Chapter 1269 - Establishment of a Bank and Issuance of Banknotes (3)
The task of establishing a bank and issuing paper money soon began to be implemented, the imperial court issued a holy decree, the imperial court by the Shang Shu Ling, the first assistant of the cabinet Zhu Xianxuan, the middle book order, the cabinet of the second assistant Yang Sichang under the leadership, the household department of Shangshu Su Tianhao is specifically responsible for the unified issuance of paper money, the right attendant of the household Song Sijun is specifically responsible for the establishment of the bank, the imperial court also made a decision, in the east of the city close to the Guanglu Temple of the original Ming Dynasty belongs to the east factory, changed to the headquarters of the Beijing Bank, the institution of issuing paper money, set up in the Wuying Palace.
The relevant requirements, Su Tiancheng also said in detail, especially the requirements for paper money, must not be easily imitated, must have the unique imprint of the imperial court, and must be able to press out the dark flower, this skill, a few craftsmen in the arsenal, can master this technique.
The people of the Great Jin Dynasty are still very simple, and the merchants are not so treacherous, but Su Tiancheng does not dare to guarantee that with the development of commerce and trade, people's thinking will slowly change, and many negative things will gradually appear, so it is probably the best way to increase the intensity of education and let people do things according to the requirements of Confucianism, and the government is also working hard in this regard.
The task of unified issuance of banknotes can be handled directly by the government at all levels, and this is also a phased matter, once the paper money is really circulated in the market, most of the things will be transferred to the bank to do, but the establishment of the bank, the government is not able to undertake it, you must know that the requirements of the court are not ordinary, all the prefectures and counties must start a bank, but the size is different, for example, in places like Beijing and Nanjing, at least two banks need to be opened, As for some very small counties, it is enough to have institutions such as banks.
Many details about the operation of the bank. Su Tiancheng personally examined and approved, and with the deepening of the discussion, Zhu Xianxuan, Yang Sichang, Fan Jingwen, Su Tianhao, Song Sijun and others almost all became experts, and each detailed rule was after repeated discussions and fierce debates.
Governors in various localities attached great importance to the establishment of banks and the unified issuance of banknotes.
Su Tiancheng's speech at the Imperial Palace. It was made into a holy decree and issued to all prefectures and counties.
It was also at this time that the relevant institutions at the provincial level were also undergoing reforms, the original political envoy department was abolished, the functions were attributed to the governor's yamen, the criminal prosecution department was retained, the functions were further strengthened, and the command envoy department was also abolished. The army was under the unified command of the imperial court, and the relevant public security functions were assigned to the governor's yamen under direct responsibility.
After such a change, the functions of the governor's yamen are unusually clear, and they are directly responsible for all matters of the national economy and people's livelihood, and cannot directly interfere except for the judiciary.
In addition, each province has added branches of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, which are directly under the leadership of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. The local governor shall not intervene in the primary responsibility of the branches. It is to supervise whether the government is performing its duties correctly, and directly investigate the illegal acts of officials.
The key to whether the bank can be a hit still lies in the many scholars and businessmen.
Ordinary people don't have so much silver, and even if they have a small amount of silver, they are carefully stored at home, and they will definitely not be easily put into the bank to deposit. Because they are not at ease, only after the paper money is completely circulated in the market and the gold and silver are basically withdrawn, I am afraid that the common people will deposit the silver in the bank. Besides, gold and silver as traded goods. The same has a significant role, and it can also be circulated in the market.
Another key is the staff in the bank.
Except for Su Tiancheng, everyone believed that the bank must establish a rank, and everyone was an official of the imperial court, which was like the treasury of each prefecture and county, whether it was the place where gold and silver were stored, or where grain was stored, the officials were directly responsible.
Su Tiancheng knew that only government-run banks had a way to survive, especially in the early days of their establishment, so he gave in on this issue, and the president of the bank directly had the right attendant of the household department, and the banks in various places must also be officials who directly serve as the president of the bank, and they must be official officials of the imperial court.
As the main responsible Song Sijun, he thinks more carefully, and he is also the busiest person, not only the selection of the bank, but also the fact that after the bank is established, it must be able to store enough gold and silver, so that the bank can really support and play a role in stabilizing the overall situation.
For some of the emperor's views, although Song Sijun insisted on his own views, but also had to follow the emperor's decision, for example, the responsibility of the bank and the unified issuance of currency were completely bundled, after careful consideration, Song Sijun did make sense, if the two can not be completely tied, it is estimated that the establishment of the bank and the unification of paper money, will encounter great difficulties.
As for the emperor's proposal that banks should not enter the government institutions, Song Sijun on the other side resolutely disagreed, and even Zhu Xianxuan and others had a fierce dispute with the emperor in the Qianqing Palace, and Song Sijun, who has always been engaged in commercial transactions and management, knew very well that the bank must have the coat of the government, although it was said that it was engaged in almost commercial and trade activities, but without the direct support of the government, many things were not easy to handle, and it was even more difficult to manage.
As a person of this era, Song Sijun is unusually outstanding among the merchants, but there are also limitations in understanding, and now the idea of the official position is very serious, such as Song Sijun's identity, he did not pass the imperial examination, but he became the right servant of the household department of the third grade of the Great Jin Dynasty, if it was in the Ming Dynasty, it would not be possible for such a thing to happen, even if he piled up the silver to buy a low-grade official hat, he was also looked down upon. Therefore, in Song Sijun's heart, he has the idea of gratitude, and he must work hard to do everything he does, and he must do his best, although Song Sijun's own ability has been unanimously recognized by the officials of the court.
Whether the issuance of paper money and the establishment of banks can be successful, to a large extent, thanks to the support of the gentry and wealthy families and merchants, it is needless to say that the officials of the court must take the lead, once the court begins to issue paper money in a unified manner, the officials of the court and the central government will receive all the banknotes, and the gold and silver in the officials' homes will also be deposited in the bank.
The officials in the court began to use paper money, which can push the issuance of paper money as quickly as possible, once the common people see that the officials are using paper money, they will also use it, as for those merchants, the sense of smell is the most keen, and the merchants can really feel great convenience from the use of paper money.
From this point of view, the slightly more difficult thing is probably the establishment of a bank.
Say a thousand ways and ten thousand, the bank must use people to deposit gold and silver, and then deposit paper money, so that the bank can carry out a comprehensive deposit and loan obligations, earn the difference in the middle, the early bank is mainly to play this role, as for the bank to become bigger and stronger, play a pivotal role, that is a matter of future consideration.
Therefore, Song Sijun must consider such problems.
This is also Song Sijun's advantage, so many years have passed, decades of business career, including later jurisdiction of many businesses, Song Sijun has a very wide range of contacts, in the businessmen have an unusual influence, this time after serving as the right servant of the imperial court, in the businessmen have an unusual prestige, plus Song Sijun does things flexibly, taking into account the interests of the businessmen, and the relationship with everyone is handled very well, this time to start a bank, Song Sijun of course needs to win the support of the businessmen.
Several of the largest businessmen have already expressed their position, because Song Sijun discussed with them the reasons for the establishment of the bank and many details, you must know that in the Ming Dynasty, businessmen did not have much status, unless it was a combination of government and business, with the identity of scholars and scholars, but after all, there are not many such businessmen, and the gentry and wealthy families focus on making money by operating land, so several big businessmen are actively supporting, making it clear that once the bank is established, They must have deposited all their gold and silver in the bank.
Propaganda and mobilization were carried out in such an atmosphere, and the mutual propaganda among the merchants, as well as some small books produced by Song Sijun to publicize the role of the bank, were widely circulated among the merchants.
Because the imperial court encouraged the development of commerce, so the trade in various places developed at a very rapid speed, in this process, the lack of silver abounded, especially in the process of expanding the workshop, many merchants had to borrow silver privately, about the role of the bank's publicity, the merchants are the most understandable, but also the most supportive.
From the perspective of modern people's thinking, banks also have a function, that is, to use ordinary people's money to make more money for rich people, which is an inevitable law, because rich people use it to do business, create wealth, and promote the development of society.
Song Sijun's hand has achieved very good results, and most of the businessmen support the establishment of the bank, and they are also looking forward to it.
The last thing that needs to be considered is the problem of bank personnel, there are banks in Fuzhou and counties, and a large number of people are needed, Zhu Xianxuan and others conservatively calculated, at least about 5,000 to 8,000 people are needed, and among so many people, according to the distinction of officials, half of them are officials, and half are officials, which is a little stretched for the imperial court, which is already understaffed.
The final workaround is that the Yamen of Fuzhou County transferred the officials who were originally engaged in household affairs to enter the bank, and the imperial court also transferred some officials from the capital, as for the personnel gap, recruited from the original officials of the Ming court, and in addition to the imperial examination in the second half of the year, it is also necessary to admit a lot of scholars to enter the imperial court to do things. (To be continued......)