In history, there are often dozens of times the number of troops besieging a fortified city with heavy casualties and the city is not strong, and the siege scenes of the current war film are not very professional, purely with ladder ants attached to the siege of the city, and the attacking soldiers fall off the ladder one after another. So much so that some people think that any siege battle will be protracted and the casualties will be greater than the defenders, and there is a greater chance that more than half of the sieges will not be able to take the city. In fact, these are just a few exceptions, and most of the cities in history have been taken down without much effort. Like the Qin general Bai Qi, there are many people who pull out more than two or three cities in a military operation.

First, let's analyze the reasons for the exception. First of all, it is necessary to have a strong city, a complete city defense system can not be built in one or two years, it will take at least thirty or fifty years to complete, and after completion, it must be constantly strengthened and improved and repaired the damage caused by time and wind and rain. Since China began to build a large number of cities during the Warring States Period, and a strong city can be broken but difficult to be completely razed, and therefore, the cities in the special case are often built very early and have been operated for hundreds of years. For example, let Zhuge Liang hate Chencang, is the communication of the Quartet, long before the Qin Dynasty there was a city, between the Qin and Han dynasties there is an allusion to Liu Bang's secret crossing of Chencang, after the two Han Dynasty continued to operate, especially the Eastern Han Dynasty, the place as the rear base of Pingqiang, the late Han Dynasty Kingdom, Han Sui besieged this city, Huangfu Song was ordered to lead the troops to rescue, relying on its city strong, on the side to watch the battle for more than 80 days, when the kingdom, Han Sui suffered heavy casualties, the beginning of the tail chase more than 1,000 miles, beheaded more than 10,000! When he arrived in the Three Kingdoms, Hao Zhao defended the city with more than 1,000 soldiers, and Zhuge Liang's tens of thousands of troops returned with all their food. Of course, not every city will be built to this standard, and the state has limited financial resources, so it will only focus on the construction of a few cities that hold the main transportation routes. As for other small towns, the walls have strict height and width restrictions to prevent anyone from taking advantage of them. In addition, it is easy to destroy and difficult to repair, and it will take years for the city to be completely repaired after it has been damaged in World War I, and it is very dangerous if the city is attacked again during this period.

Secondly, there must be a sufficient number of elite soldiers, large cities need more soldiers, and small cities need fewer soldiers. It's not that more is better, one is that it can't be accommodated, and the other is that the consumption of grain and grass can't last. According to "Mozi", the city is guarded by ten people. Therefore, the small city of Chencang, 3,000 people are enough to defend it. If there is not enough manpower, no matter how strong the city is, it will be like paper paste. In addition, reserves must be left in the city for rescue and sorties. Those who guard do not come out, and those who come out do not guard. Defending the city is a very important part, and it is not uncommon in classic city defense battles. Morale is a very important thing in war, the morale of the army is strong, the cowardly do not retreat, the morale of the army is weak, and the brave do not advance. Defending the city, the enemy is strong and I am weak and besieged by the enemy, of course, the morale is low, if it lasts for a long time, the more the battle will become weaker, so from time to time with the army attack, small victories to boost morale and hit the enemy's morale. Of course, the quality of the soldiers cannot be bad, it is too poor, and 10,000 people can only be used for 1,000 people to defend the city, and they will collapse at one rush.

Third, there should be plenty of ordnance, grain, and grass. Wood, rolling stones, arrows, etc. are all things that consume a lot, and for example, they are consumed in the thousands. Arrows are in the tens of thousands. Without stockpiling tens of thousands of sasswoods, rolling stones, and millions of arrows, it is difficult to hold the city by attempting to kill the enemy in close combat. None of these things will be available overnight, and the total number of countries is limited, and only important strongholds can be adequately supplied. Needless to say, the loss of other ordnance was much smaller, but it was also necessary to have a good supply.

At the last level, there must be foreign aid. "If there is no city that must be saved, there is no city that must be defended", it is easy to understand that the city that must be saved is the important city, and there is no need to defend it if it is not important. Defending the city, rescue is a very important part, morale has been mentioned before, without rescue is demoralized, and the soldiers feel that they have been abandoned. If there is rescue, even if there is little hope of approaching, it always gives the soldier a hope that he can hold on. Most of the failures in siege warfare were due to the fact that the city could not be conquered and reinforcements were coming, and the besieging army had to retreat due to the enemy. As mentioned above, in the battle of Zhuge Liang Chencang, the retreat was due to the imminent arrival of Wei reinforcements. The Mongols attacked the Song Dynasty for more than 40 years, but there were no large-scale results, not only because the Song army held on to the city, but also because of the factor of the gathering of reinforcements. The Song army was supported by various cities, and there were a large number of mobile troops left in the rear, and the Mongolian army besieged the city and sent a mobile corps to rescue, and the mobile corps went out of the garrison corps. Without rescue, even a fortified city like Xiangyang will be breached sooner or later. Mengjin besieged Xiangyang several times, but was broken or retreated voluntarily due to the arrival of reinforcements, until the last siege of Xiangyang, several reinforcements lost in the field, and the Mongol army besieged Xiangyang for five years, and was finally taken. In the absence of reinforcements, it is rare for the besieging side to withdraw due to other factors. No matter how strong a city is, without reinforcements, it is only a matter of time before it is breached.

In addition, the most important thing is to have a famous general to guard. The success of the exception is largely due to the factor of famous generals, who can win more in the field, let alone have a strong city to help. It's just that in many cases, people attribute the defense of the city to its fortification rather than to the fact that the famous generals coped with it. For example, Hao Zhao, who first defended the Xiongnu in Bingzhou for more than ten years, was well versed in the method of defending the city, and then transferred to Chencang. Zhuge Liang attacked the city with a ladder and a rushing car, Hao Zhao shot a ladder with a rocket, and pressed the car with a stone mill with ropes. Zhuge Liang shot a hundred feet into the city with a well and filled the trench with soil pills, and Hao Zhao built a heavy wall inside. Zhuge Liang dug a tunnel, but was cut off by Hao Zhao. Two years later, Hao Zhao got the epidemic, Zhuge Liang immediately sent troops to attack again, Chen Cangjian City was not enough to filter, only Hao Zhao was filtered.

There is also siege warfare, the kind of ladder ant attached to the siege in the movie scene is only the most backward means, and it has long been gone. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Tzu wrote a book, saying that the siege of the city had equipment such as repair oars and tools, and it would be overwhelming for the ants to attack it. It can be seen that the ants fell behind in the Spring and Autumn Period, and even the cloud ladder was improved in the Song Dynasty, similar to the boarding ladder of the current airplane, there are also wheels, but it is pushed by manpower, and people hide under it to avoid arrows. The siege equipment is not described in detail, and there are pictures in the "General Essentials of the Martial Arts". Siege equipment is not convenient for marching, often after the siege by the army craftsman battalion on the spot to cut wood, the siege is not down, the weapons are burned.

But in the siege of the city, the heaviest casualties occurred under the city wall and in the process of climbing the city, the casualties of the enemy movement were not very large, although the enemy crossbowmen were condescending, but our crossbowmen were several times the enemy, and they were not passively beaten. Only under the city walls and in the process of climbing the city, the siege soldiers have no power to fight back, so many siege equipment are born to solve this problem. Then there is the use of numerically superior crossbowmen to suppress the enemy's movements on the city walls. The heaviest sieges tend to be in and near the city gates. No matter how fortified the city gate is, it is definitely not as strong as the wall that is a few feet thick, and as an attacker, it is faster to project troops through the city gate than to climb over the city wall. As a defender, the city wall is attacked, and there is still something to be done, and once the city gate is breached, it is basically irretrievable. Therefore, the vicinity of the city gate is both the focus of the attack and the focus of the defense.

After saying so much, I feel that I really haven't said anything, I really don't have anything to say. It's barely enough to make do with an article, a book review, and it's good to be able to write an article for reference.

＝＝＝＝＝＝

There are a lot of minor problems, such as supplementing, deleting, adding, and adjusting the punctuation and word order of words in some places, and they are generally unchanged. The city is guarded by ten people, which is from "Wei Xuanzi" rather than "Mozi". The normal light ladder is still used in raid battles.

One more paragraph:

Once the city gate is captured, the enemy army enters the city in a big way, and the morale of the defenders plummets, and there are often large-scale surrenders or even all surrenders under the leadership of the defenders. Basically, the complete loss of the city gate is to declare the city broken, and only a very small number of people resist stubbornly in the street battles. Moreover, without the cover of the city walls, the casualty ratio of the two sides was often reversed under the superior strength of the besiegers. Therefore, the siege battle is focused on the city wall and the city gate, especially the city gate and the city wall near the city gate, which is the most fiercely contested place.

＝＝＝＝

Most of the troops used are based on the lines of communication. It's the same with people, there are more easy roads to walk, and there are more people where several roads meet, and there are more people than there are cities. Therefore, large cities are all at the intersection of important transportation routes (or national highways), and medium cities are also on important transportation routes (national highways). Other small towns are on provincial and county roads, which are not important transportation routes.

A large city like this has a large number of soldiers stationed in peacetime and wartime to facilitate rapid maneuvering in all directions to participate in war or counterinsurgency. Its gains and losses are often related to the gains and losses of one side, so it is quite valued at all times, and they are quite solid.

Medium-sized cities, which occupy important communication routes, are relatively less important, but they are also quite important, and if the big cities play the role of the center, then these cities play the role of gateways, and they are the only places to enter a region.

In other words, these hubs and portals are highly valued. The central portal is also divided into large and small according to the size of the surface to be controlled and protected.

Other small towns, or military forts, were only valued in times of war. A small city means that the population is small, it is not on the main transportation routes, and it is not valued during non-specific periods.

The size of the city has nothing to do with whether it is good or not, which has been demonstrated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The main question is whether there are enough troops. Big cities need more soldiers, and small cities need fewer soldiers. Many large cities fall faster than small cities, often because they are not enough troops, not enough for big cities, and redundant for small cities. The same is 3,000 people, it is no problem to defend a small city, but it is not possible to defend a big city, which gives people the illusion that a big city is not easy to defend.

The Ming Dynasty defended Beijing, specifically with several layers of defense and two routes. One is the route of the West Liaoning Corridor, and the other is the route of the Sanggan River Valley. The first route, the outermost layer is Liaodong, specifically the gains and losses of Shenyang are related to the gains and losses of Liaodong, Jinzhou and Shanhaiguan in the western Liaoning corridor are important strongholds. The second route, the outermost layer, is the Datong Basin, in which the gains and losses of Datong are related to the gains and losses of the entire Liaodong. Then there are Xuanfu and Neisanguan along the Sanggan River Valley.

The Ming Dynasty guarded Beijing, and the two wings were Liaodong and Xuan (Fu) Da (Tong) and other important towns, each guarding Liaodong and opening up the basin, which was the barrier of Jizhen, and Jizhen relied on the Yanshan Mountains (Shanhaiguan Lengkou, etc.) and the Taihang Mountain Mountains (Inner Sanguan) to defend them, which were the barriers of Beijing, and finally the Beijing defended by the Beijing army. In this way, each town has its own duties and division of labor. It does not mean that guarding Beijing is only guarding the three internal and external passes, and other places

If you want to defend Luoyang, you have to defend the eight passes, but the problem is the limited deployment of soldiers and materials, and the guards everywhere will disperse the forces, and the eight passes will not be able to be guarded, and Luoyang will not be able to hold them. Once one of the eight passes is broken, the entire defense system of the eight passes will completely collapse, and the materials and soldiers will not be able to withdraw at all, and they will be wasted in vain

＝＝＝＝

There are reasons for stereotypes, but they are not fully analyzed. He believes that the castle is too small, and the arrowstone traffic (the arrowstone of the besiegers on the guide side can meet the arrowstone of the besiegers in the north), and there is nothing that can be done to defend it. But other conditions were not taken into account, such as the number of troops I mentioned.

There are many examples of a big city like the capital going down in one go, and the specific situation is analyzed on a case-by-case basis, not absolutely.

As far as the actual combat situation is concerned, due to the important geographical location of the city, it is often impossible for both parties to turn a blind eye to the gains and losses of a region and the control of an important communication line, and they may only be forced to give up.

The geographical importance of a city is innate and does not change depending on the actual situation.

The geographical location of the city has been reflected in the large-scale construction of the city during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the geography of the mountains and rivers has not changed much in the following thousands of years, and its importance has not changed.

The size of a city is often linked to its geographical location, which in turn is linked to its importance. Some cities are not big, and they are also important when linked to their geographical location.

But the power needed in the big city is also a lot. It's easy to take down if you don't have enough power.

The difficulty of the siege is related to the adequacy of the defensive force. That is, it is related to the conditions of the main post. If the defensive strength is insufficient, no matter how important the big city is, it will be forced to give up, if it is sufficient, no matter how small the city will not give up, fortify everywhere, just like the Ming Dynasty defended Beijing.

＝＝＝＝

The concept of a single drum has been narrowed, at first it is a concept opposite to purging the periphery, and then slowly trapping, and then it is narrowed down to less than five days.

The original text of the castle defense record is as follows: "If the castle is too small, and the arrows and rocks are trafficked, it will be difficult for the good defenders to set up dangerous measures. It is believed that the bigger the city, the easier it is to keep, and the number of sections is limited to the number of partitions. ”

The specific situation can be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. As small as Yashi traffic, there is no need to guard.

(1) Purely from the point of view of the specific means of both the offensive and defensive sides, what is the statement that the brothers support the stereotype? The rule is that the bigger the city, the easier it is to keep.

It is too one-sided to consider here, and even if you don't look at the whole situation, there are many angles from which the same or opposite conclusions can be drawn.

And according to your thirty-first floor, "First, we must consider the architectural solidity of the city itself, the geographical environment, and in addition, it is necessary to see what methods others can use to attack."

The solidity of the city is relative to the offensive and defensive means, according to your meaning, two similar cities, the city with more siegers is not strong, and the city with fewer siegers is strong, which is equivalent to using different standards (siege methods) to measure whether the same city is strong. Is this measure of transformation objective in terms of measurement?

(2) However, in the context of the overall battle situation, the brother's point of view is that most of the decisions should be determined by the actual combat situation, not by the city itself, which is equivalent to supporting the statement that the size of the city has nothing to do with whether it is good or not

The problem is that the actual combat situation is quite closely related to geography, for example, Zhang patrols Suiyang, not the actual combat situation makes Suiyang the gateway of the two Huai, but Suiyang itself is the gateway of the two Huai.

Moreover, the gains and losses of one city and one place often determine the changes in the actual combat situation. For example, Chen Cang, Guanzhong is shared by Wei Shu. As soon as Suiyang fell, the two Huai were affected by the flames of war, and the entire counterinsurgency situation would be affected. Beijing, south of Yanshan, and north of Zhending Changshan are all enemies. The Mongols besieged Xiangyang, and as soon as Xiangyang fell, the Southern Song Dynasty collapsed.

The geographical location of these places determines that they have an important impact on the development of the war situation, and the geographical location has remained unchanged for thousands of years.

(3) Further analysis, when viewed in the whole battle situation, the impact of different sizes of the city on the development of the war situation must be closely related, and it is impossible for the offensive and defensive sides to turn a blind eye to the size of the city, so it cannot support the statement that the size of the city has nothing to do with whether it is good or not.

Although the defenders attached great importance to the big city, the big city was not necessarily strong, because the big city needed more forces, and tens of thousands of troops were not necessarily enough. Although the defenders did not pay attention to the small city, the small city required few forces, and a few thousand troops were sufficient. For example, the old rules said Taiyuan Shouyang, Taiyuan is big and Shouyang is small, although Taiyuan is more valued than Shouyang, but Taiyuan has many soldiers but has not held and Shouyang has few soldiers but has defended. It can be seen that the adequacy of defensive strength comes first.