"Xiqin's "Twelve Tables Law"?", he muttered silently, "This should be produced by the Suzhou General Interpretation Bureau, so I will take a closer look."

It turned out that the so-called "Twelve Tables Law" of the Western Qin Dynasty "is the ancient Roman "Twelve Tables Law" that he knew, which was advocated by the ancient Romans about 500 years before the Common Era, that is, in the pre-Qin era of our country, "by the citizen class, a written legislation from the bottom to the top." The background to its legislation was that after the establishment of the Roman Republic, the citizens were not much better off than before, they were mostly small farmers and merchants, they had to fight to the death in wartime, they were excluded from official positions in peacetime, and they could be sold into slavery because of debts. At that time, the law was unwritten, and "the power of interpretation was in the hands of the senate", which was naturally used by the aristocracy as a tool for persecution and exploitation of commoners.

Later, there was a prolonged rebellion of the common people, which forced the Senate to agree to elect tribunes to protect their rights. In 450 B.C., the Law of the Twelve Tables, demanded by the common people, was promulgated, which stipulated the political, economic, and legal rights of citizens in the form of legal texts. Although ten of the twelve copper plates were used to ensure the rights of the nobles, after all, there were two pieces that reflected the will of the commoners, and somewhat limited the arrogance of the nobles, which had always been regarded as a guideline by the ancient Romans.

By the time of the Roman Empire, the Law of the Twelve Tables was gradually refined into Roman law. The principles of the sale, sale and purchase of private property, cooperation and contract are still unmistakably recognized, and the sanctity of justice and fairness is particularly evident. The supremacy of the law over the monarch has become the consensus of citizens throughout the country: "Any ruler who opposes this principle will turn himself into a tyrant!" It is referred to by thousands of people.

The article that Shen Mo read first briefly introduced the "Twelve Tables Method", and then focused his pen and ink on a certain point. It says: "There is a law in the Twelve Tables, and the residential land of the citizen" and its surrounding two and a half feet are the private property of individuals. Citizens have the supreme right to this", and its effectiveness is incomparable between heaven and earth. It is still a guideline for the Europa people, and the Western proverb "the wind can enter, the rain can enter, but only the king cannot enter", which is an extension of this ancient law. ,, I think of my Chinese sages, and I also have such a spirit of publicity" Yang Zhu said: , the world does not benefit from the world, and the world does not take it. No one loses a single bit, everyone is not good for the world, and the world is governed. , Mencius picked this sentence and said, "Yang Zi takes it for me, plucks a hair and benefits the world, not for it." , according to the record "The Roman Republic and my pre-Qin were at the same time" It can be seen that at the beginning of life, people have their own private interests, and people have their own interests"

It is said that Yang Zhu and Mozi's student Yu Huali had a real and direct debate. Yu Huali asked him, "If plucking a single hair on your body can benefit the people of the world, whether you do it or not?,, the problem of the people of the world can never be solved by plucking a single hair," Yang Zhu replied.

Yu Huali asked again, and said, If you can, would you like to?, Yang Zhu ignored him...... Because it's simply not possible.

The so-called, plucking a hair to benefit the world" is actually a lie of the ruler, "I can pluck a hair from you today" and tear a piece of your skin tomorrow; I can dig you a piece of meat the day after tomorrow, and you can flower it the day after tomorrow, you have one leg! It can hurt your body today, and it can kill you tomorrow. The embankment of thousands of miles collapsed as soon as the ant ** opened, and it was out of control. Therefore, if you want to save your life, "you must block a dime or a dime from the smallest source, and you can't be illegally recorded."

It can be seen that what Yang Zhu opposes is wantonly recording and seizing civilian property in the name of righteousness, "he thinks that this is just drinking water to quench thirst" and cannot solve the problem. It's remarkable that the author of this article can think of this.

Shen Mo continued: "This will not be the case in the future generations, the world is ashamed of their words, even if there are people who have their own hearts, it is difficult to speak. And it is said, "Under the whole world, it is not the king's land, it is not the shore of the land, it is not the king's ministers, it is the king's lord, the people are slaves, the benefits of the world are all attributed to the top, and the harm of the world is attributed to the people!" Why? It is because the people of the world dare not speak of their own interests and dare not be selfish", so the tyrant's only husband "can knock on the bones of the world" and separate the children of the world! The small people are speechless, and they will eventually lose their property and die" are cornered, and the world is in chaos! Therefore, I am saying that the interests of the small people are not guaranteed, and the superior wantonly embezzles his wealth, which is really the great harm of the world! If everyone dares to be selfish, then everyone will benefit himself! Then he can be harsh on miscellaneous taxes and "forcibly seize and rob?" Then the upper and lower levels are safe and sound, and the world is called the rule also", woohoo, Mencius did not like Yang Zhu, and said: "The priest is unrestrained, and there is no word of the king, but today's view, to make Yang Zhu's words permeate the world, then my Chinese people will not have the pain of chaos and dynasty replacement, and the world will be the same soon."

……………………”

After reading this short five or six hundred words, his silent back was actually wet with sweat, and he read it twice again, "before I remembered to look at the author's signature, and said "Qingdu Loose Guest" Obviously, the other party also knew that this article was deviant, and wanted to avoid trouble, so he used an alias.

"I really underestimated the ancients!" Shen Mo couldn't help but sigh again and again, but his heart was surging and excited. He couldn't eat this meal anymore, so he picked up the half of the rich silk hanging on his lips, walked to the window next to the lake, and saw that there were waterfowl playing outside.

He grabbed the lattice with both hands, took a deep breath, and lowered his voice vigorously: "My way" is not wrong! For a long time, the Wanjun boulder that had been pressed on his heart finally loosened a little, which allowed him to penetrate a little. Angry.

Looking at Shen Ge Lao, whose eyes were red and epileptic, the people were all frightened, and said in their hearts, what is the matter? Is the dish too salty?

How do they know that Shen Mo has been waiting for this moment for a whole ten years, and when he planted the first seed in the southeast, he looked forward to the day when he could open the country, introduce Western scientific ideas, and spread new ideas through newspapers, but he did not have the ability to forcibly change people's minds.

Shen Mo was originally worried that the people of the country would be arrogant, rather stubborn, and forever stubborn in the words of the "sage" of the ancestors? But it turns out that it was he who underestimated the ancients, as Xavier said: "The arrogance of the Chinese people stems from their ignorance, and once they learn something that others are better than themselves, they "will learn with the greatest enthusiasm." He thought that it would take twenty or thirty years, or even forty or fifty years, for what he had done to have an effect. But now, only ten years later, someone has begun to "discuss the inviolability of private property", which is the most fundamental spark for the realization of his dream of protecting civil rights and limiting dictatorship!

Because all rights can ultimately be attributed to property rights, "only when personal property is inviolable, and the idea is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, will the Ming Dynasty transition to a contract society." And only in a contract society can there be no unrestricted power "in order to realize one's ideals...... With the development of the commodity economy in the Ming Dynasty, personal property is no longer exclusive to the elite class, a large number of small businessmen, skilled workers, have their own property, silently believe that the idea of protecting private property will appear in China!

However, in the long course of history, this kind of thinking and its proposer, Yang Zhu, have been demonized by the ruling class sparing no effort to "call for defending their own interests" as degenerate selfishness, and regrettably, this "Qing capital scattered guest, the view is also one-sided, and has not stepped out of the trap of inertial thinking, if people really follow what he said, blindly under the banner of "self-valued, the result is likely to only know their own pleasures" without the spirit of sacrifice, and even the social morality has also been lost, then the world must be a mess.

In fact, Yang Zhu's true meaning must not be understood one-sidedly. In his whole words, not only does he not have to lose the slightest benefit to the world, but also "and then there is, the world does not take a whole body", and these two sentences are connected, and we must understand at the same time that while defending our own interests, we must not infringe on the interests of others, let alone sacrifice the entire society to satisfy the selfish desires of a very small number of people.

Yang Zhu saw through the result of Xiaomin's personal sacrifice, but it was only to satisfy some other very small number of individuals, and this is called "extreme selfishness!" The problem is that this kind of extremely selfish behavior is carried out under the banner of "the world is for the public,、, the public and the public is selfless." And the "selfishness" advocated by Yang Zhu is essentially the real selflessness!

This is where Yang Zhu's thought is difficult to be accepted, but its profundity is also here. This is the achievement of any social goal, which cannot be achieved at the expense of the personal interests of each individual. Because "the happiness of all people in the world" is composed of the happiness of each person, and it is the sum of the happiness of all people in the world. If everyone is not happy, but they say that everyone in the world is happy, can this happiness be collected? If it is said that for the happiness of the people in the world, everyone must be unhappy, and everyone must sacrifice "like that, happiness", what do you want it to do?

Selfless dedication is, of course, noble and great. As everyone, it's perfectly okay to do that. If you do so sincerely, I will pay you the highest respect. But if you ask others to do it, to ask everybody to do it, then all I can say is that you can't ask for that, and you don't have the right to ask for that!"

Because selfless dedication is a virtue, "a noble spirit that can only be promoted, not compelled by law." Only when everyone's life can not be harmed, and everyone's interests can not be harmed, the world can be governed by great governance, which is called "everyone does not lose a single bit, everyone is not good for the world, and the world is governed" is the real view of Yang Zhu, and it is also the view of Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi.

To put it bluntly, whether it is Yang Zhu or "Twelve Bronze Table Law", it is all about defending the interests of ordinary people, don't treat small people as people! To put it more clearly, "that is, do not arbitrarily infringe upon and seize the rights of the individual people in the name of the overall situation of the country!"

If that, the Qing capital, can straighten out the implied philosophy, then this article "can even be regarded as the first "Declaration of Human Rights" in the history of China. However, he did not make it clear: "Therefore, what awaits him will be an overwhelming attack and abuse......

Despite this, for a man who is constantly groping and sneaking in the dark, this is already like a guiding light, enough to make him rejoice: "I am not fighting alone, more and more people will join in, and the salary will be passed on, and the sparks will be sparked!"

Yes, I believe! In order to protect this spark, I am willing to be the enemy of anyone, even if I bear eternal infamy!

…………

After breakfast, Geng Xiang came over to invite him as agreed. Although Shen Mo was under the emperor's order this time, it was not easy to participate in too many additional activities, but he still readily agreed to Geng Xiang's request to go to Chongzheng Academy to give a lesson. After getting the silent XX, Geng Xiang went back to actively prepare, who knew that the news spread "actually attracted students from various provinces in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to flock to it, not only to stuff Chongzheng Academy to the full, but even on the cool mountain where it is located, it is full of students who come to see him.

In this case, of course, Shen Mo couldn't miss the appointment, so he changed into a Confucian robe with soap and white silk, and took a car with Geng Xiangxiang "to the cool mountain in the west corner of Nanjing. At that time, Zhuge Liang called Jinling Xingsheng as "Zhongfu Longpan, Stone Tiger Standing", this tiger squatting on the bank of the river refers to Qingliang Mountain, which can be seen in its feng shui prosperity.

As soon as the car arrived at the mountain, "Shen Mo saw that five or six thousand scholars were standing on both sides of the road up the mountain, and he couldn't help but look at Geng and said, "It's bothering Brother Tiantai." ”

"You've wronged me." Geng Xiang shook his head and said, "I know you don't like pomp and circumstance, how can you do that kind of flattering thing?" said with emotion: "I haven't seen it yet, this is spontaneous by the students!"

"Then I still have to thank Brother Tiantai." , a smile finally appeared on Shen Mo's face.

"You're welcome." Geng Xiang laughed at this.

The first sentence of silent thanks was actually an implicit dissatisfaction, feeling that Geng Xiang was too good at sycophancy; But the second sentence is different, it is a sincere thank you to Geng Xiang for his unsparing publicity over the years, which led to today's shocking scene.

The two laughed and came out of the carriage to see the students all over the mountain rumbling down, singing like a tide: "Greetings, Mr." No matter how you do outside, "When you come to the academy, there are only two identities, student and sir, which have been the rules since the day when the academy was established five hundred years ago.

"Everyone, please." Shen Mo smiled faintly and stretched out his hand to help, then stretched out his hand to Geng Xiang and said, "Mountain Chief, please!"

"Sir, please!" Geng Xiang's face, as well as the humility of officialdom completely disappeared, replaced by a solemn face.

The two walked hand in hand on the stone path of the mountain, surrounded by students, and headed towards the college. Along the way, I saw the ancient trees on the mountain, the secluded paths were heavy, and the white clouds flew waterfalls, just like the fairy world...... The academy is located at the eastern foot of the mountain, and according to Geng Orientation, it is said that the body of the king of Jizo is sitting in meditation here. Shen Mo listened and said with a smile: ", Jizo King Bodhisattva said, hell is not empty, and you will not become a Buddha" You Geng Tiantai is, and you don't preach to teach" Vow not to give up, ah."

"Falsely praised." Geng Xiang smiled implicitly. At this time, you can see the whole picture of the academy, it is divided into three entrances according to the nose of the mountain, the first hall and the second hall are connected by the corridors on both sides, and between the second hall and the third hall is an extremely wide open bluestone platform, which is the place where the lecture is held.

At this moment, at the highest place of the platform, a pulpit has been set up, and there are futons, incense burners, and small tables on the pulpit, and tea and white towels on the small tables. The students poured onto the stone platform, and soon they were shoulder to shoulder, densely packed with skulls.

After the students sat down and the platform was quiet, Shen Mo jumped on the podium, sat cross-legged on the futon, looked at the surrounding vastness, and looked up at the "Hundred miles in a circle, he suddenly remembered the words of Taizu: Independence in the cold autumn, the Xiangjiang River goes north, and the head of Orange Island."

Look at the mountains red all over, the forests are dyed; The river is clear and transparent, and hundreds of boats compete for the stream.

The eagle strikes the sky, "the fish soars to the shallow bottom, and all kinds of frost compete in the sky.

Confused, ask the vast earth, who is the master of ups and downs?

What Taizu saw was the Xiangjiang River, and what he saw was the Yangtze River, but the scene of the big river rolling in the distance was the same.

……

Silent in Chongzheng Academy, of course, it is impossible to talk about that, Yang Zhuzhixue "As a high-ranking official of the Ming Dynasty", a positive figure who has attracted the attention of Shilin, "no matter how uninhibited he is in his heart, he must follow the rules in words and deeds" must not come out with those shocking words.

Therefore, what he talked about was still the study of the mind, or the set of "the mind has no ontology, and the effort goes, that is, its ontology" This set of theories on the cultivation of Wang Xue" caused a lasting sensation in Beijing, and now it is said in front of the scholars in the south, and the warning effect is even better, because Wang Xue's rightists occupy a dominant position here, and the disadvantages of talking about empty theories and detaching themselves from practice are even greater than those in the north.

In convincing language, Shen Mo pointed out Wang Xue's own shortcomings...... He said that people attacked Wang Xue's "empty talk without reality, not without a target, so he taught students to reflexively introspect "No, empty talk" emphasizing that what kung fu goes to is the ontology.

At the same time, he agreed with the opposition of "Luo Rufang, who is well-known among the scholars in the southeast, except for dressing and eating", and talked about the words and deeds of "acting in one place", ontological kung fu in one place, and the people and things of the country in the world; He also agreed with Hu Zhi, "To be an official is to do his duty", and believed that those who do their best know their nature, and should not just ask for their own lives and regard the pain and itch of the people and things as irrelevant to themselves. Theoretically, he placed ontology and kung fu on the same level, "requiring scholars to pay attention to the combination of practice and theory,......

On Qingliang Mountain, witnessed by 5,000 students, another Confucianism established the world......