Tao Chengzhang's report mentions the third path of industrialization, which is also the most objective and realistic road, which basically solves the problem of who to sell products to after industrialization; In other words, if you want to implement the five-year industrial plan, the political and economic system must be a totalitarian model, otherwise it will not be possible to distribute according to the plan, which is also the fundamental reason why Yang Rui did not choose this model.

I remember that ten years ago in the Northeast, many farmers could not afford to buy a calf of less than 30 taels, how could they have as much money as American farmers, tractors, and Fords. Now the cost of diesel engine has been pressed to the minimum, regardless of any profits, depreciation, accrual, the material labor cost of the four-horse single-cylinder diesel engine body is less than ten taels, but the cost of each set of fuel injection pumps is 43.75 taels, turn on the wheels, frame and other accessories, a small walk-behind tractor costs more than 150 taels. Who can afford such an expensive tractor? Agricultural mechanization does not work, it can only be agricultural chemicalization, which is completely feasible, but is this the only way?

After Tao Chengzhang's report was finished, while everyone present applauded, Yang Rui asked: "Huanqing, you said that it is either agricultural mechanization, like the United States; Either it is the chemical of agriculture, like France; Is there no third way out? ”

Yang Rui's question is to the point, the world is so big, are there really only these two models? As soon as his words fell, the officials of various ministries looked at Tao Chengzhang, he thought about it for a while, and said: "There is another country outside these two models. That's Denmark. Denmark is also a country with few people and a lot of people, but it uses a lot of machinery. Although there is a strong pastoral industry, it also proves that agriculture is not only mechanized or chemicalized. But. Tao Chengzhang deliberately glanced at Cai Yuanpei, the secretary of the school, and said helplessly: "The Danish model, I will call it agricultural science, but this requires the whole people's vegetarian to reach a certain height. ”

'......Papa' Cai Yuanpei's applause sounded first, although it was not his turn to make a report, but obviously he couldn't hold it back, he couldn't help but say: "When fifty-six projects were built before. Finances are tilted towards the military, and now that the war is over, should we focus on education and start universal primary education? ”

Although the marketization of junior and primary school education that was decided before was problematic, it achieved good results, but the officials of the school department who were obsessed with morality always felt that this was insulting and had a very low evaluation of this type of education. But Yang Rui only looks at the results, and the report of the Audit Bureau under the Inspectorate has many affirmations on the marketization of education. It is believed that the marketization of junior primary school education has fully mobilized social resources to run schools, and does not rely entirely on the graduates of normal schools, which greatly reduces the pressure on teachers.

At the same time, from the point of view of economic income. Normal graduates are satisfied with their social status and salary income because they teach high schools and high schools, and those talented children after the abolition of the imperial examination. As well as those students who are studying in Japan, they are finally no longer idle. Have a legitimate job. Although a junior high school graduate is only given seven taels of silver, in fact, the parents of the students will more or less send some grain, rice, fish and meat during the New Year's Festival. As a result, the income of private school teachers is much better than previously estimated, and people in the countryside who have no way out are eager to buy it. If you really want to talk about the shortcomings, that is, those old scholars mostly believed in Confucianism, taught mostly thousand-character essays and the like, and only taught the textbooks designated by the school department when it was time for the exam, which can be regarded as a kind of soft resistance of Confucian believers to the government.

Seeing Cai Yuanpei mentioning the popularization of primary school education again, Qiu Jin of the Ministry of Civil Affairs also said: "It is indeed up to the government to popularize education, otherwise many private schools will not accept female students, and in the long run, women will still be illiterate." ”

Yang Rui remembered that he had calculated before, the popularization of junior primary schools would cost 100 million taels, if even the high primary schools were counted, it would cost more than 200 million taels, land reform and land redemption money, industrialization and railway construction would cost money, how could there be so much money to popularize primary schools, and now there are so few readers, primary school students are equivalent to college students in later generations, 10 million college students graduate a year, and if they can't find a job and can't be an official, wouldn't it be a national chaos.

Qiu Jin echoed, and Tao Chengzhang, who provoked the whole topic, said: "I have a mention, no matter how popular, I will add agricultural technology education to primary school education." Agricultural chemistry, that is at least the need for farmers to know nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, pesticides, and their use, the literacy rate of the members of the peasant associations at the bottom is very low, even if they are literate and do not understand chemistry; In addition, the admission rate of middle school is very low, and those students who are not admitted to junior high school can use this knowledge when they return home. ”

After Tao Chengzhang finished speaking, Cai Yuanpei was about to open his mouth to agree, when Yu Huizu, the host of the meeting, knocked on the table and said: "If you don't have any confusion about the content of Huanqing's report, then the Ministry of Agriculture will stop here." As soon as Yu Huizu said, Cai Yuanpei could only stop talking, and then Yu Huizu said again: "Next, please ask Master Sheng of the Ministry of Transport to make a report......

The Ministry of Transport is the majority, Sheng Xuanhuai pulled up just a memorial arch, he himself also knows this, is in addition to the original when he went all out to recycle the postal rights, most of the other times are playing haha, but seeing Yang Rui's side is indeed regardless of the past, plus the conscious age is not long, it is estimated that he wants to do something before he dies, and he has been promising this year.

With his old cough, the second difficult report in the various books was read out, to the effect that he agreed with the model of concession experience proposed by the Ministry of Households, that is, he was worried about whether the people had so much money to invest in the construction of railways - he did not know that the original intention of the railway concession was to recover the down payment cash received by the landlords after the land reform, and that it was best for him to build the railways at the expense of the state, especially the construction of trunk roads, which could not be delayed; As for the Western Regions Railway, which is currently under construction, he believes that if the financial situation allows, road construction engineers should be hired from Japan, and construction should be started in many places, so that the railway should be repaired to Ili as soon as possible......

The Western Regions Railway is a national key project, and the railway was built for ten years in history, but minus the delay caused by special reasons, if it is like the Chengdu-Kunming Railway at no expense, it can be opened first in the eleventh year of Shenwu, and the Chinese government is extremely paradoxical in repairing the railway. That is, there is no need to spend time exploring, and it is directly repaired according to the map of the later generations. You can't go wrong.

After writing down the key contents of Sheng Xuanhuai's report, especially the matter of hiring engineers from Japan, it was already time to leave work. Yu Huizu announced the dismissal of the meeting, and Yang Rui, who returned to the back house, thought about Zhang Taiyan's report and Tao Chengzhang's report, although he was walking with Han Xianfeng, but there was no sentence of 'uh-huh, ah' to her, Han Xianfeng didn't blame him when he saw him, all the men thought about was state affairs, so ignore it.

When the moon hadn't come up yet, the housekeeper said that Xu Shangshu was here, and Yang Rui went back to take a look. found Xu Huafeng sitting in the living room with a frown, and waited for Yang Rui to come in, he came back to his senses and said: "Actually, after listening to Huanqing's report, I can't let it go." ”

"Hehe, I'm thinking about it too." Yang Rui said with a smile. But he was thinking not only of Tao Chengzhang, but also of Zhang Taiyan.

Seeing that Yang Rui also agreed, Xu Huafeng's expression stretched a little and said. "I thought to myself, I just want to build so many factories, who do you want to sell the things you make? Is it still possible for Russia? ”

Previously, it was discussed that he wanted to sell industrial products to the post-revolutionary Soviet Union, but Yang Rui, who became more and more aware of the importance of Vladivostok to the Soviet Union, gradually became disillusioned with this idea. That's actually right. The great Comrade Lenin famously said in later generations that is often overlooked: 'The Far East is far away, but it is ours.' 'I really chose to be friendly with the Soviet Union. At most, it can spend a lot of money to get back the lost territory in the outer northwest and south, that is, Central Asia. But in the Far East, that is impossible.

Xu Huafeng was influenced by Yang Rui before. Yesterday, however, he read an article in a Russian newspaper in the International Newsletter, and saw that the Russians had declared that they would rather lose Poland than the Far East, and immediately began to doubt the future Sino-Russian relations, saying that if the two countries were to fight each other, the factory would be built in vain.

Rolled the cigarette on the cigarette case and paused, then slowly lit it, and after the first puff of the cigarette came out, Yang Ruicai said: "Difficult!" If you don't get to the Far East from the Tsar, you will only be at odds with post-revolutionary Russia. ”

"Then the tsar can't possibly agree, right?" Xu Huafeng asked.

"Hmm. It's difficult, the emperor is not a politician, every piece of land is his flesh, and it will hurt if he cuts it. What we can do now is to buy the Russians in the Outer Northeast, drive them all away, and then in the next three or four years, fill in one or two million people with the Japanese, and create a fait accompli. Yang Rui said that the only way he could think of now, and then said: "Finally, we are building a Far East, so as to avoid direct conflict between the two countries, and this Far East, if the population is all Asian, then the dominance of the government will finally be in our hands, and Vladivostok will be a commercial port, which can be leased to Russia." This served the purpose of preventing the Russian troops from being stationed in the Far East. ”

"Far East?" Xu Huafeng read this strange name, but he didn't know that this was the historical Far Eastern Republic, when Lenin didn't want to directly confront Japan, so he saved the country, Yang Rui repeatedly considered history, and felt that this was the only way not to fight with the Soviet Union and prevent the Soviet Union from stationing troops in the Far East.

"Yes, Far East. If no agreement had been reached from the Tsar, this would have been the last resort. Of course, the war still has to be fought, but it is the Far East that is playing against Russia, and it has nothing to do with us. Yang Rui said.

"That's right," Xu Huafeng really didn't know what to say, and after half a ring, he said, "Isn't the Russian army unable to fight?" ”

"Hehe, Mr. Huafeng, then do you think the Manchu army can fight?" Yang Rui understood what he meant, and asked rhetorically.

Comparing the current revival army with the previous Qing army, Xu Huafeng couldn't help but nodded, and Yang Rui said again: "China and Russia are the real powerhouses on this continent, and if they really want to go to war with the whole country, it will not be millions against millions, but tens of millions against tens of millions." We will definitely win in the Far East, but what about the Western Regions? At the time of the founding of the country, there were 2.17 million people in the Western Regions, and there were only 140,000 Han Chinese. On the other side of Central Asia, there are 7 million people, and Russian immigrants are about 2 million, and Russia does not need to mobilize the European part to eat us. ”

"So you're in a hurry to build a road over there?" Xu Hua sealed. The Western Regions Railway is already the No. 1 project, and all resources are tilted towards this side.

"Yes, after the railway is repaired, the troops will be able to fight a dozen in the past, and without the railway, it may really retreat to Gansu." Yang Rui said that he didn't want to talk about the affairs of the Far East and Central Asia anymore, and asked at the moment: "If you have a bad relationship with Russia, the industrial plan will indeed have to be adjusted, and I have thought about those words of Huanqing for a long time." It still makes perfect sense. I'm not talking about the chemicalization of agriculture, but about agriculture as the mother of industry. Supporting agriculture will not only prosper light industry. It can also drive heavy industry, this path of industrialization is right, but our foundation is too thin, if we want to achieve industrialization, it is not possible to complete it in 30 years. ”

"That's what I'm thinking about." Xu Hua said, "Tao Huanqing is right, industry must be dependent on agriculture or mining in order to have great development, and to support agriculture, the first is to increase the yield per mu." Then strengthen the circulation of materials, don't you say, 'If you want to get rich, build roads first', this transportation and mu yield are complementary to each other, otherwise there will be too much food, and eventually it can only rot in the ground, so the railway must be built and the river must be cleared. Roads also need to be repaired. ”

"Highway?" Yang Rui was very surprised, the Ministry of Transportation also had a highway plan, but Yang Rui did not study it in detail.

"yes, the highway. Of course, it's not an asphalt road from Tianjin to Beijing. It is an ordinary gravel road, which can be built by the county and township governments when the farming is not working, and the financial allocation is required. But the lion's share was raised by the local government through the National Taxation Bureau. If we really want to increase the peasants' income, then it will not be a big problem to collect some more taxes. Xu Hua sealed. There are cars only when there are roads, and there are not Ford cars in the United States. Then we'll build a tricycle. ”

Xu Huafeng said this, Yang Rui suddenly laughed, but he didn't want him to take out a piece of information very seriously, and said: "This is a few sophomore summer interns of Taiyuan Diesel Engine Factory, the leader is called Zhi Bingyuan, and he designed such a car, do you think it will be successful?" ”

Xu Huafeng took out a few drawings, and there was a photo at the end, which made Yang Rui very kind at a glance, isn't this the Shifeng agricultural tricycle of later generations. He smiled and said: "The walk-behind tractor has to be one hundred and fifty taels, how much horsepower does this three-wheeled agricultural vehicle have, I'm afraid it will cost more than three hundred taels, right?" ”

"They built four horsepower, and then they ran out of horsepower, so they switched to an eight-horsepower diesel engine. You know, the key to diesel engines is that the fuel injection pump is expensive, I didn't let people calculate it, but if it really wants to be mass-produced and completely simplified like Ford cars, the cost can still be reduced to two hundred taels. Xu Huafeng said again: "Actually, you can't underestimate the farmers' money bags too much, a medium-sized family in the rural area of Zhili can collect more than 2,000 catties of grain and more than 100 catties of cotton every year, plus sideline work and workmanship, the income is also fifty or sixty taels a year, if you can pay in installments, plus fertilizer to increase income, these two hundred taels of agricultural vehicles can still buy a lot."

Besides, I think about the finished products thoroughly, isn't this steel, and in the final analysis, it is still labor hours. For example, in the United States, American auto factory workers can earn $2.5 a day of work, but we can get $2.5 a month for half a month, which is remarkable. A car is more than half a ton of steel, more than 20 taels of silver, in addition to raw materials, the rest of the cost is labor, as long as our efficiency can be the same as the Americans, the cost can be one-fifteenth of him, that is to say, the same for the benefit of the special car, as long as the efficiency is the same, our labor cost is only one-fifteenth of him, he sells five hundred dollars a car, we sell forty dollars is enough. ”

Xu Huafeng's cost algorithm is very novel, the smelting industry will cause different costs due to the location of the mine, the depth of burial, and the quality of the minerals, but when the ore becomes steel, the remaining thing is nothing more than to turn the steel into parts, and then finally assemble, which is actually manual. Now there is a scarcity of skilled workers in China, so the wages of workers are not lower than those in the United States, but this can be solved, but the scale of production, Ford can build 200,000 cars a year......

Thinking of this, Yang Rui said: "Can you build 200,000 vehicles a year?" ”

"It's not whether you can build 200,000 vehicles, but the cost is really reduced to 40 dollars per vehicle, that is, how many people will buy it in 60 or 2?" Xu Huafeng asked rhetorically.

"Hehe, I'm really dizzy," Yang Rui said with a smile, "If the price of a car is really forty dollars, then the whole world will go crazy, not only China." ”

"That's the truth!" Xu Huafeng slapped his thigh in a faux pat in faux paws. "I didn't figure it out before I came, but I came to you and I got the same thing. If you really want to achieve industrialization, five tasks to do well, the first is education, now some of the old tracks of technology are loaned to open factories, those who will come out to do things, but also think that they are a master, the price is very high, outrageous a year actually opened to 1,000 taels, but fortunately we have trained a lot of high school students, technical school students, otherwise they really have to be pinched, so the first article of industrialization is necessary to have a sufficient number of industrial workers who do not require high wages, which is the key to reducing costs.

Second, there must be buyers. Eighty percent of our country are peasants, and if the peasants are not rich, they really don't know who to sell the industrial products to. What is our situation now, that is, the domestic factories are not scaled up, the purchasing power of farmers is poor, the market is too small, and the salaries of skilled workers are very high, and the result is that the efficiency is several times or more than ten times lower than that of Europe and the United States, and the things made are naturally ridiculously expensive.

As a result, the cars sold to farmers in the United States are sold to the rich in our country, so we have to compete with foreign farmers' cars when we build rich people's cars, and farmers can't afford to build farmers' cars. There is only one solution, that is, to make farmers rich, the richer farmers, the lower the threshold for industrial scale, such as pesticides and fertilizers to increase farmers' income, a year income of 50 taels into a year of income of 70 taels, then the extra money saved for two years is enough to buy a car.

Third, it is transportation, whether it is waterways, railways, or highways, and the peasants' extra grain can only be turned into money when it is transported out, and this money can stimulate industry whether it is to buy automobiles or other industrial products.

Fourth, technology and management. We have a lot of superior technologies, so we have to recognize patents, but once the patents are recognized, if industrialization involves patents in other countries, then people have to pay patent fees, which will naturally increase the cost; Then management, although I have not been to the United States to see Ford's assembly line, but actually into the advocacy of cellular management I feel better than that, maybe we have higher requirements for workers, not only to teach him to screw the screw, but also to teach him why to screw the screw, so that the training fee will go up, but these people are not the same as the machine will always do one thing, but can continue to grow, this is the most rare, just like a war, our soldiers may become generals in the future, no matter how bad they are, they are also a non-commissioned officer, a lieutenant, this morale will go up. ”

Xu Huafeng is rare to make a long speech, but his points are right to the point, especially the first one, a large part of the cost of industrial products is labor, and reducing labor can only rely on education, Yang Rui, who originally thought that primary school graduates could not be too much, finally understood why the country expanded when he took the college entrance examination, which is simply to provide cheap skilled workers for industrialization. It seems that primary schools are bound to become popular, and technical schools will also have large-scale enrollment......

By this time, he understood very well, what is industrialization? Industrialization is the intersection of the cost of industrial labor and the purchasing power of agricultural laborers. The United States is sparsely populated, rich in minerals, has a high purchasing power of agricultural laborers, and a large number of European immigrants have made industrial labor costs very low, which makes its industrial scale the largest in the world, and the automobile industry is the best example. In order for China to achieve industrialization, it will achieve industrialization by reducing the cost of industrial labor through universal education, and then increasing the purchasing power of farmers through land reform and agricultural chemicalization.

Yang Rui listened to Xu Huafeng's words, while walking in the living room, only waiting for the others to finish speaking, he came to his senses, and asked very puzzled, "Mr. Huafeng, it's over, is there anything else?" ”

Yang Rui listened to it unfinished, Xu Huafeng poured several sips of tea in a row, as soon as the Midyear Festival passed, Beijing began to have some autumn, especially these days have been very dry. He said: "This is the way, but I think some export industries should be retained in the original plans: one is diesel engines, especially small and medium-sized diesel engines, and related industries agricultural machinery, trucks, and merchant ships have advantages, which is a piece;

The second is the motor, the permanent magnet motor is more reliable than the excitation motor that is widely used now, whether it is reliable, performance, price has a great advantage, with the permanent magnet motor as the base point, all kinds of electrical appliances, can be benefited by it, this is a piece;

The third is chemical industry, combined alkali production, synthetic ammonia-derived fertilizers, pesticides, organic chemistry and polymer chemistry produced rayon, synthetic rubber, various plastics, etc., these are our strengths, this is a piece;

Finally, there is the military industry, tanks, submarines, and airplanes, which should be sold on a large scale; In particular, airplanes, I think they should be launched as soon as possible like diesel engines, and we can keep the generation difference, even if there is no generation difference, we still have tetraethyl lead. This is the most important thing to be able to get to market before anyone else does, and to be able to continuously upgrade performance and stay ahead of the curve. (To be continued......)