Autumn is the harvest season, but for winter wheat, it is also the season of sowing. The pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info busy in the courtyard, while harvesting all kinds of beans in the field, while busy cultivating the land and planting wheat. Wheat is the staple food, the first thing to ensure is that when it comes to sowing, regardless of whether the beans in the field are fully ripe or not, they must be cut back, and at least they can be fed to horses as high-quality feed.

Xu Ping stood in the courtyard of the Nazhi Courtyard, looked at the soybeans that were drying on the ground, and asked Zhang Zai beside him: "This year is busy with the season, how is the harvest?" This bean was planted in the early spring, and it looks like a good harvest. ”

Zhang Zaidao: "Judging from the current situation, there are a lot of soybean beans harvested. However, the rice and wheat eaten still have to be distributed in the state of Lao. ”

"Take your time, as long as things are done, they will always get better and better." Xu Ping turned around, "Move the Nazhi Courtyard here, one is to occupy a huge house in the city, which is inconvenient, and the other is to let these protons have something to do, and set aside land for them to cultivate and eat themselves." You are here to manage their cultivation and promote the well fields, how effective is it? ”

"Good, very good!" Speaking of Jing Tian, Zhang Zai was a little excited. "I also read the "Rich Country and the People's Policy" edited by Jie Shuai a few days ago, which talks about the principles of heaven and the desires of people, the desires of men are the principles of heaven, and the unity of heaven and man. This is very reasonable, if the family is rich, the country will be safe, and the country will be peaceful. People's desires are first and foremost sufficient food, so the government of a family begins with cooking, and the government of a country lies in sufficient food. There is a saying that if the family is not rich, then the ambition is restless, what is the wealth of the family? Food and clothing are also worry-free. Where does food and clothing come from? They all come from the ground. Therefore, Mencius's benevolent government must begin from the meridian boundary. The wealth is uneven, the upbringing is impossible, if you want to rule the world, the rest are all small tricks, only the average field, the division of the well field, is the way to long-term stability. If the cultivator has his field, then the people will spare no effort, the land will leave no profit, one hand and one foot will plough, one acre and one acre will be cultivated, the people will be exhausted, the land will be exhausted, why worry about the people not being rich, and the people will not be rich enough for the country! ”

The latter few sentences are Li Jing's theory, pointing out that the well field system not only allows the cultivator to have his land, but also makes the world free of open land, and if both are done, the country will be rich and the people will be safe. Zhang Zai's idea of the well field system was inherited from Li Ji, but Li Ji focused on expounding his theory with his will against his will, as if he was relying on the words of a sage, while Zhang Zai paid more attention to incorporating this thought into the theoretical system. Li Ji is anti-Mencius, and Zhang Zai is respectful of Mencius, and this difference is very normal.

Xu Ping didn't answer Zhang Zai's words, and asked him: "Xiucai, you have been planting grain for one season with these protons in the Nazhi Institute for more than half a year, and now you have harvested it in the previous season and are planting it in the next season." Let me ask you, what is indispensable if you want to produce food? ”

Zhang Zai was stunned for a moment, obviously he hadn't thought about this problem in detail before, and he thought about it in his heart, and said: "Grain production is naturally indispensable to the field, this is fundamental. In addition to the land, there are naturally people who need to cultivate it. Soil power and manpower are indispensable! ”

Xu Ping remained silent and asked, "In addition to the land and people, what else?" ”

Zhang Zai crossed his fingers and slowly calculated: "There are still cows, but without cattle, it is all manpower, and there are not many fields." In addition to oxen, plows, harrows, and cocoons are also indispensable. And-"

Xu Ping smiled and waved his hand: "Stay, it seems that this year, you haven't figured out this problem yet." Xiucai, if you want to have a bumper harvest of grains and a prosperous country and a strong country, it is not enough to talk about the fields alone. There is no crop, and all that grows in the field is weeds. But now, just having people is not enough. There will be oxen to plough and plant, there will be canals and wheels to carry water for irrigation, hoes will come and go from the weeds in the fields, there will be carts to bring the harvested crops to the homes, and there will be mills to turn grain into rice. All of these things are indispensable for farming. You're only talking about average fields, so what about that? How do you raise cattle? What about other ploughs, harrows, cocoons, etc.? How do you open a canal? How to divide the water for watering? Have you ever thought about it? ”

The students thought about it too. With the average land of the well field, so that the cultivator has his own field is one, but also to give military orders to the internal affairs, and set up field officials to manage the well field. Soldiers don't have to choose, they are all the people of this land, and they don't need to be put in place in case of war, and they are all officials of this land. People say that the system of the well field is difficult to do, and it must be said that the field of the world is not an ownerless thing, and if you want to collect the land into the county officials, it is inevitable that there will be dissatisfaction with the family of many fields. The students don't think so, as long as the family with more land makes the well field system as rich as ever, how can they be dissatisfied? Just like the ancient feudalism, those who have a wide range of land can let them be field officials, and do not choose public land for him, and the taxes collected from this field will be used as their income in place of the original land rent. It does not cost the state a single dollar or a meter, and all the land in the world is cultivated by the people, and the people of the world are managed by the field officials. After waiting for one or two decades, the land price has been offset by the tax on the public land, and the field officials can choose the best people to appoint. In this way, the trip to Jingtian benefited the world and everyone was happy. ”

Xu Ping shook his head, smiled and did not speak.

Whether it is Li Ji or Zhang Zai, advocating the well field system and average land is actually secondary, and the core is still in the military order in domestic affairs. Before Xu Parallel's New Deal, the lack of national use was trapped in raising soldiers, and the national strength was exhausted to raise hundreds of thousands of soldiers, but it was in vain that food could not be used to fight abroad, which was a heart disease of the Great Song Dynasty from top to bottom. In order to solve this problem, there are those who bury themselves in compiling military books, such as Zhang Zai, who find solutions from the pile of old papers, and those who change to the conscription system and even integrate the soldiers and the people.

It seems a little ridiculous to have a headache and have to go to the foot doctor, and a toothache has to have a leg saw, but in fact it is a helpless move. The Great Song Dynasty was born out of the five generations of warlord regimes, and there were natural defects in the military system and state affairs, and the emperor's psychological dependence on the army for the stability of the throne. Abolishing the secession of feudal towns is a problem for the emperor, but they are unwilling to put the military under politics and let the political affairs hall grasp politics and military at the same time. Because in this way, the power of the prime minister is too great, and the imperial power is squeezed.

Whether it is the use of literature to control the military, or whether the literati are in charge of the army, in fact, they are all brought about by the separation of military and politics. The literati did not directly manage the army, but through the military commanders, and the military generals led the troops and politics were completely separated. Even if you kill a thousand or a hundred generals, you can't change the fundamental system of the army, and this is still a warlord army separated from politics.

If it is a role, it is to successfully separate the military generals and civilian officials. As soon as the battle was lost, the civilian officials said that the military generals were useless, and the military generals said that the civilian officials were blindly commanding, in short, they were not responsible. Since the military generals were not allowed to interfere in politics, the military generals of the Great Song Dynasty were full of distrust of civil officials, whether they were wrong or not, as long as there was a punishment, it was the civilian officials who suppressed the military generals.

The army lost the battle, whose responsibility is it? Of course, the first is the responsibility of the army, and if you deny even that, it is nonsense. But in Xu Ping's previous life, I don't know where it came from, the army can't fight the military generals, because the civil officials in the court are in power, as long as the military generals are in power and the warlords are in charge, they can naturally fight. In fact, it is a historical fact that warlord rule has never even achieved the unification of the country, let alone the establishment of a prosperous era. The Qin State, which was integrated with military and political affairs, was also a civilian official.

It is a normal state system for civilian officials to be in power and military generals to manage the army, and the reason why the army cannot fight is not here, but the reason should be found from the army itself. There is no problem with the conscription system itself, and the professionalization and specialization of the armed forces is a normal law of development. But things are most afraid of going to extremes, moving from the conscription system to the mercenary system, and completely isolating the army from politics, there will be problems.

The Great Song Dynasty's imperial psychology depended on the army, so it became more and more mercenary, pathologically emphasizing loyalty to the emperor, and state responsibility became irrelevant. The deficiencies of the military system are still rooted in the matrix of the country's original warlord system.

People in this era have discovered this contradiction from many aspects and come up with various ways to solve it. Due to the limitations of history, they could only find a way from past experience, and the retro conscription system and the Ida system were proposed. In any case, when implementing these systems, the Central Plains Dynasty has always maintained a crushing posture against the surrounding areas.