Chapter 462: Vulcanized rubber
At present, there is an opportunity to realize the "household responsibility system." As a result of the war, a lot of land became ownerless land, and a large number of land under the names of prisoners and officials were also taken as official land, and Zhu Linmiao took the lead in calling on his clan relatives to donate land, and the number of maps gathered was very considerable.
When the work of counting the acres of land is completed, it is believed that the amount of official land will be able to make the majority of the people living in extreme poverty barely make ends meet. At the same time, due to the destruction of the Jianyu in Jiangbei, the land ownership situation was almost completely disrupted, and after the elimination of the captive officials, even more than half of the land could be collected as official land.
With this large amount of land in hand, we will be able to effectively solve the problem of land annexation, so as to stabilize the lives of the people at the bottom.
Of course, Zhu Linmiao also knew that with the social situation at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it would certainly be impossible to completely copy the "household contract responsibility system."
First of all, with the bureaucratic thinking of the Ming Dynasty, the officials will do their best to turn the official land into their own private property, just like the Ming Dynasty's Weisu Tuntian, and finally all of them became the land of the officers.
Secondly, the people will definitely have doubts about this situation of "the land does not belong to me", and once they have savings, they will still try to buy the land themselves. In the case of a large amount of land being converted into official land, there will be a scarcity of land that can be purchased, and land prices will skyrocket.
The reason for this was the peasants' distrust of the imperial court's policies, fearing that one day the contracted land would be taken back for no reason.
Finally, because the system of responsibility for contracting weakened the dominance of the gentry and landlords, they would inevitably find ways to disadvantage the peasants who had contracted the fields, and the peasants who were alone were likely to be forced to quit the contracted fields.
Therefore, after repeated planning, Zhu Linmiao finally decided to change the so-called official land to "Huangzhuang", and the land was attached to the name of the Son of Heaven.
He also does not mention the term "joint production contract responsibility system", but only says that he is farming for the Son of Heaven. All the rules and regulations of the "contracted fields" were promulgated in the form of holy decrees.
Finally, the most important thing is to put forward the slogan - hand over the Son of Heaven, and the rest is your own!
With the words of the Son of Heaven, the concerns of the farmers at the bottom can be dispelled to the greatest extent and the "contracted fields" can be planted with peace of mind. And those officials who want to fight the idea of Guantian, they dare not attack the Huangzhuang by their courage.
As for the landlords and gentry who wanted to bully the peasants who contracted the fields, it was probably the eunuchs sent by the palace who dealt with these matters. These people have a way to deal with the gentry and the like, just look at how miserable Wei Zhongxian did to the Donglin Party officials back then.
Zhu Linmiao took advantage of the free time of the past few days to carefully sort out the "contracted Huangzhuang" system, and waited for the data of terra nullius and the like to be summarized.
He was pondering where to start the "land reform" when Xu Erlu came again, with several people behind him.
"No need to be polite." Zhu Linmiao helped the three of them up and asked Xu Erlu, "Why did you come to Shaoxing for Yuanyuan, but what is the important thing?" ”
"Back to Your Highness, you have instructed you to inform you as soon as the Franky have arrived with that 'rubber'. Mr. Song asked me to bring a sample to show His Highness. Xu Erlu gestured to a few people behind him, "This is Mr. Song, according to His Royal Highness's orders, specially selected people who are good at chemical experiments from the Fujing Laboratory." ”
He also singled out one of them, "His name is Yao Qisheng, and he is the most skilled in the laboratory." ”
"Yao Qisheng?" Zhu Linmiao was stunned, this can't be the governor of Fujian in the Qing Dynasty who advocated moving the border and banning the sea and trapping politics and economics in history, right? This person is quite scheming, but in history, when he was still young, Nanming was almost dead, so he had to be clear.
Zhu Linmiao asked Yao Qisheng a few more words, and according to what he said, Jiucheng was the "governor of Fujian".
However, Yao Qisheng is only in his twenties now, and he has joined the Ming Dynasty, so there is no reason to serve Jianyu anymore. And for now, he chose to devote himself to chemistry.
Zhu Linmiao suddenly remembered the TV series he had watched, Yao Qisheng did not read well in sage books when he was young, and he was not promoted until he was nearly forty years old in history. It seems that in this life, he has found his strengths and simply abandoned literature and science.
Xu Erlu pointed to the other person he had brought, "Your Highness, this is the top craftsman of the Macedo Watch Workshop, named Wen Xinping, who is good at making all kinds of delicate utensils. He can create boring machines, drilling rigs, etc., created by His Highness. ”
Zhu Linmiao nodded, and asked again, "Did you bring all the equipment used in the experiment?" ”
"Back to Your Highness." Yao Qisheng arched his hand and said, "The students loaded half of the laboratory and brought it. ”
"Okay." Zhu Linmiao said with satisfaction. With these people, we can start the trial production of vulcanized rubber.
Rubber is an extremely important raw material in industrialization. Even today, it can be used to make wheels, raincoats, seals, and other products, and even be exported overseas as high-tech products.
Rubber has long been used in Europe, but only in raw rubber. However, the rubber directly collected from the rubber tree becomes soft when heated, hardens and brittles when cold, is very molded, and is easy to wear, so the scale of use is very small.
It wasn't until the middle of the nineteenth century that the Americans invented vulcanized rubber technology, and stable and durable rubber was really widely used.
In fact, the vulcanization technology is very simple, that is, sulfur is added to the rubber, and then supplemented by heating. But it's just this little trick that it took humans hundreds of years to finally discover.
However, Zhu Linwei only knew that rubber sulfur could greatly improve the performance, but he didn't remember exactly how much to add, how to add it, how to heat it after adding sulfur, temperature control, vulcanization time, etc.
But he believes that when Goodyear inadvertently added sulfur to the rubber, he could get a qualified vulcanized rubber, which means that the whole process should not be complicated.
So before he left Fujing, he instructed Song Yingxing to find students who were familiar with chemical experiments to carry out the trial production of vulcanized rubber. Song Yingxing has been running Gezhi School for a year, during which he has trained many students with foundation, and the laboratory has been established since Ganzhou.
Now this group of students is able to perform some simple experiments.
Zhu Linmiao also asked Xu Erlu to move the rubber and experimental equipment brought by Xu Erlu to the east courtyard of Luwangfu, and began to explain the process of rubber vulcanization to Yao Qisheng and others on the spot, and let them repeatedly test the proportion, temperature and time of adding sulfur.
According to his requirements, Wen Xinping led several craftsmen to build molds, and as soon as the qualified vulcanized rubber was made, it could be used to process practical utensils.
The first thing they made was a ring-shaped mold with the thickness of the forearm, and for the time being, only Zhu Linmiao knew that this was the sealing ring of the Franc cannon.
Zhu Linmiao was leading everyone to work in the East Courtyard, when he saw Shi Lin coming over and said to him: "My lord, if there is an old man, I will see you." ”
"The deceased?" Zhu Linmiao was puzzled, "Who?" ”
Shi Lin handed a feather to him, "He didn't say his name, he just said that you will know it when you see this." ”