The higher education system of old China concentrated too many resources in the liberal arts. There is a shortage of science and engineering talents that are really urgently needed. There is no large-scale modern industry, and the vast majority of engineering students are unemployed upon graduation. If you can't study abroad, you can either change careers, or you can only figure out how to do it yourself.

And although university fees are not expensive, they are not affordable to ordinary families, especially peasant families, who make up most of China. Tuition fees are very expensive, and it is difficult to find a job, and it is difficult to pay and gain proportionally. Engineering students, unlike liberal arts students, are not able to stay in school or go abroad for further study, and it is difficult to find a satisfactory job, which further limits the number of people studying engineering.

The limited number of graduates is biased towards the domestic employment of light industry, mining, railways, chemical industry, etc., mainly in light industry and transportation, and the number of talents urgently needed by real heavy industry is very small. The number of graduates majoring in metallurgy, machinery, power, materials, shipbuilding, etc., is extremely scarce.

Not only can it not meet the needs of large-scale industrial construction in China, but it has also affected China's development for a period of time. These people are the foundation of heavy industry, and without these people it would be impossible to build heavy industry. Even if you buy industrial equipment, it will not be able to play as well as it should.

Relying solely on the masters of the humanities, no matter how famous they are, no matter how high their level of learning. Nor can it really play any role in the construction of the national economy. A rich country and a strong army are inseparable from industry, and the construction of modern industry is inseparable from a large number of science and engineering talents.

Those so-called scholars may have made a lot of achievements in the study of history and literature. But no matter what they are writing about, history, philosophy, and the humanities basically have no role in industrialization. The development of the country is inseparable from these people, but these people basically do not play any role in building a modern industry and building a real industrial power.

Can the construction and development of a country rely on the study of history and natural sciences, and what kind of sociology is there? Can these things make a country truly rich and powerful? The answer is obvious. As for the American and British model of general education, although the quality of the students produced is better than that of the Soviet model. However, in the case of a weak foundation, the speed and quantity of training are far from keeping up with the needs.

In this case, the Soviet model became the only option. Perhaps the only mistake was to reduce the number of comprehensive universities too low. The spin-off of several well-known comprehensive universities has hurt the vitality a bit, and it is quite difficult to recover.

However, the entire national education system is weak and the majority of the country is illiterate. It has become an inevitable choice to compress liberal arts majors and focus on the development of science and engineering, especially the most urgently needed engineering majors. Moreover, Yang Zhen absolutely did not think that it was a mistake to nationalize the church university at that time.

In an era when college students are more precious than gold, science and engineering students, who are most urgently needed for national construction and national defense construction, naturally have to occupy a priority position. Under this premise, all other disciplines have to give in. Because without these talents, it is simply impossible to build a modern industrial base.

When returning to this era, when large-scale industrial construction began in the Northeast Base Area, Yang Zhen truly understood the hardships of the founding leaders of later generations. On the one hand, it is necessary to build modern industry, especially the much-needed defense industry, and start construction on a large scale. On the one hand, there is a huge shortage of engineering talents, and the limited talents are far from meeting the needs.

At present, the construction of base industries is not progressing fast except for equipment imports due to capital and US export restrictions. The biggest difficulty is the shortage of qualified engineering talents. You can't let a scholar of literature engage in oil exploration. Let a person who is engaged in natural sciences study aircraft engine design.

Even the science and engineering graduates mobilized from Kannai can barely meet the minimum demand for the time being. Excluding the science personnel engaged in basic research, the number of engineering talents remaining is intolerably low. The predicament of qualified personnel has not only limited the speed of industrial construction, but has even affected the modernization of the armed forces.

Therefore, when Yang Zhen selected international students, he could only lean in these directions under the situation of persecution and helplessness. The most urgently needed engineering aspect has been placed in a top priority. Metallurgy, chemical engineering, geology, machinery, shipbuilding, power and other engineering majors can be studied in the same way.

When the book is used, there is less hatred, and when people use it, there is also less hatred. Under his already set goals, Yang Zhen really couldn't stand the slow training mode of domestic universities, and the extremely miserable number. If we wait for the domestic training model, even if all those college graduates go to work in the Northeast, I am afraid that they will not be able to meet one-tenth of the demand.

When he was selecting international students, he insisted that there was no choice for liberal arts and natural sciences majors. After getting in touch with the Central Committee, he called the Central Committee directly, hoping that all the people who were studying in the Soviet Union would change their studies to science and engineering. Don't study drama, philosophy, natural science, and other things that you can't use at all in building a modern national defense, even if it's just studying agriculture.

He didn't think that studying these things was a priority. And there are enough universities in Kannai, similar departments and students. At present, the most critical issue is to solve the problem of human resources that are most lacking in industrial construction. The rest will be enough to wait until later, relying on domestic universities to train them.

However, although there is a good start now, Yang Zhen still thinks that the number of international students sent out now is far from meeting the needs. In addition to finding ways to communicate with the Soviet Union, he is also constantly trying to find ways to cultivate himself. He, the second secretary of the Northeast Bureau, who had stretched out his hand too long, took over all the education work except for military issues.

The chairman of the Northeast People's Government and the third secretary of the Northeast Bureau, who was transferred by the central authorities, almost became his clerk. Education and foreign negotiations, these two tasks are basically handled by him personally, and no one else can interfere at all. Although the commander-in-chief and the chairman did not say much about his overstepping and arbitrariness, they have always supported him.

However, the continuous huge investment in education also made the party economic expert in charge of industrial construction and finance in Northeast China feel the pressure to some extent. Even if there are some loans and aid from the Americans, the huge amount of military expenditure, which must be guaranteed first in wartime, has already overwhelmed the economy of the northeastern base areas to some extent.

After several bitter battles, although the area under the control of the Anti-Japanese Federation now occupies most of the Northeast, South Manchuria, the essence of the entire Northeast, is still controlled by the Kwantung Army. The vast land and sparsely populated area, the weak economic foundation, the agricultural areas are the mainstay, and the government's financial resources are scarce.

In addition, in the history of China, even the Westernization Movement could not catch up, and the large-scale industrial construction that could almost be described as groundbreaking required a huge amount of money. There is also the reconstruction of cities that have been destroyed on the battlefield, the repair of railway and highway lines, and the construction of airports. The finances of the Northeast People's Government are in a red deficit almost every year.

If it weren't for the current loan given by the United States every year, I am afraid that it would have been impossible to uncover the pot a long time ago. At present, such a large increase in education expenditure is even more overwhelming. At present, the annual expenditure on education is hardly much less than that of military spending. This is still the supply system of the whole army, and if the salary system is implemented, I am afraid that the finances of the northeast will be bankrupt long ago.

Although the chairman has approached Yang Zhen many times, hoping to reduce the number of some international students, even if it is temporarily reduced for now, so that the Northeast economy can take a breather. When the current factories are all in normal operation and the number of inputs is slightly reduced, he has no problem increasing as much as he wants.

But in the end, Yang Zhen persuaded him, not only did he reduce the number of international students, but from 42 years onwards, the number of students quadrupled every year on the basis of doubling the original. In Yang Zhen's words, as long as the Soviets accept it, they will send as many as they can. No matter what you study, as long as it's science and engineering.

Even for a long time, shipbuilding and marine engine majors, which are not needed for the time being, must be studied. The Soviets achieved industrialization in more than 20 years, and although we do not have the ability to do so now, we must lay the most solid foundation for the industrialization process of the whole country in the near future.

It is precisely because of such emphasis on education that Yang Zhen attaches great importance to the eastward relocation of Soviet universities. As long as the Soviets agreed that these schools would treat Chinese and Soviet students equally when recruiting students, he, the second secretary, would firmly support it. Although he knew very well how much burden these tens of thousands of Soviet university teachers and students would bring after they arrived in the Northeast, and what kind of impact it would have.

But with the support of the central government, Yang Zhen and the old chairman of the Northeast People's Government finally gritted their teeth and agreed. The central government also specially allocated 1,000 taels of gold and 100,000 silver dollars from northern Shaanxi. This fund is almost 70 percent of the funds raised by the Shandong Military Region for the central government from the Zhaoyuan Gold Mine this year, plus all the funds left over by the central authorities from the Northeast Bureau.

The central government also transferred all the students of the Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences, along with the scarce teachers, to the northeast. At the same time, it coordinates the selection of students from various base areas, and as long as the students who have completed high school studies, they will be selected and sent to the Northeast as much as possible. As long as they can be mobilized, as many students in the occupied areas as possible should be sent to the Northeast.

The Soviets were short of supplies at home, and in order to reduce the burden on the country so that they could concentrate more supplies for the front, they also strictly fulfilled the agreement. Even despite the burden on the Chinese side, the original agreement was overfulfilled. Of course, in some ways, they also did a certain amount of tricks.

For example, the universities that migrated over in four or three years were mainly literature, agriculture, medicine, and some engineering and teacher training.

Most of the science subjects that are really engaged in basic research are still placed in China. In this way, the Soviets not only lightened the burden at home, but also avoided as much as possible a possible brain drain.

But no matter what, it also gave Yang Zhen the opportunity to lay eggs in the nest. And it can be considered that the Soviets thought that their Chinese comrades would not train shipbuilding technicians who were of no use at this time. The only Soviet university that was transferred to the Northeast for classes was the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute, which specialized in the shipbuilding industry.

After the university moved to Northeast China in 42, Yang Zhen immediately organized a group of students who had completed their Russian language studies to apply for the examination. As a result, during the war years, because everything was guaranteed to the front, and the Soviet-German war was dominated by land warfare, there was no enrollment from the beginning of the fourth year. Many of the students of the previous classes went to the front, and the seemingly empty college had become predominantly Chinese when it was once full.

In the first year, the Anti-Japanese Federation selected 1,200 undergraduate students and more than 90 graduate students. In this way, in addition to the professors of this Soviet shipbuilding school, the students of this Soviet shipbuilding school are Chinese. And basically every student enjoys a special education, because the school is now unusually full of teachers. It can be done with 50 students, with two to three professor-level figures to teach.