The mystery of the ages - the jade seal of the country

【 Original:Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:00 】

The national seal is also known as the jade seal of the country, the national treasure, the jade seal passed down by the emperors of the past dynasties after Qin, made by Qin Shi Huang, four inches in a square circle, five dragons on New York, and the seal text written by Li Si is engraved on the front "Ordered by the sky, both longevity and eternal prosperity". The seal of the country runs through the history of China for more than 1,500 years, flickering and flickering, and the emperors of the Qin Dynasty after the Qin Dynasty fought to get the seal as a symbol. It is indeed a treasure passed down by the world and an important weapon of the country.

Speaking of the national seal, it is necessary to mention He's bi.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a native of Chu, got a piece of jade in the mountains and dedicated it to King Li. The king made the jade worker identify, saying that it was a stone, and cut off Bian and his left foot for the crime of deceiving the king. After King Wu ascended the throne, Bian He offered jade again, but still broke his right foot again for the crime of bullying the king. In 690 B.C., King Wen ascended the throne, and Bian and Baoyu cried at the foot of Jing Mountain. King Wen sent someone to ask him, and he said: "I am not sad, I am sad and precious and inscribed with stones, and chaste is named after me." "King Wen made people dissect the treasure, and the fruit was treasured, because it was called He's bi.

When King Chu Wei was king, Xiangguo Zhaoyang was more meritorious, and King Wei rewarded him with He's bi. Soon, Zhaoyang feasted guests on the side of the water abyss to enjoy the wall, there were big fish in the cloud abyss, everyone left the room to the edge of the abyss, and after returning to the banquet, they found that He's Bi was missing, suspected of being stolen by the doorman Zhang Yi, and Zhang Yi was detained and interrogated to no avail. Zhang Yi was angry, left Chu and entered Wei, and then entered Qin, Qin Hui Wenjun for ten years, worshiped Qin Xiang, and lobbied all countries to obey Qin, so as to enter Chu with envoys and disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance. After the defeat of Chu, Qin took the land of Chu and Hanzhong.

During the Warring States Period, King Zhao Huiwen obtained Chu and the clan from the eunuch Yingxian, and King Qin Zhao learned that "the testament King Zhao is willing to invite Yibi with fifteen cities", when Qin was strong and Zhao was weak, King Huiwen was afraid that he would not get the city if he gave the wall, and Lin Xiangru volunteered to go to the wall. To the Qin State, after the dedication of the wall, seeing that the King of Qin had no intention of paying for the city, the court fought hard and tried to retrieve the original wall and send it back to the Zhao State.

In 228 B.C., King Yingzheng of Qin broke Zhao and won the peace clan.

Ying Zheng ruled the world and was called the first emperor. Ordered Li Si seal book "ordered by the sky, both longevity and Yongchang" eight characters, Xianyang jade worker Sun Shou will be and the family bi smooth, carved for the seal, that is, for the national seal. In 219 B.C., the first emperor crossed the mouth of Dongting Lake, when the wind and waves rose suddenly, the dragon boat will capsize, the emperor threw the seal into the lake, prayed to the gods to town the waves, and the seal of the country disappeared for the first time. In the autumn of the thirty-sixth year, the envoy passed through Huayin Pingshu Road from the night of Kanto, and someone presented this national seal.

In October 206 BC, Liu Bang led his army into Xianyang to dominate, and the prince of Qin descended to Yidao and presented the seal of the first emperor. Qin died, Liu Bang is the Son of Heaven, because of the imperial service of its seal, passed down from generation to generation, called "Han Chuan National Seal", a record of "Han Legacy National Treasure".

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty in 8 AD, the foreign relative Wang Mang usurped power, when the widow Liu Ying was young and did not stand, the seal was hidden in the Changle Palace Wang Mang's aunt Empress Dowager Xiaoyuan. Wang Mang sent his brother Shun to ask for it, and the queen mother scolded: "I am old and dead, if I am a brother, this clan will be destroyed!" Helplessly, he threw the seal on the ground and broke a corner, and Wang Mang ordered the craftsman to make up for it with gold.

In October 23 AD, Wang Mang was defeated and killed, and the school captain had to pass on the national seal, rushed to Wan, and dedicated it to Liu Xuan, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty.

In 25 AD, the Red Eyebrow Army killed Liu Xuan and established Liu Penzi. Later, Liu Penzi defeated Yiyang and handed over the national seal to Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were autocratic. In August 189 of the first year of the young emperor Guangxi, Yuan Shao entered the palace to kill the eunuchs, Duan Jue took the emperor out of the North Palace for refuge, and the jade seal disappeared.

When the emperor was dedicated, Dong Zhuo made a mess. In 191 A.D., Changsha Taishou Sun Jian led the army to attack Luoyang, and the soldiers saw that there were colorful clouds in the palace in the morning, so they made people enter the well, and the national seal was passed on, and Sun Jian secretly hid the seal in his wife Wu's place. Later, Yuan Shu detained Sun Jian's wife and seized the seal. After the death of Yuan Shu, Xu Xuan, the assassin of Jingzhou, brought the seal to Xuchang, when Cao Cao coerced the Han Emperor here, so far, the seal of the country returned to the Han family.

In 220 A.D., in the first winter of the first year of Emperor Yankang, Cao Pi usurped power, forced Emperor Chan to let him, and the Han Dynasty died. Cao Pi made people engrave eight characters on the shoulder of the seal of the country, "the seal of the Great Wei Dynasty by the Han Dynasty".

In 265 AD, Sima Yan also usurped power, called Emperor Wu of Jin, and passed on the seal of the country to Jin.

In 311 AD, the former Zhao Liu Cong captured the Jin Huai Emperor Sima Chi and returned to the former Zhao.

In 329 A.D., Hou Zhao Shi killed the former Zhao, got the seal, and engraved "Heavenly Mandate Shi" on the right side.

In 350 AD, Ran Min killed Emperor Shi Jian of Houzhao, passed on the national seal, and established the Ran Wei regime; In fact, when Ran Wei begged for rescue from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Chuan Guo Seal was in the hands of Jiang Gan, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was deceived by Xie Shang, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and sent to the capital Jiankang overnight with three hundred fine horses, dedicated to Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty, and the seal of the country was returned to the Sima family of the Jin Dynasty.

In 420 AD, Liu Yu abolished Emperor Gong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and established himself as the emperor, with the country name Song, known as Liu Song in history; In the Southern Dynasties, the seal of the country went through the changes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen.

In 581 AD, Yang Jian established the Sui Dynasty. In 589 AD, the Chen Dynasty fell, the Sui unified China, and the national seal entered the Sui Palace.

In March 618 AD, Emperor Yang Guang of Sui was killed by Yu Wenhua and in Jiangdu, and Empress Xiao and his widow Zhengdao fled into the Mobei Turks with the national seal, known as the King of Sui. In May, Emperor Gong Yang Yu was enthroned, and Li Yuan was called the emperor, which was for Tang Gaozu, changed the country name to Tang, and died in Sui.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Taizong Li Shimin was ordered to be appointed by Xuanxi because he did not pass on the national seal, saying "The emperor is destined for the heavens, and the virtuous are prosperous", as well as jade seals such as "divine treasures" and "ordained treasures" in the eight directions to talk about masturbation.

In the fourth year of Zhenguan in 630 AD, Li Jing led an army to defeat the Turks; In March, he captured the Khan of Jieli,* perished. In the same year, Empress Xiao and Yang Zhengdao returned to the Central Plains, and the seal of the country was returned to Li Tang.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the world was in turmoil, in 907 AD, Zhu Quanzhong abolished the Tang Emperor Li Zhu, seized the national seal, and built the Later Liang.

In 923 A.D., Li Cunmiao destroyed the Later Liang and built the Later Tang Dynasty, and the seal of the country also followed the Later Tang Dynasty.

In 936 A.D., Shi Jingtang led the Khitan army to Luoyang, and the last emperor Li Congke Huai passed the national seal to the Xuanwu Tower*, and the national seal disappeared.

In 951 A.D., Guo Wei built the Zhou Dynasty, looking for the seal of the country is not found, but in the Guangshun period carved the "Emperor Chengtian Treasure", "Emperor Treasure" two seals, later, Zhao Kuangyin received Zen, passed on these two treasures, changed the dynasty to the Great Song Dynasty, and made the "Great Song Dynasty Treasure". To Taizong, don't make the "treasure of inheriting the heavens". Zhenzong ascended the throne and was appointed as the emperor's treasure, and the text said "the emperor respects the treasure of the mandate of heaven".

Zhezong Shaosheng three years, Xianyang County Duan Yi got the ancient jade seal, "the color is green as blue, warm and moist, back glass buttons", said that he repaired the house in Liu Yin Village, Henan Township, dug the ground to get it, Shaosheng five years, after the thirteen bachelor officials of the dynasty according to the relics of the previous dynasty, many research, and finally confirmed that it was the seal of the first emperor. Zhezong was overjoyed, and the number was "the treasure of the heavenly inheritance of the country", and the yuan yuan was changed.

Huizong, used for the Khotanese jade system for the order of the treasure, the text said "the scope of heaven and earth, praise the gods, Baohe Taihe, longevity without borders", seal with insects and fish, the work of production, several than Qin Xi.

In 1126 AD, after the Jingkang Rebellion, the second emperor of Huiqin was plundered, and the seal of the country was also plundered by the Dajin State and disappeared.

In 1294 A.D., Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty, died, and the seal of the country suddenly appeared in the city in Dadu. Boyan once smoothed out the seals of the past dynasties collected from various places by the Yuan Empire and distributed them to the princes and ministers to engrave private seals.

In 1368 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and built the Ming Dynasty. The Great Yuan court fled to the Mongolian steppes.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Ming Taizu sent Xu Da into Mobei to pursue the fleeing Mongolian court, in order to obtain the national seal, which is the last record of the national seal in history, and finally returned empty-handed.

So far, after more than 1,500 years of ups and downs, the national seal has been lost in the long river of history.

Another: The inscription of the national seal says, "Ordered by the heavens, the longevity of Yongchang". The text of the "Book of Han" says "Haotian's Mandate Emperor Shouchang". The two are different and generally refer to the first statement.

Another: The heirloom seal obtained by Zhezong of the Northern Song Dynasty was suspected to be forged by Zhang Dian and Cai Jing at that time.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, fake seals also appeared from time to time. Ming Xiaozong once received the so-called national seal, and Emperor Xiaozong thought it was fake at that time; At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there were 39 imperial seals of various colors in the palace, one of which was considered to be the seal of the Qin system, in 1746 AD, by the Qianlong Emperor, it was confirmed that it was an imitation of the fake. In November 1924, when the last emperor Boyi was expelled from the palace, Zhang Bi, Lu Zhonglin and others were still pursuing the jade seal of the country.

"History of Liao" is recorded as "the treasure of the Great Wei by the Han Dynasty", I thought it should be "the seal of the Great Wei by the Han Dynasty", and Tang Wu changed the "seal" to "treasure" in the sky, which should be changed in that era.

"History of the Song Dynasty" notes: "Treasure." In the Qin system, the Son of Heaven has six seals, and there are national seals, and the past dynasties have passed on them. Tang changed to treasure, and its system has eight. Five generations are chaotic, or many are lost. Also: "Wei Benji" has been recorded in a destroyed clay statue to get the jade seal two, the text of which says: "Ordered by the sky, both longevity and eternal prosperity." At its moment, it was said that "Wei received the seal of the Han Dynasty".

Added: (Six Seals of the Son of Heaven)

The Six Seals of the Son of Heaven: The text says "the emperor's seal", and it is used in the edict of the seal. "The Emperor's Seal", the book of the kings

then use. "Emperor Xinxi", under the bronze beast talisman, send the states to recruit the town soldiers, under the bamboo envoy, the history of the conscription of the states on behalf of the emperor,

then use. And white jade for it, one inch and two points square, and a beast button. "The Son of Heaven Xingxi", which is used to worship foreign countries.

"The Seal of the Son of Heaven" is used for foreign books. "The letter of the Son of Heaven", send troops to foreign countries, if foreign countries are recruited, and there are

If you are a ghost, you will use it. And gold for it, one inch and two minutes square, the beast button. There is also a national seal, white jade for it, square

Four inches, the beast button, hand in the five cockroaches, and hide the bird seal. The text says "by the order of heaven, the emperor Shouchang", where eight characters.

Outside the six seals, only the Zen seal is sealed with the stone letter. There is also a button printed by the superintendent of ten thousand machines, which is made of wood, one foot and two inches long, and two wide

inch five minutes. On the back is the nose button, the button is nine inches long, one inch thick, and seven minutes wide. The hidden seal book under the abdomen is "supervising ten thousand machines",

Where four words. This seal is always included, but it is sewn with the seal. With the left Hu Lang in the middle, the degree of the branch of the book to play, the seal and the infusion.

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【 · Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:06 】

"He's Bi" has been passed on for more than 1,600 years, which is rare in the world. Many scholars throughout the ages have tried to find out its true face and have made painstaking explorations. In 1921, geologist Zhang Hongzhao analyzed in "Shi Ya" that it should be a rare labradorite with turquoise and white flashes. In 2001, at the "China Ornamental Stone Expo", Yuan Kuirong, a geologist, gemstone and ornamental stone expert, reproduced the "Heshi Bi" (see photo) with color-changing labradorite.

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【 · Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:08 】

The picture above is Wei Xi - by the order of heaven Emperor Shouchang

The picture below is the seal obtained by Yuan Fu - ordered by the sky and longevity Yongchang (suspected to be a pseudo-trust of later generations)

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【 · Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:18 】

A few thoughts of my own

There is a view that the jade seal of the country is not restructured by He's bi, and this view says:

"I am just here to remind the reader that since the existence of jade, especially in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the jade is more standardized and thinner, generally the small jade is 0.3 cm ~ 0.4 cm, and the large jade is 0.4 cm ~ 0.6 cm. Judging from the archaeological data, the general national seal is square, and it is higher. The thickness of the lower part is more than 2 centimeters, and the upper part is mostly carved into a dragon button or a turtle button, and the size of the button is double or several times that of the lower part. It can be seen that He's bi cannot be transformed into a jade seal, let alone a national jade seal, because it is larger in size. Therefore, the theory that He's Bi was transformed into a jade seal is purely false. ”

However, I personally don't agree with this point of view, and the bibi called the bi may not be the same as the ordinary jade, it may be very large in volume and thickness, so it shows its preciousness, if it is an ordinary jade, how can the king of Qin propose to exchange fifteen cities to the Zhao State? (The later story is the origin of the idiom "Returning to Zhao after the end")

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【 · Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:27 】

My second point

"In 936 A.D., Shi Jingtang led the Khitan army to Luoyang, and the last emperor Li Congke Huai passed the national seal to the Xuanwu Tower*, and the national seal disappeared." This is the last well-documented record of the jade seals of the country, and none of the subsequent jade seals have been confirmed to be true. This may be the origin of the idiom "jade burning". Personally, I don't think it's possible that the jade seal of the country will be buried in the fire. I checked the relevant information, and the melting point of jade is about 1700 degrees, which is higher than the melting point of gold (1063 degrees). As the saying goes, "real gold is not afraid of fire", let alone jade? At that time, it was estimated that Li Congke* should be mainly wood, is it possible for the burning of wood to reach such a high melting point?

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【 · Original: Guosheng 2004-12-10 23:48 】

By the way, according to some of the information I have read, I will talk about the authenticity and fate of the jade seal (Yuan Fu) of the Song Dynasty

This jade seal of the Song Dynasty, although it was not known in the end, but left the seal of the time in the archives, which is the second picture I pasted above, from this seal, it is consistent with the history book recorded "decorated with dragons, phoenixes, birds and fishes, and the method of insects and birds", that is, the so-called "dragons, worms, birds, and fish". The jade seal of the country is restructured from the Heshi Bi and produced in the Chu State, so it is unanimously believed that the jade is Lantian jade, which is also consistent with the Song Xi recorded in the history books that "the jade seal is green in color, the jade quality is very strong, and the fat is incurable without Kunwu knife and toad".

However, because the history books have never mentioned the 8 characters of "Great Wei Shou Han Chuanguo Jade Seal" engraved on the shoulder of the jade seal of the Han Dynasty when Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty and the 4 words of "Heavenly Mandate Shishi" on the side wall of the jade seal added by Zhao Shile after 329 AD. In particular, there is no mention of the piece that was dropped by the Queen Mother and later repaired with gold. Hehe, isn't that really a "blind eye without knowing gold and jade"? What's more, this seal was presented to the emperor by Cai Jing's traitor, so most descendants think it is fake.

Regarding the fate of this jade seal, I have read two opinions, one is the article that was reposted, "After the Jingkang Rebellion, the second emperor of Huiqin was plundered, and the seal of the country was also plundered by the Dajin State, and it was missing. Another theory is that this seal has been passed down to the end of the Song Dynasty, Lu Xiufu jumped off the cliff with the little emperor and the jade seal, which is called "the cliff gate lost seal" in history.

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【 · Original: Guosheng 2004-12-11 00:01 】

If this jade seal is born one day in the future, it will be an unparalleled cultural relic in China

This jade seal not only witnessed most of China's history, but also left a lot of idioms and sayings for the future:

In addition to the above-mentioned return to Zhao, the burning of jade, and the lack of knowledge of gold and jade, there are also priceless cities, harmony, and sin.

Throughout Chinese history, the cultural relics comparable to the jade seal of the country are only nine tripods, but the nine tripods are definitely impossible to exist anymore, one is the legend that its disappearance is more than 2,000 years earlier than the jade seal of the country, it really fell in Surabaya these thousands of years have also been corroded, and the second is that the nine tripods are history or legends have not yet been determined

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【 · Original: Guosheng 2004-12-11 11:19 】

I don't think the real heirloom jade seal will never be like a replica, the replica is too ugly:(

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【 · Original: Han Yushui 2004-12-13 01:10 】

One day I found it, and I won't trade stocks

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【 · Original:Datang ZTE 2004-12-14 09:42 】

Hehe, Guosheng is also very interested in archaeology

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【 · Original: Flying Over the World 2004-12-14 11:30 】

Transferred from: Shanshui Xihong Dahua Three Kingdoms Research Institute http://yancen.eee.cc

In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", there is one thing that has affected the fate of history and characters, it is the treasure of the Chinese feudal royal family from generation to generation, the symbol of the highest power - the jade seal of the country.

In the Three Kingdoms, this royal treasure seems to be engraved with an ominous curse, and anyone associated with it will not end well. Look, in the Rebellion of the Ten Permanent Servants, this national treasure mysteriously disappeared. Later, Sun Jian discovered it, but he hid it and did not want to take it back to Jiangdong, and even did not hesitate to swear a poisonous oath after the matter was leaked, but it really came true, and he died under the random arrow at the age of 37. His son Sun Ce, after keeping this seal for a period of time, gave it to Yuan Shu as collateral to borrow soldiers, but he did not escape the fate of dying early in his 20s; Yuan Shu, who obtained this treasure, was called the emperor, and when the army was defeated, he vomited several liters of blood and died; Later, this treasure belonged to Cao Cao, who although he did not die prematurely, but was plagued by a mysterious headache, and finally died of this disease; Later, Cao Pi and others did not have a long life.

Was what happened to these people accidental? Their fate is strikingly similar to that of the archaeologists who excavated the tombs of the ancient pharaohs of Egypt.

Based on my research on such things in ancient and modern times, both in China and abroad, my conclusion is astonishing, bold and scientifically based: the jade seal of the country is a piece of jade with strong radioactivity. In fact, it is common knowledge for modern people that substances such as stones are radioactive in different sizes. Experts warn that gemstone rings and stones used for house decoration should be tested for radioactivity, otherwise they are unsafe. There have been reports of leukemia caused by house decoration in China. However, the particularity of the jade seal of the country is that it does not make people suffer from leukemia, but makes people lose their minds and even go crazy, which leads to a series of tragic events.

Speaking of which, we can't help but start with the origin of the jade seal. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" borrowed the mouth of the character Cheng Pu in the book and told its story in detail. The predecessor of this national treasure was a piece of jade, but it was wrapped in an ordinary stone. Bian He, a native of Chu, found it according to the so-called phoenix perched on it, and presented it to the king twice, but he was guilty of bullying the king and had two legs cut off successively. After the new monarch ascended the throne, he held this stone and wept blood, and the new monarch sent someone to cut open the stone, only to find this piece of jade, so it is called Heshi jade. Bian He had apparently been driven crazy by this radioactive stone, to the point where he had lost his life. Later, Qin Shi Huang unified China, and Prime Minister Li Si used this jade to engrave the eight words "Ordered by the sky, both longevity and Hengchang", and made a special seal for the emperor, which was ready to be passed on from generation to generation. However, Qin Shi Huang died shortly after the unification of China, and Qin II was a short-lived king. The emperor of the Han Dynasty who held the jade seal was also inferior to the generation, neither longevity nor prosperity, and its adverse effects were self-evident.

Let's take a look at the scene where Sun Jian found it: a well in the Han Palace actually emitted "five-colored light", and after salvage, it was found that a palace maid had been dead for several days but her body was not bad, and this jade seal was found on her. Obviously, if it weren't for the radioactivity that caused the water molecules to change and glow, and the corpse was not bad, there would be no more reasonable explanation. After Sun Jian got the jade seal, his whole temperament changed, from a very bold hero to a complete villain, and his wisdom and righteousness disappeared without a trace; His son Sun Ce, who was young and short-tempered, was nicknamed "Little Overlord" like Xiang Yu. Yuan Shu, who had no ambitions, dreamed of being an emperor when he got the jade seal, and he could have enjoyed peace for many years. Cao Cao, who got the jade seal, was far less than in the early stage and became very mediocre.

One proof that can also be put forward is that in the era of the existence of the jade seal, the founding emperors were wise and had a long lifespan, which is obviously because they only had the harmful stone in the second half of the world, so they were less affected by it. And their princes and grandchildren are not as good as the next, mediocre and short-lived, because they have been exposed to jade seals since childhood. In the Qing Dynasty, when the jade seal had been lost forever, emperors such as Kangxi, Qianlong, and the old goblin Cixi all lived to a rare high life among emperors.

If you don't believe the above "evidence", then try to find the jade seal that has been lost for hundreds of years, and measure it with a Geiger counter that specializes in radioactivity. If it doesn't make a "gurgling" sound, you will smash my sign of "Three Kingdoms Research Institute".

Finally, if a symbol of power is so mad and irrational, the influence of power itself can be imagined. Those who sharpen their heads and want to be officials should think deeply about this!

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【 · Original: Flying over the end of the world 2004-12-14 11:34 】

Another: There is a text that says that the jade seal of the country was lost before the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Copyright, November 2002

(Some of the records have not been verified)

The Chinese used the seal letter to indicate credit, which began in the Zhou Dynasty. In the Qin Dynasty, there was a distinction between seal and seal, the seal used by the emperor was called seal, and the seal used by the subjects could only be called seal.

According to the records of the Han Dynasty, the emperor had six seals: the Emperor's Seal, the Emperor's Seal, the Emperor's Letter Seal, the Son of Heaven's Seal, the Son of Heaven's Seal, and the Son of Heaven's Letter Seal. The six seals are all used for different purposes, and they are in charge of Fu Jie Lingcheng. However, the jade seal of the country is not included in these six seals, because this jade seal is used to represent orthodoxy, and the so-called "true son of heaven" must have this jade seal, otherwise it can only be the king of grass chickens instead of the true dragon son of heaven.

History moves forward, and we start from the Spring and Autumn Period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a quarryman named Bian He in the Chu State, and one day he was quarrying in Jingshan (now Nanzhang County, Hubei), and saw a wind phoenix perched on a piece of bluestone. "The phoenix does not fall into the land of no treasure", Bian He decided that this stone was a treasure, so he dedicated it to King Chu Li.

But the jade worker didn't recognize it, so he thought it was an ordinary stone. King Li was furious and ordered Bian He's left foot to be cut off.

King Wu of Chu ascended the throne, Bian He went to offer treasure again, but it was still recognized as an ordinary stone, and his right foot was cut off for the crime of bullying the king.

Later, King Wen, the son of King Wu, became the monarch, and Bian He also wanted to offer treasures, but he lost his feet and couldn't walk, so he hugged the jade and cried, crying that the treasure jade was not recognized. King Wen sent someone to ask him, and he said, "I am not sad for the loss of my feet, but I am sad that I am said to be a stone even though I am a treasure jade, and I am said to be a liar even though I am a loyal subject." ”

King Wen ordered someone to cut the stone open, and sure enough, it was a piece of white and flawless, smooth and crystal jade, carved into a beautiful stone by good workmanship. Therefore, Bi is offered by Bian He, so it is named "He's Bi". What's even more amazing is that this piece of treasure jade is "blue when viewed sideways, and white when viewed squarely". It is recorded that this and the bi are placed in a dark place and naturally glow; Placed in the seat, the winter month is warm, and the furnace can be replaced; The summer months are cool, and mosquitoes and flies do not enter; It can also be dusty and ward off evil spirits.

After the priceless treasure and clan were returned to Queen Wen of Chu, they were regarded as national treasures and were passed down in the hands of successive monarchs of Chu for more than 370 years.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, countries often used jade as a token for envoys, and the best jade and clan bi were the symbols of the country. During the Warring States Period, the Seven Heroes competed for hegemony, and all the vassal states wanted to take this rare treasure for themselves.

The first disappearance of Heshi Bi was four hundred years later. King Chu Wei gave this reward to the meritorious Xiangguo Zhaoyang. When Zhaoyang invited guests one day, he went out for the guests to watch, but when the banquet was dispersed, he disappeared, and although he was searched by many parties, he had no whereabouts. Chu Xiang Zhaoyang lost this piece because of the banquet, suspected of being stolen by Zhang Yi, and beat Zhang Yi half to death, Zhang Yi entered Qin, and disintegrated the "Lianheng" of the Six Kingdoms with his three-inch tongue, and played the Six Kingdoms in the palm of his hand, clearing the obstacles for the iron cavalry of the strong Qin to level the Six Kingdoms in the future. In fact, Zhaoyang really wronged Zhang Yi.

More than fifty years later, this Heshi Bi somehow flowed to Zhao State, appeared in the hands of Zhao State eunuch Yingxian, and King Zhao Huiwen took it for himself. At this time, the power of Qin was already very strong, and the reigning King Zhaoxiang of Qin learned that He's Bi was in Zhao State, so he said that he would exchange fifteen cities for Bi. King Zhao was weak, so he had to send Lin Xiangru as an envoy to Qin and staged the story of returning to Zhao.

Sixty-one years later, Qin destroyed Zhao. By Qin Shi Huang's unification of the six countries, "under the whole world, it is not the king's land; On the shore of the land, it is not the king's minister", and the He's Bi naturally belonged to Qin Shi Huang. Li Si's "Book of Exhortations to the Guest" has the sentence "His Majesty to the jade of Kunshan, there is an easy-going treasure", and "the treasure of easy-going" refers to the "pearl of Suihou" and "He's Bi", indicating that He's Bi has entered the hands of the first emperor. King Qin unified China, self-proclaimed "the first emperor", Qin twenty-six years (221 B.C.), ordered Lianggong to make this jade as a seal, jade worker Sun Shou will be the prime minister Li Si wrote "ordered by the sky, both longevity Yongchang" eight bird and insect shape seal characters engraved on the and the family, as the emperor's jade seal. In this way, He's Bi has become the "national seal".

In the twenty-eighth year of Qin (219 B.C.), Qin Shi Huang inspected the world, and the boat arrived at Dongting Lake. Strange to say, Dongting Lake was immediately calm.

Eight years later, Qin Shi Huang patrolled to Huayin, and someone held a seal to block the way, and returned Qin Shi Huang and said: "Hold this and return the ancestral dragon." (The emperor called the "True Dragon Son of Heaven", Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor in Chinese history, so he was called "Zu Long") The first emperor made people accept the jade seal, and the person turned into a gust of wind and left.

Soon, Qin Shi Huang fell ill on the way during his eastern tour, and according to the "Historical Records of Qin", Qin Shi Huang "gave his son Fusu for the seal book", that is, the seal was passed on to Fusu as a symbol of the power of the Son of Heaven. After the death of the first emperor, Zhao Gao usurped power with the Heshi Bi, and the jade seal was passed on to the second Hu Hai.

When Liu Bang led his troops to attack Xianyang, Prince Ying of Qin killed Zhao Gao and offered Bi to Liu Bang. Liu Bang entered Xianyin, and the child was "blessed with the seal of the Son of Heaven, beside the road". He's Bi has become a symbol of the world, similar to "Jiuding".

Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty and took the Qin jade seal as the national seal of the Han Dynasty, and passed the jade seal from generation to generation from him. Since then, He's Bi has become the "national seal". After Liu Bang, nine generations of emperors were passed on.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the throne, and the then emperor Liu Ying was only two years old. Wang Mang ordered the minister Wang Shun to ask the Empress Dowager Xiaoyuan for the jade seal of the country, the Empress Dowager Xiaoyuan as the Empress Dowager of the Han Dynasty poured her heart towards the Han family, was forced to can't, and threw the treasure of the town and country on the ground in a fit of anger ("Hanshu Yuan Hou Biography"), it is said that a corner of the seal was broken, and later Wang Mang used gold to make up for it, but to no avail, or left a trace. Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, defeated Wang Mang and recaptured the jade seal of the country, which became the symbol of the Han family.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the war broke out, the heroes chased the deer, the young emperor of the Han Dynasty took refuge in the north palace at night, did not bring this seal in a hurry, and found that the jade seal had disappeared after returning to the palace. Soon, Dong Zhuo's rebellion, all the princes rose up one after another. Changsha Taishou Sun Jian invaded Luoyang, and saw a faint five-colored light in the well of Zhenguan in the south of the city, so that people went down to the well to fish. Scooping up the corpse of a maid's costume, it was obvious that the corpse had been for a long time, but it had not decomposed, and the corpse had a bag under it. When you open it, there is a small vermilion box inside, which is locked with a gold lock. There is a jade seal inside: a radius of four inches, engraved with five dragons; There is a corner missing, and it is set with gold; There is a seal text with eight characters on the cloud: "Ordered by the sky, both longevity and eternal prosperity". Sun Jian unexpectedly got the jade seal, and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has "hidden jade seal Sun Jian's betrayal of the alliance" once. Sun gave it to Yuan Shu, and after Yuan was defeated, he returned to Emperor Han Xian.

Then Cao Pi abolished the Han Dynasty and became self-reliant, took over the seal from Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, and carved a line of small characters on the side of the jade seal: "Wei Shou Han Seal of the Country".

Only forty-five years later, this jade seal passed into Sima Yan's hands again. Sima Yan didn't engrave any words on it, "Jin Shou Wei Chuanguo's seal". If they were all carved like Cao Pi, the emperors who later grabbed the throne might not have a place to engrave.

Five chaotic flowers, the jade seal was inherited by the Southern Dynasty.

However, the later emperors had to engrave another seal regardless of whether there was a place for them to engrave the words on this jade seal to commemorate the robbery of others, because this jade seal engraved with He's Bi was passed down and lost!

This jade seal was passed down from Wei to the Western Jin Dynasty, passed through the former Zhao and Later Zhao, and fell into the hands of the former Qin Fujian. Later, Fu Jian captured Yao Chang for his subordinates, and Yao asked him to hand over the jade seal, but Fu Jian said that it had been given to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the jade seal may have been lost at this time.

Yao himself wanted to be the emperor and felt that he could not do without the national seal, so when he established the Later Qin State, he forged a "national seal". His move inspired all his friends who wanted to be emperors, and at the same time, Houyan Murong Chui also forged one. The Sima family of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has always regarded itself as orthodox, and when they saw this situation, they hurriedly forged one, but the text was engraved wrong, and it became "Ordered by Heaven, Emperor Shouchang". They also made up a story by the way, saying that this fake jade seal was sent by Jiang Gan, Ran Min's subordinate.

The "Seal of the Inheritance of the Kingdom" of Later Qin was brought back to Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) after Liu Yu destroyed Later Qin, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty knew that it was fake and destroyed it. The one in the Eastern Jin Dynasty later flowed into the Northern Qi Dynasty. Because the one of Hou Yan has fallen into the Northern Zhou Dynasty after the death of the country, after the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, the "Emperor Shouchang" seal forged by the Eastern Jin Dynasty was destroyed. As a result, only the one that was made by Hou Yan Murong was left among the three fake seals, and it would be true at this time.

This jade seal passed through the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui, Sui extinguished, Sui Yang Emperor Yang Guang Empress Xiao Shi with the seal and some royal personnel in exile to the Turks. Tang Zhenguan for four years, and Empress Xiao returned to Tang with the seal.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the jade seal was obtained by Zhu Wen of the Later Liang Dynasty and passed on to the Later Tang Dynasty. It has been passed down to the Later Tang Dynasty of the fifth generation. After the late Tang Emperor Li Congke besieged Shi Jingjiao*, the whereabouts of this jade seal are also unknown.

In the Later Jin Dynasty, the Northern Liao invaded on a large scale and looted many times, and the jade seal of the country has not been recorded in the literature until now.

The emperors after Zhao Kuangyin of the Northern Song Dynasty each had their own seal, and there was more than one, but there was no jade seal for the country. Although many later dynasties also claimed to have found the jade seals of the country, they were all forged and imitated by the people, and they were fabricated to deceive others and deceive themselves in order to prove that they were "ordered by heaven", and the officials used this to curry favor with the emperor.

During the reign of Song Shaosheng, Xianyang obtained the jade seal of "green as blue, warm and moist" and "back glass button", which was verified by thirteen bachelor officials of the dynasty, and was considered to be the seal of the true Qin system. Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty also received the so-called heirloom seal, which Emperor Xiaozong thought was fake and did not use it.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Forbidden City had 39 sides of the Imperial Palace, one of which was called the national seal. In 1746, Emperor Qianlong confirmed that it was a fake. Until November 1924, when the last emperor Boyi was expelled from the palace, police chiefs Zhang Bi and Lu Zhongfu and others were still pursuing this gold-inlaid royal seal.

This piece of jade that has been passed down for thousands of years, where is it hidden?!!