In Shen Kuo's words, the Liao State and the Western Xia were completely different and different in all aspects.

First of all, it was founded earlier than the Song Dynasty, at the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Liao Taizu Yelu Abaoji called the emperor to establish the country, the national capital at that time was Kaifeng, the country name Khitan, Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures were also given to the Khitan by Shi Jingjiao during this time.

Secondly, the volume of the Liao State is very large, from the sea in the east, to the mountains in the west, to the glacial lake in the north, and to the Baigou in the south.

The great sea Hongtao thought that it might be the North Pacific Ocean east of Sakhalin, and the mountains could not guess, anyway, they had already passed the Western Regions Uighurs, and their north was the Liao State. It is very likely that the glacial lake is Baikal Lake, and Baigou is the Baigou River, which was later called the Juma River, which was the border between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao Kingdom.

Is it big or not? It is really not small, including part of the Russian Far East, Central Siberia, Outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, the three northeastern provinces, and Hebei Province and Shanxi Province.

However, with such a large land area of less than 8 million people, the population density is very unevenly distributed. The eastern and southern parts are most concentrated, and the rest of the place is sometimes unpopulated for hundreds of miles.

Thirdly, the political system of the Liao State is also relatively special, with both administrative divisions similar to those of the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as unique regulations completely different from those of the Central Plains.

According to convention, the Liao State was called a feudal dynasty, but this was only a general division by later scholars. In fact, the coexistence of feudalism and slavery in the Liao State was not the practice of treating prisoners of war as slaves in the Western Xia, but a complete slavery system.

I won't talk about the same places, and the road of the Song Dynasty will be replaced by a road, which is basically the administrative division of the Liao State. The setting of the capital and the capital is similar, with a total of five.

Shangjing Linhuang Mansion, Zhongjing Dading Mansion, Tokyo Liaoyang Mansion, Nanjing Xijin Mansion, Xijing Datong Mansion. The official capital is Shangjing Linhuang Mansion, and the other four are all accompanying capitals.

Among these five place names, Shangjing Linhuang Mansion and Zhongjing Dading Mansion Hong Tao can't think of where they are in later generations, but Tokyo Liaoyang Mansion and Xijing Datong Mansion are similar to the place names of later generations. Nanjing Xijin Mansion did not have it in later generations, but this name Hong Tao is the most familiar, it is the Beijing area in later generations.

But...... As soon as this word appears, the previous one can basically be skipped. Don't look at the Liao State has five capitals, but the center of power is not in any of these five places. So where is it? The answer is maybe, it depends on the weather!

No one would agree with this answer, but it is true. The Khitans are standard nomads, and they have no intention of changing their attributes, and even if a state is established, they still abide by the nomadic living habits.

The biggest habit of nomadic people is to live in one place, let alone in a city, because there is no water and grass in it.

So the Khitan people made a set of system called the four-hour bowl, which means tent in the Khitan language, and can also be extended to form a camp.

What does that mean? That is to say, the emperor of Liao did not have a fixed palace, and he lived in different tents in different seasons.

In the spring, you can find a place where you can let eagles catch swans and wild ducks, in the summer, you can find a cool place, in the autumn, you can hunt deer and bears, and in winter, it will be warm and warm.

Anyway, it has to be lukewarm all year round, and it has to be convenient for hunting. It is estimated that the extinction of wild animals in China is tossed by the royal family of Liao, how many animals are enough for you to kill all year round.

In addition to the four-hour bowl, there is also a system that is most special in the Liao State, called the two-sided official system. From the standpoint of the Liao State, it is explained as, "Govern the Khitan with the national system, and treat the Han people with the Han system." ”

Judging from this central idea, the two-faced official system is mainly aimed at the Han people. After summarizing the feudal system of various dynasties and generations in history, the Khitans found that the Han people were too numerous to be treated like ruling other ethnic minorities, so they had to come up with such an interesting system.

Tianlong Babu, in this martial arts, Xiao Fengguan to the king of the Southern Courtyard, this king of the Southern Courtyard is a product of the two-sided official system. It sounds very powerful, they are all kings, but in fact, under the Khitan two-sided official system, it is just a local tribal official position, and it is not in the center.

His name is the king of the Southern Courtyard, but he belongs to the official family in the north, and he presides over the affairs of the Khitan people, and basically has nothing to do with the Han people, so Uncle Jin is suspected of having a wrong official position.

What exactly is a two-faced bureaucracy? In layman's terms, it is to cut the central government into two parts, and divide it into the northern official system and the southern official system. The northern official system manages the political affairs of the Khitan ethnic groups, and the southern official system specializes in the political affairs of the Han people.

The Khitan Emperor was the supreme ruler, and the highest military and political body under him was the Privy Council, but it was divided into two courts, the North and the South. At the beginning, the privy envoys of the northern court were all Khitan nobles, and the privy envoys of the southern court were Han Chinese.

However, since the Liao Shengzong Yelu Longxu used Han Derang to take charge of the Northern and Southern Privy Councils, there was no strict distinction between the Khitan and Han people in the northern and southern privy councils, and they could be mixed.

The Northern Privy Council is in charge of the military aircraft, Wuquan, and herdsmen, and all Khitan military horses belong to Yan. It is a purely military leadership body that does not deal with civil affairs. The Southern Privy Council imitated the Tang Dynasty system, and restored the officials of the three provinces, six ministries, Taiwan, Yuan, Temple, Prison, Zhuwei, and East Palace in the south.

This is the central government of Liao, and it is even more chaotic at the local level, which is roughly divided into three systems. The first is the tribal system, which is mainly practiced in the Khitan and northern ethnic areas.

Set up the Khitan North and South Courtyard Grand Palace, the Second Room Royal Mansion and the Xi Palace. The four major royal palaces are side by side, each leading a large tribe, namely the five courtyards, the six courtyards, the B chamber and the Xi six tribes. Xiao Feng's Southern Courtyard King is of this nature, a part of the leadership of the Khitan tribe, that's all.

The second is a special administrative region, just one, the area that originally belonged to the Bohai State was conquered by Liao Taizu and established the Dongdan State, which was later changed to Zhongtai Province, and then changed back to the Dongdan State. This area is very special within the Liao State, which will be explained later.

The third is to imitate the Tang Dynasty system to set up states and counties, and the states are divided into states with thorn history and festivals. Tokyo, Nanjing, and Xijing set up the remaining guards as the highest military and political chiefs, and the Khitan nobles served as them.

The local administrative system in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities such as the Han and Bohai people is basically the same, which is a prefecture and county system, and belongs to the southern official system. The administrative system of the Khitan, Xi and other areas inhabited by the people is a tribal system, which belongs to the northern official system.

This is roughly the case with the political system and administrative division of the Liao State, with the northern official system practicing a feudal semi-slavery system of tribal union, and the southern official system being feudal. It is said that Hong Tao is lazy, but in fact, the Khitan people are even lazier, they are not even lazy to fuse, so they simply come to two plus one.

It was easy to do this, but it also buried a deep curse, and then it was swept away by the Jin State, and there was a big reason because of this divide-and-rule system.

However, this also reflects the recognition of Han culture by the Khitan aristocracy at that time, and in the nearly 200 years since then, the Khitan aristocracy has been promoting sinicization and civilization.

But the result was not very good, under the conditions of productivity at that time, the more civilized the nation was, the less effective it was, and then it was wiped out by the relatively barbaric Jin people.

This is not a patent of China, many ancient civilizations have been destroyed by barbarism, but civilization is a general trend, and it will not be long before it will come to you.

"Are there a lot of Han people in the Northern Dynasties?" Shen Kuo's language skills are very good, and the political system that sounds very complicated can be understood when it comes out of his mouth, but he will not be entangled in too much detail. This is one of the reasons why Hong Tao likes to chat with him, he can understand what others want to hear.

"The Northern Dynasties mainly consisted of Khitans, Xi people, Bohai people, Tatars and Han Chinese, and Han people could enter the official position through the imperial examination. When he went to Liao State, most of the people who received him as a brother were Han officials. ”

Speaking of this problem, Shen Kuo is also quite helpless, he has been fighting with the Northern Dynasty for so many years, and many times it is the Han generals and the Han generals who fight each other, why don't they have the heart to the Celestial Empire?

"Well, that means that there are likely to be Han people in the Liao envoys this time, right?" Hong Tao understood Shen Kuo's subtext, but he didn't answer this stubble. It was too risky to slander the imperial court policy and the emperor himself in front of two important ministers of the imperial court, and a few words could not convince them, so simply stop talking about this topic.

"It's not possible, it must be! The Han people of the Northern Dynasty have four major families, Han, Liu, Ma and Zhao, and all those who go to our dynasty will act as envoys. The Han family is especially the best, so Han Derang and Xiao Yanyan seem to be ministers but not ministers, and it is not impossible to say that it is the emperor of Emperor Shengzong. In ancient times, a thief was recognized as a father, and the Han family recognized a thief as a son! ”

The more Hong Tao didn't want to talk about the problems of the Han people in the Northern Dynasties, the more he couldn't dodge, Shen Kuo didn't say that he was replaced by Wang Shao, the old man was even more excited, and he began to curse as he spoke.

"I don't know who Xiao Yanyan is?" Seeing that he couldn't avoid this topic, Hong Tao simply changed his tricks, putting aside the nationality and let's talk about gender. The three big men ate and drank, and it was easy to deviate when they talked about the opposite sex, and they avoided it when they ran away.

"Xiao Xuan, the queen of Yeluxian of Liaojingzong. When Yeluxian died, Xiao Xuan was only thirty years old, and Han Derang was assisted by the regent, and he was given a few rods of iron rolls. It is rumored that Xiao Yu had promised to marry Han Derang before, and he was elected to the palace before he was married, and it is normal for people to have an old relationship. Shen Kuo didn't seem to have much interest in this kind of lace news, so he briefly introduced a few sentences and didn't talk about it in detail.

"Empress Dowager Xiao!" But Hong Tao really couldn't hold back, the name of the queen mother had been heard of in later generations, and she was also a ruthless character. But I didn't know about her life, I just listened to Wang Shao's meaning, and the queen mother is also very interesting in her private life.

"She's been talking for years, and it's better not to say that." Wang Shao saw the expression of expectation and brightening eyes on the horse's face, and also felt that what he said just now was a bit disrespectful to the deceased, and refused to reveal any more news.

"What the old man said is very ...... Brother Shen, how is the military preparation of the Liao State? ”

In the face of two colleagues who have good personal ethics, Hong Tao can't be too shameless, so he changed his expression by raising a glass and drinking, and then chatted about business. However, he has already memorized the names of Han Derang and Xiao Yanyan in his heart, and the two of you don't talk about me asking others, such as Fu Ji.

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