More than 20 days later.

In a village on the north bank of the Eyi River estuary.

The name of this village is Qi.

Celery, too. The riverside swamp here is rich in water celery, which is named after Qi, or Qichun.

Originally, in the history of later generations, the Han Dynasty had established a county, and when the Jin Dynasty avoided the Jin Emperor and his mother's A Chun, it was renamed Qiyang, and then after several tosses, it was finally changed back to Qichun.

At this time, this is not a county, but just a standard Chudi village community, or called Yi.

With the advent of the agricultural era, various village communities began to set up shrines for hundreds of years.

At this time, the village community can also be called Yi, Yi is just the meaning of the settlement, a hundred people can be called Yi, a thousand people can also be called Yi, but according to the custom of the Central Plains, this place should be called Qichun Township.

This is the fief of a sergeant in the Chu State, and it is a standard fief village community.

The nominal land of the whole society is a total of one percent, one hundred wells, that is, the original small acres of 90,000 acres of land, the so-called radius of ten miles.

This 90,000 acres is not an area of cultivated land.

However, "if it leads through the ditch, it is ten miles." If the ditch is removed, it will be eight miles."

The land of this village is nominally ten miles, but after removing ditches and roads, it is actually only eight miles.

The planting technology of Chu is lagging behind that of the Central Plains, and although some places have begun to learn the cultivation technology of the Central Plains, Qichun, a fashionable village community in remote areas, is still extremely backward.

Because of backwardness, it is necessary to "Yitian" fallow.

The earliest agricultural area in history that did not need to be fallow was the Wei State, including the Wei State, which also had some land that needed to be rotated every two years, not to mention the backward Chu State.

It is necessary to change the land and fallow the land, so that the 10th of the land of this village community can feed 900 households if it is not fallow, but it takes three years to change the land and fallow, so theoretically it can only feed 300 households.

And because of the existence of the ditch, the Shili village community only has eight miles of actual cultivated land, so such a standard village community has only nearly 200 formal members.

Count by household, not by person.

Two hundred households were to occupy a total of 65 wells, including land that needed to be fallow.

These lands are not transferable or sold, that is, these lands belong to the "King of Chu", and the farmers only have the right to use them but not the ownership.

There are a total of 100 wells in 100 wells, 65 wells are occupied by the members, and the remaining 35 wells belong to the "borrowed field".

Borrow, borrow.

Books, too.

These two are not the same thing.

The land with the prefix of bamboo is owned by each peasant household, which cannot be transferred and sold, and is owned by the king of Chu and distributed to the people for cultivation.

The borrowed land with the prefix grass is the public land that the whole village community needs to cultivate, and the borrowed land is the public land that is cultivated with the help of the people.

In other words, the whole village community belonged to the fief of the sergeant of the Chu State, and the sergeant could not theoretically encroach on the people's native land, but the people needed to cultivate the land collectively.

In the land of one percent, it is necessary to take a leather chariot, ten soldiers, 200 soldiers, and five war horses.

The sergeant was given the title of Yuqi, and his fortune was also taken out of the fief, including the war horses and carriages, which were nominally maintained by the thirty-five wells, that is, three hundred and fifty acres of land.

The village community nominally has the right to allocate a part of the grain from the public land to support the widows, the elderly and the poor because of the loneliness, widowhood, old and poor.

Therefore, the village community of the backward Chu State has a strong remnant of the Spring and Autumn period, and the village community is not only a military unit, but also a small community, of course, it can also be regarded as a nobleman's fief.

But it's all ideal.

This is not the case.

The sergeant fought and had his own family slaves, and in the early stage, he relied on the public land system, so that the people of the village community cultivated the public land, and then the sergeant used his own family slaves to cultivate the "public land", turning the public into private, and in fact, these lands became his private land.

However, the labor obligation of the people has not been lifted, so it is necessary to continue to cultivate land as public land every year.

A sergeant cannot only have himself, but also his own subordinates, slaves, etc., as well as subordinates such as two horses and pawn commanders.

These people were yeoman farmers and were not required to perform labor obligations, but instead they had a small number of privileges.

During the war, the king of Chu ordered to be recruited to the level of doctors, and the doctors were recruited to the sergeants, and the sergeants relied on their two horses and pawn chiefs in the village community to organize the people, prepare a leather cart, a few war horses, and the sergeant's own slaves to join the army of the king of Chu.

The life of a slave is not necessarily worse than that of a farmer in a village commune, but sometimes it is better.

In particular, the sergeant needs the elite private guards around him, and these slaves often assume the role of the elite around the sergeant, and then a large number of apprentices and cannon fodder.

The peasant had to bear a heavy feudal duty, not only to cultivate the public land, but also to raise horses, mow grass, repair houses for sergeants, prepare thatch for sergeants, make wine, make wood, cut wood, and a series of other activities.

The cost of fleeing is slightly higher, so as long as they can get by, these people will not choose to flee.

One is that people are social animals, and it is difficult for them to survive without society, Confucius Yu Taishan sighed that he was harsh and fierce than a tiger, and here he needs to face a series of terrible animals such as Chinese crocodiles, rhinoceros, tigers, etc.

The second is to monitor each other, and if they flee, the two horses and the chief of the pawn will not agree.

This constituted a standard low-ranking aristocratic fief similar to the well field system, and a basic combat unit composed of military nobles, noble servants and slaves, and peasant soldiers.

Of course, this is also a factor that the Chu State was beaten by the Three Jin Dynasty thirty years ago, and now it is easily attacked by the Mo family from the mouth of the Yangtze River to Ezhou.

There is a saying in "Yi" that says well, the so-called "change the town without changing the well, no loss and no gain", in fact, "Yi" is regarded as a reaction to the social phenomenon of that era rather than so mysterious, in fact, it is very simple to understand: Yi is a mining estate, the well is the land system production relations, a person because of unpopularity changed the mining estate, but did not change the production relations, in fact, it is still a change of soup and not a change of medicine, a change of aristocratic rule, or a bird, for the ruling class is no loss and no loss does not affect the rule.

This primitive village community system is in line with the original tradition and is theoretically perfect, but the problem is that the reality is never so perfect in theory.

The sergeants who occupied the land turned the public land into their own private land, and then continued to open up new public land as a military support.

The peasants followed the conquest and abandoned their land, leaving no surplus food at all, and no spare energy to cultivate more.

Sergeants can be rewarded with slaves and the like, and then continue to expand their private land, and continue to use feudal obligations to urge farmers to cultivate their private and public land.

This is why there is so much opposition to the change of law in various countries: the tax is levied according to the acreage, the private ownership system is recognized, and the sergeant pays more tax if he has more land; According to the kind of change of the child, check Tian Xun, if you are a sergeant, you can't own the land outside the thirty-five wells, so of course the nobles are against it.

And as a vassal state, before the emergence of technologies and trends of thought such as paper, private learning, printing, etc., the aristocracy was the ruling base of the vassal state, so the princes and princes could not move, and if they moved, it was equivalent to moving their own ruling base.

Therefore, the previous wars were also about to be fought and began to be recruited.

After the order was given, the nobles of each mining province followed the expedition with their own military obligations.

After the war, the military nobles rode in a chariot and stormed, and the servants and slaves followed, fought and won or lost, and then went home.

This was the case until the productivity of the Central Plains progressed, which made it unnecessary to change the fields every three years, made the production of agricultural tools gradually unsuitable for this system, and made the farmers unwilling to cultivate public land and wanted to open up private land, so various changes began.

The luck of the Qichun Society is good, at least it is better than the luck of the farmers in the fiefdom of the feudal lord near Eyi, at least the impact of the progress of the times has less impact here, and the evil of the progress of the times has affected the land near the feudal monarch of Edi first.

The peasants of the villages and communities in the land suffered greatly, and in a nutshell, the peasants there were exploited by the fiefdom aristocracy and the industry and commerce of Sishang, causing them to suffer prematurely the evils and darkness of the new era.

The feudal monarchs of Edi needed to buy handicrafts and munitions from Sishang, and in addition to copper, they could exchange raw materials such as cotton, grain, and indigo.

So he began to enclose the land, forced labor, leaving the village farmer with three to five acres of land to plant crops such as sweet potatoes and potatoes from Shangsi to ensure that he would not starve to death, and then cultivate his rapidly expanding private land.

Large-scale use of some agricultural technology and machinery in Sishang to grow commercial grain or cotton, and go to Sishang to exchange muskets and gunpowder; Grow a certain amount of food to ensure that you need to feed the slave laborers in the Daye Mountain Copper Mine.

This is also one of the reasons why Sishang acquiesced to the Song nobles to occupy the land in the first place...... The land reform and self-cultivation will not increase the commercial grain harvested, on the contrary, the homesteaders will choose to eat well first; The aristocracy occupied land near Sishang in the Song Dynasty to sell grain, it was different, it was enough for the cultivator to eat some potatoes and sweet potatoes, and a large amount of grain could be sold to Sishang.

After all, one person Zhong Mingding eats meat and a thousand people eat, compared with a thousand and one people who eat grain, the former still provides more food that can be converted into commodities in the market.

The reason why the peasants have such a big opinion on the Mo family is also partly because in the eyes of the peasants, in terms of the interests of the small farmers, the path taken by the Mo family will hurt the small farmers.

The so-called budding enlightenment that the Mohists loved was the only way to the Promised Land, which was a disaster for the small farmers around Sishang.

Righteousness is profit, so the righteousness of the Mohists is not the righteousness of the peasants, and the interests of the class represented by the Mohists at this time are contrary to the interests of the classes represented by the peasants.

The misfortune of Hubei is that it suffers from the development of a deformed commodity economy; It also suffered from the serious feudal remnants brought about by the insufficient development of the commodity economy. Similar to some places around Sishang, take the first road.

The luck of Qichun lies in the fact that Qichun is in the south of the Yangtze River, although it belongs to the jurisdiction of the Edi fiefdom, but it is not the fief of the Ejun, so it is remote and backward, and it still retains the strong remnants of the village community of the old era.

But his misfortune is also that he is too backward, so that this remnant of the primitive village community can still be maintained.