The Soviet side agreed to train several batches of skilled workers for the Anti-Japanese Union at the nearby Amur Komsomolsk aircraft factory. But at least a third of these skilled workers had to stay in the Soviet Union until the end of the Soviet-German war. In order to supplement the huge casualties of the Soviet-German war, the problem of insufficient manpower.

However, during the period when these workers were working and studying in the Soviet Union, the material support they needed was borne by the Anti-Japanese Federation itself. However, the Soviet Union did not limit the number of workers provided by the Anti-Japanese Union. However, these workers can only operate in the factory area of Komsomolsk Amur. In the event of unauthorized entry outside the designated areas of the Soviet Union, then the Soviets had the right to arrest and approve them in accordance with Soviet law.

However, during the negotiations, the Soviets did not accept the "good intentions" of the Anti-United Nations, and continued to follow the original agreement, but continued to insist on transferring the British-made tanks in the original agreement as compensation for the detained American-made tanks to the Anti-United Nations. It was only after it proposed to increase the proportion of American-made tanks transferred to the Anti-United Nations.

The Soviet side will promise to transfer all the German-made tank trophies to the Anti-United Nations side after repairs, so as to ensure that the Anti-United Nations needs in terms of the number of tanks. If the number of German-made tanks cannot meet the needs of the Anti-United Nations, then the Soviet side will give the Anti-United Nations a certain supplement from the share of British-made tanks.

As for Yang Zhen's agreement that the Soviets would provide technical assistance and that the Anti-Japanese Union would produce newer fighters for him, the Soviets did not give any reply. However, it agreed to the request of the Anti-Japanese Federation and placed the research work of Soviet experts on American-made bombers in China, and the Anti-Japanese Federation could send engineers and technicians to study with them.

The Soviet side also agreed to increase the acceptance of students from the United Nations Confrontation League. All science and engineering programs, including high-energy physics and other majors, which were originally limited to the number of students selected by the Chinese side, will be fully open to the Chinese party. As long as they can pass the entrance exams of the Soviet Union, the Soviet side will accept these international students in their entirety.

But all tuition and material needs are the responsibility of the Chinese Party itself. At the same time, the Soviet side also agreed to send a group of experts to the Harbin Institute of Technology and a series of specialized schools to teach at the Anti-Japanese Federation's Harbin Institute of Technology and a series of specialized schools, provided that the Anti-Japanese Federation was paid salaries. In order to make up for the current situation that the teaching staff of these schools founded by Chinese comrades is still very insufficient.

However, the Soviet side proposed that the situation of material shortage in the country is becoming more and more serious, and even the basic supply has reached the point where it is unsustainable. It is hoped that the Chinese comrades will increase the supply of grain and agricultural products to the Soviet Union in order to change the demand for the grain dilemma that the Soviet Union is currently experiencing.

At this point, Yang Zhen consulted with the chairman of the Northeast People's Government, who was the head of the delegation. It was proposed to temporarily relocate several universities to the northeast and temporarily merge with Harbin Institute of Technology in order to ensure the supply of several universities and relieve the food pressure on the Soviet side.

As long as the Soviets agreed that these Soviet universities would be in the Northeast, the science and engineering departments would fully enroll Chinese students. The problem of the supply of all teachers and students of the Soviet University who moved to Northeast China was solved by the Chinese side. At the same time, the Anti-Japanese Union guaranteed the safety of the teachers and students of these universities, and after the end of the war, all teachers and students were to return to the Soviet Union.

After several consultations, the Soviets finally agreed to the request for this exchange. However, it was proposed that when these universities returned to the territory of the Soviet Union, the Anti-Union side should not detain any faculty and students under any pretext. As soon as the war situation stabilized, the Soviet side would move these universities back to the Soviet Union as soon as possible.

However, Chinese students from these universities who were in China could move back to the Soviet Union with them. Moreover, the Anti-Japanese Union had to pay the same tuition fees for all students who entered Soviet universities in China as they did for students studying in the Soviet Union. However, taking into account the financial affordability of the Chinese comrades, the Soviets agreed that part of the tuition fees could be paid at a discount on agricultural products and coal, and no longer required the Chinese comrades to pay all in cash.

When this agreement was negotiated, the process was not as gentle as Yang Zhen said later, and those words were just some adjectives. The whole negotiation process can be described as sabre-rattling. It took a whole month of negotiations before all the negotiations were finalized. However, although the negotiation process was a little more difficult, the Soviet side implemented it quickly.

Before the agreement was finally signed, under Yang Zhen's resolute request and certain concessions, the first batch of 70 Lager-3 fighters handed over by the Soviets had already been transported to the northeast. In the first three days of the agreement, all the laga fighters had been handed over.

The first batch of universities to move eastward had just entered the steps of implementing the agreement, and even the Northeast Bureau had not yet had time to prepare their school buildings, and this batch was basically the universities that had moved out of the occupied areas of the Soviet Union, and all the teachers and students, together with the faculty and staff who had not been conscripted, had already arrived in Jiamusi.

Some of these universities were evacuated from Leningrad before the siege and were evacuated from Leningrad by Kalinin Polytechnic Institute, Leningrad Medical College, Leningrad Transport University and other universities located in the Leningrad region. As well as Kyiv University, Belarusian University, Belarusian Institute of Railways and Transport, Belarusian Medical College, Dnieper University and other universities of the occupied territories, which were urgently evacuated before the loss.

The degree to which the Soviets attached importance to higher education was far from being comparable to that of the Chinese. Although there is a shortage of supplies in the country, the university students who have moved eastward are also suffering from a lack of materials, although they are a key support department. Coal, grain, sugar rations are severely insufficient, and meat is hard to come by.

In the more than a year since the outbreak of the war, universities in the occupied areas have basically been rescued. Some migrated to Central Asia, others to safer Siberia. However, in the face of the dire overall supply situation in the country, the teachers and students of these universities, like all Soviet nationals, were generally malnourished, and even disrupted the original order of teaching.

In order to ensure that these university education can not be disrupted by war, in order to ensure the health and nutrition of these professors and students. The Soviets eventually agreed to move part of the university to northeastern China, where supplies were relatively stable. In exchange, these universities will increase the number of students enrolled in China.

With the famine in the Soviet Union in four or three years, the shortage of supplies was further exacerbated. After urgently consulting with Yan'an, according to the bearing capacity of the Northeast, the Soviets urgently relocated 16 universities to the Northeast as temporary teaching sites, in addition to some of the universities that were relocated in the second half of '42.

Even after the end of the Battle of Moscow, because the front did not leave Moscow, the Moscow Power Institute, the Moscow Institute of Finance and Economics, and the Moscow Iron and Steel Institute that remained in the Urals also moved to the northeast. The newly established Petroleum Institute was simply transferred to Harbin for establishment.

However, although the Soviet side accepted the goodwill of the Chinese comrades and transferred part of the universities to northeastern China. But all the research institutes of these universities, without exception, were left in the country, and none of them moved to China. Even the Agricultural Research Institute has remained in the country. Moreover, many of the universities that have migrated to Northeast China are normal universities.

Although a large number of Soviet teachers and students entered the Northeast, the burden on the Northeast was greatly increased. However, Yang Zhen still believes that this agreement is more cost-effective than the Anti-Japanese Federation to send students to the Soviet Union. The Chinese do need experts in aeronautical engineering, but they also need experts in railways and transportation, electricity and water conservancy.

There is also a huge demand for doctors. Agricultural experts are also lacking. As long as the Soviets promised to admit these universities to Chinese, that would be a good thing. Chinese have a place to borrow chickens to lay eggs, which is more conducive to cultivating their own professional talents.

It doesn't matter what university it is, as long as it can recruit Chinese students. However, after repeated discussions with the Northeast Bureau and the Northeast People's Government, Yang Zhen still focused on several engineering colleges and medical schools in the selection of students. As for the original group of former international students who were originally scheduled to return to China to serve as professors and lecturers, if they were admitted to the master's degree or above, they were allowed to continue their studies.

After the signing of this agreement, the central government also secretly coordinated with the party organizations in the occupied areas, asking them to assist the Anti-Japanese Federation in recruiting students in the occupied areas. We will ensure that there will be enough students to make the most of this rare opportunity to enter the universities of the Soviet Union and train our own scientific and technological talents.

In fact, the Soviets demanded that the universities be relocated back to the Soviet Union immediately after the end of the war. However, several universities in the German-occupied zone were relocated back to China after four or eight years, when the cities located on the main Soviet-German battlefields were completely rebuilt.

The educational component of this supplementary agreement was implemented throughout the war. The Soviets did increase the number of Chinese students admitted to them, and opened up some universities and disciplines that were previously not open to Chinese to Chinese.

Until the end of World War II, there was no interruption until the establishment of New China. Starting from the selection of international students by the Anti-Japanese Federation, after the founding of New China. For China's industrialization process and large-scale industrialization, it has cultivated a large number of science and engineering talents who are most urgently needed, especially those who are in short supply in China.

There is no way until the founding of the People's Republic of China, all the universities in China are combined, and seventy percent of the students trained are scholars. The remaining 30 percent of the science subjects engaged in basic research occupy the majority. The largest number of students studying engineering, which is most urgently needed for industrial construction, accounts for 10%.

Not to mention that less than one-third of the current domestic engineering graduates can come to the Northeast. Even if all the engineering students in China come to the Northeast, even the talents needed for the current industrial construction cannot be satisfied. Without talent, all the ideas about industry are just a bunch of illusions that can never be realized.

It is true that there are a large number of so-called masters in domestic universities, but these masters are not able to engage in scientific research, nor can they really provide the knowledge needed for the development of the national economy. Although the Soviet model has drawbacks, the division of disciplines is too fine, and it is difficult to cultivate all-round talents like the West. However, at the very least, the contradiction between supply and demand has been solved, and the most basic human resources needed for construction have been ensured.

As for the so-called humanities, nature, history, philosophy, sociology, and other sciences, we will wait until the talents most urgently needed for industrialization have been solved. Later generations accused the Chinese education system of failing to produce masters after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It turned out that Yang Zhen still thought it was true, thinking that there was indeed a problem with China's education system after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

However, after returning to this era, Yang Zhen found that the reform of the higher education system at that time, in addition to specific historical reasons, was more of a necessary means taken by the state in order to change the shortage of engineering talents. The talent gap is too large, which is the real reason for the adjustment.

The shortcomings of the Soviet model may not have been understood by the original leaders. However, the Soviet Union's batch training model has become the most convenient means to solve the urgent problems. It is necessary to find a balance between the so-called quality and quantity as much as possible in order to solve the urgent needs of national economic construction