group of people at the bottom who were unwilling to endure fled to Sishang, while the rest gradually began to adapt to this kind of hired labor life.
In the second mode, the land is distributed according to the population and allowed to be bought and sold in a place a little further away from Sishang, completely shattering the original land.
Within a few years, a sharp gap between the rich and the poor began to appear, and under various factors, the rich became richer and the poor became poorer.
The rich began to raise horses and cattle, accumulate fertilizer, and be able to grow various crops to cooperate with the industrial and commercial development of Sishang; The poor were not well managed, and the slightest accident made it difficult to sustain themselves, and eventually sold their land.
Some of the wealthy owned hundreds of acres of land and began to hire agricultural laborers.
The poor either became hired laborers or fled to Sishang. In just seven or eight years, although it is not too serious, the traces are already very obvious.
Both of these models are tacitly approved or even supported by Sishang.
On the one hand, there is no need to worry about instability, and the ruling ability and financial capacity of Sishang, even if industry and commerce do not develop, are enough to absorb the new land reclamation of these populations.
On the other hand, the rapid development of industry and commerce in Sishang requires raw materials, food, and people to work.
In particular, with the expansion of armaments in the past seven years, industry and commerce have developed more rapidly. Cotton cloth textiles, wood processing, shipbuilding, oilseeds, patent leather, and other industries closely related to the expansion of armaments and warfare have developed extremely rapidly, with huge profits, and there is a shortage of people everywhere.
However, as a stable soldier, the policy of the village community in Sishang did not allow the situation of the Song State to occur, and the population of Sishang in the past 30 years was not considered to have migrated and fled, and the natural growth was far greater than before, but it was still difficult to make up for such a large labor gap.
Coupled with the policy tilt to protect the stability of the Sishang village community, it is even more impossible to obtain a large number of cheap people from the local area.
After the synonymous meeting seven years ago, the morality of the phased development of the "Promised Land" was also determined, making both models an attempt under special circumstances.
This kind of attempt was beneficial to Sishang, but it was naturally not beneficial for the poor farmers who lost their land and fled.
The remnants of the village community tradition and the ideology of the well field system in the Spring and Autumn Period have a bit of a reactionary meaning for some landless.
For example, ideas such as the prohibition of land in village communities from buying and selling, the regranting of land after death, and the autonomy of village communities have also begun to spread.
As a result, a third model emerged, which was somewhat similar to the village community system in Sishang but completely different.
This model can be regarded as an attempt of peasant utopia, which is completely contrary to the path of the Mohists to promote the development of industry and commerce and the budding of enlightenment.
On the one hand, the peasants did not attach importance to the handicraft industry, believing that the market should be the same price, and the sages and the people cultivated together, and their starting point was not to lay the foundation for the development of industry and commerce by concentrating capital, but to look back on a reactionary fantasy.
On the other hand, the local industry and commerce controlled by the peasants were underdeveloped, and they were always in a position of being dumped, but they did not concentrate their forces, and of course they did not have the strength to develop industry and commerce.
If it is in a remote area or far away from Sishang, an area with extremely developed industry and commerce, this kind of utopian fantasy of a small country and a widowed village community and a self-government can also be realized. But it was too close to Sishang, and under the huge impact, there were too many problems.
In itself, it is a kind of egalitarian fantasy of Togu, and the peasant's set belongs to the fear of social change. On the one hand, you have to endure the exploitation of the aristocratic feudal system, and on the other hand, you have to bear the profits of the industrialists and merchants, and the distance is too close to Sishang, if there is no problem, it will be a ghost.
The investment in the village community model in Sishang is too large, the literate population is too much, and the surrounding environment for industrial and commercial development is needed.
Therefore, when the state of Chu is about to be broken and the form is very good, a choice must be made, what will the model of the world look like in the future?
It is not possible to completely follow the model of Sishang, because the situation is different in different places, and it is impossible to look at it the same; The second is that the development model of Sishang is actually economic colonial expansion, sucking the blood of the surrounding and the world's Kyushu to raise a state, if the world is regarded as a whole, then this model will not work.
The principle established at the beginning of the war against Chu was to take the second road and abandon the first and third roads.
That is, the abandonment of "the aristocracy using the feudal labor privileges of the fiefdom and transforming through the development of industry and commerce and the exploitation of the peasants" will inevitably retain a large number of feudal remnants.
The "retro" Ida system of mura community variants was also abandoned.
In other words, we should adopt a development policy of land division, wealth differentiation, and natural annexation.
On the one hand, there are fewer people and more land, and if something really happens, there is land in the surrounding area that can be immigrated, as long as the governing ability is strong enough, no matter how many times the population is, it will be no problem.
The second is that it will help the development of industry and commerce, as long as the handicraft revolution can be completed before the endurance and endurance explode, and the steam engine can be turned in a hundred years, then there will be no problem.
Therefore, on the one hand, Sishang has increased its investment in the machinery factory, including a series of investments such as cast iron technology and boring machine knives, and a large number of literate students have been sent to study it, and at any cost they have come up with things that can be practical and not only used in coal mines.
On the other hand, in order to be able to cope with the reunification war, which may last for more than a decade or even decades, we must not allow such a merger to occur too early.
At the same time, it is necessary to make the people of Chu feel the real benefits and determine the improvement of living standards, which requires huge investment.
Fortunately, the Mo family has been preparing for 30 years in order to fight this battle, not only talent reserves, new culture and moral systems, new ethics, population, soldiers, but also a lot of wealth.
This time, the reform led in the Chu State was mainly based on granting land and dividing land, on the one hand, it was necessary to completely sweep away the remnants of the nobility of the Qing State, and on the other hand, it was necessary to pay attention to the village community traditions in the backward areas of the Chu State.
The core area of aristocratic rule, simple.
On the contrary, there are remnants of village communities in backward areas, which is quite difficult.
The disintegration of the village community tradition is a long process, and the Lusong and other countries have almost collapsed, but some remote areas of the Chu State still remain.
On the one hand, the village community is a small society, the world in the eyes of the people of the village community, and a series of problems such as the aspirations of the village, the backwardness of autonomy, and the birth, old age, sickness and death are all solved in the village community.
On the other hand, it is also underdeveloped, so that private ownership has not completely dismantled the village community system, and in such a situation it is easy to give birth to a patriarchal reactionary utopian system, which must be swept away.
The most brutal solution was to merge the villages, distribute land, strictly manage them, quickly disintegrate the primitive village communities, and recognize the private land system in the Central Plains. This works quickly, but it requires a lot of expenditure, a big backlash, and a rebellion.
The slower solution is to be gentle, grant wasteland, foster agricultural implements and technology, and change moderately, using a longer period of time, relying on the progress of productivity and the industrial and commercial development of the surrounding cities, to gradually disintegrate.
The disadvantages are that it is difficult to achieve effective control over the village community, it cannot burst out the full war potential of the Chu region, and the management may be chaotic, and most importantly, there are not so many cadres.
After a long discussion and calculation in Sishang, it was finally decided to choose the second method, after all, the developed area of the Jianghan Plain of the Chu State, cooperating with Sishang and dealing with the Yue State, was enough to provide a crushing advantage over the northern vassal states, and there was no need to fully exploit the full potential of the Chu land.
The rest of the evolution can be done slowly, not in a hurry, and the assimilation and fusion of the south can be done slowly over a long period of time.
It is only necessary to gain a firm foothold in the plains, develop production, and talk about the rest later, and for the more remote areas that dominate the country, give up first, regardless of the question. Stand in the plains and valleys, and leave the rest to posterity.
As the key point of the world, the reform here must be deepened, and as an important node for controlling Jianghan in the future, the reform of the entire Chu State must start from Hubei.
However, the situation in Edi is somewhat special, which makes the people who presided over the reform of Chu Di face a doubt: since it is determined that the second road will be taken, but the feudal monarch of Edi has completed the first road in a small area, what should I do?
The situation here is somewhat different because of its close proximity to the Dayeshan copper mine and the key point of trade between the Jianghan and Sishang trades of the Chu State.
Of course, there was a fiefdom mining and servitude system, and there were also some large-scale estates with slaves and slave laborers formed by the Ejun in order to obtain wealth, or to privately open copper mines for the production of grain.
Because the feudal monarch of Hubei could not be self-sufficient, he needed cotton cloth, muskets, iron tools, armor from Sishang, and a certain amount of grain to dig the copper mines in Daye Mountain privately, so this rather deformed land system appeared.
There are special people to manage, and the farmers who use slaves or lose their land for various reasons, or who forcibly deprive them of their land under the power of feudalism, are responsible for planting and harvesting.
There are tens of thousands of acres of land, all of which are good and fertile fields, and can be irrigated, and are not rented to farmers in small plots, but are operated on a large scale in exchange for various goods in Sishang.
Is this special case of land divided or not?