The words used by children in the Tang Dynasty to call their mothers in person are not unfamiliar to modern people, and they are mainly called "Ah Niang" and "Niangniang" (not specifically used to call concubines, but ordinary children call their mothers). If you feel that you are an adult with status and need to be serious in front of your mother, then you are called "mother".

In the Tang Dynasty, ordinary people addressed the emperor in person, and the more popular ones were "saint", "lord", "everyone" (used by people around the emperor, but generally not used by ministers), etc., and the traditional "Your Majesty" can of course also be used. As for the popular word "emperor", it seems to be a written term in the Tang Dynasty, and there are no examples of living people calling the emperor in person. "Long live" is used by the masses to pat the emperor when they are emotional, and they do not regard this word as a title in daily life.

Compared with the "Niang" series called mother, the title of father in the Tang Dynasty will seem stranger, more chaotic, and more cheating. The most popular titles are various derivatives of "yes" (ye), such as "yes" (grandpa), "aya" (grandpa). It is very common for parents to be called "Ye (Ye) Niang", such as Lao Du's "Soldier Carriage Travel", "Ye Niang's wife is gone, and the dust does not see Xianyang Bridge", and "Mulan Poem" "Ye Niang heard that the girl was coming, and Guo Xiang helped the general".

But there is also a kind of title for the father, which is "elder brother". "Old Tang Book: The Biography of Wang Ju": "Xuanzong cried and said: 'Fourth Brother Renxiao ......'" The "fourth brother" here refers to Xuanzong's father Ruizong (ranked fourth among the half-brothers). "Old Tang Book: The Biography of Di Wang Yan": "Only the third brother argues his sinner." The "third brother" here also refers to his father Xuanzong (the third in line among the brothers). Li Shimin has a letter to his son Li Zhi, and the signature at the end of the article also calls himself "elder brother".

The title of "elder brother" in the Tang Dynasty referred to both the father and the elder brother, such as Tang Xuanzong once called his eldest brother Ning Wang "eldest brother" and "Brother Ning" in public. It is said that this title was passed down from the grassland peoples, and it was not finalized in the Tang Dynasty. So I solemnly suggest that all travelers, don't just manage passers-by, and even call your own brother "big brother" and "brother", this title is easy for people to take advantage of you in terms of seniority - the Tang Dynasty's safe name for brother is "Brother" (ranking) + brother", it is recommended to use.

For the father, you can call it "yes" and "brother" affectionately in colloquial language, and naturally "father" or "adult" in written language or in serious situations. As a face-to-face oral salutation, "adult" was only used to call parents in the Tang Dynasty, and in some cases it could be used to call direct blood relatives and elders, and it was never possible to use "Lord Zhang", "Lord Wang", and "Lord Li" to address various officials.

When did "adult" become a term for officials? I can't tell the specific time, but the evolution process of the titles of "adult" and "lord" is the same, they are gradually expanded and extended from "calling father", a phenomenon called "externalization of relatives predicates" is combined with flattery, and the semantics of "adult" after the most are changed to address officials, and "lord" (lord) is changed to address the master and noble.

In the Tang Dynasty, you can't use "Lord Zhang" and "Lord Wang" to call officials, and in the Tang Dynasty, there are roughly the following names.

One is "surname" + "official". The "official" here does not have to be the full name, for example, Liu is a "free rider and a regular attendant", and is often only called "Liu Changshi". Basically, each official has some conventional titles, such as "Bingbu Shangshu" surnamed Zhao and "Libu Shangshu" surnamed Qian, both of which are called "Zhao Shangshu" and "Qian Shangshu".

The second is honorific titles such as "surname" + "gong", which are widely used and can be used by the people and officialdom. If you travel to the Zhenguan period, see Fang Xuanling and say "Fang Gong is good", and see Wei Zheng and say "Wei Gong Wanfu", people will think that you are a very educated child. In addition, the name of the font and the name of the place can also be used, "Taibai has a new sentence today?" "When will Liu Hedong leave for the south?" Such.

The third is "surname" + "official name alias". For example, the Tang people called the county order "Ming Mansion", so the Zhang County Order and Li County Order would be called "Zhang Ming Mansion" and "Li Ming Mansion".

There are also common names such as "officials" and "big officials", which are mostly common names for ordinary people to call officials.

When I go out, I see a woman called a lady, and when I see a young person, I call a little lady. Don't just call Miss. The Tang Dynasty did not have this title. This title appeared after the middle of the Song Dynasty and was used as a cheap title, initially referring to the palace maid, and later to the prostitute.

When I saw a man, his name was Da Lang.

When you see a familiar man, you can call according to the ranking of your family. For example, Li Sanlang. Wang Qilang.

I saw that the woman's name was Liu Shiyi Niang or Liu Shiyi Sister. Wait a minute.

There was also the Tang Dynasty. Brothers and sisters are also called differently.

If you are the eldest man in the family. And then the younger siblings. Call it that, so to speak. Calling the second brother cannot be called the second brother, but the second brother. The third brother is called the third brother. Similarly, the sisters are called the second sister and the third sister. Sibling titles are only sorted out.

In Chinese folk, husbands and wives often refer to each other as "husband" and "wife". According to legend, this title first appeared in the Tang Dynasty and has been around for more than 1,000 years.

There was a man named Mai Aixin in the Tang Dynasty, who disliked his wife's old age and decrepit after passing the examination, so he wanted to marry a new love. But after all, the old wife has taken care of herself for most of her life, and bluntly said that it is too cruel to divorce her wife. So he wrote a deputy couplet and deliberately put it on the desk: "The lotus is ruined, and the fallen leaves return to the roots to become old lotus roots." "Show it to his old wife, who is tidying up his study. After reading it, his wife continued to write a couplet: "The yellow rice is ripe, and the chaff is blown to see the rice and new grain." Mai Aixin read his wife's next couplet, and was very ashamed, so he gave up the idea of divorce his wife.

Seeing that her husband had a change of heart, Mai Aixin's wife wrote: "My husband is very fair. Mai Aixin also wrote with a pen: "My wife is a mother-in-law. "Husband" and "wife" are also called in this way among the people.

In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor referred to his relatives differently from other dynasties. For example, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty referred to themselves as "I" and sometimes used "I" or "I". The title of the son, if you are a little intimate, you can call it a nickname, and you can usually call him by his name or call him ranked, such as Jiulang, etc., and his aunt and other female dependents will be called the same as the common people.

Ji Shuike mentioned in the article "Tang Dynasty Title Talk": The emperor called his aunt and other female dependents, and would call them "aunt" and "sister" like the folks. "Li Deyu's Complete Works of School Notes" contains Li Deyu's "Edict to Princess Taihe" written by Tang Wuzong...... If you want to see the cities of the old country, if you can not lose your soul, and look at the Han generals, you must be ...... with tears."

And the emperor in the call of his uncle and brother, often the title of the title on the title, "Chao Ye Zai" volume three has: Teng Wang Ying, Jiang Wang Yun can not be honest and prudent, the emperor (Gaozong - Ji Shui Ke Note) gave the kings, the name of the five kings, less than the two kings, the edict said: "Uncle Teng, Brother Jiang self-liberation economy, do not work to give things with it." "Youyang Miscellaneous" Volume 12: Shang (Emperor Ming - Ji Shuike Note) knew it, Da Lu laughed, and reported to King Ning: "Brother Ning can deal with this monk." Another example, in "Because of the Words", it is contained: King Ning squirted a mouthful of rice on the throne, and it reached the dragon's face. Shang said: "Why did Brother Ning have the wrong throat." ”

The emperor called his sons and nephews, and often added his title to call him, for example, Yuan Zhenzhi's "Lianchang Palace Ci" self-annotated with clouds: Nian Nu, Tianbao in the name of advocacy, good songs. Every year downstairs feasts, after a tiring day, there is a lot of noise. Yan Anzhi and Wei Huangshang couldn't help it, and everyone played for it. The Ming Emperor sent Gao Lishi to shout upstairs and said: "If you want to send Nian Nu to sing, you will play the pipes to see if people can listen to them"? The twenty-five Lang of Sui, the son of Prince Zhang Huai, the son of King Shouli, the heir of King Cheng Ning, and the nephew of Emperor Ming.

This article is excerpted from the Internet.