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Qin Mu established the country, emphasizing that he inherited the legal system of the first emperor. This article was written by...... So, do you also want to inherit the idea of Legalism governing the country?

This is actually what Huang Daozhou wants to ask.

All the people at the banquet waited with bated breath for Qin Mu's answer.

Even Liu Ruyi, who was out of the way, couldn't help but secretly sweat for Qin Mu, if this problem is not handled well, it may make the ministers deviate from morality, and at worst, it may lead to chaos in the world.

Qin Mu picked up the tea, took a sip, and said slowly: "I have been studying the Four Books and Five Classics since I was a child, and I have not been deeply involved in the doctrine of Shang Ying. ”

Qin Mu's answer was a little subtle, and when he heard it at first glance, it made people feel at ease. But at the end, it immediately made people's hearts entangled.

"Your Majesty, Shang Ying's harsh punishment is really the way to die, and your Majesty doesn't hear it." Huang Daozhou replied very simply, "Those who are virtuous and religious should be appointed by the people and kings, and advocating moral government and practicing benevolent governance are the foundation of the country!" ”

"What Huang Bianxiu said is very true, I am as good as everyone else!" Qin Mu's attitude was modest and sincere, which made Huang Daozhou and others very pleased.

But Qin Mu still didn't forget to ask the original question: "However, the rule of Wenjing and Zhenguan can be regarded as the rule of virtue and benevolence?" Can Mr. Wong help me solve my doubts? ”

went around in a circle, and returned to this problem that was enough to make Zodiac Zhou and these great Confucians hit the wall. Originally, you didn't answer me, so you had no choice but to ask again.

In the history of China, the two most praised prosperous eras were obtained by Taoism by doing nothing, so it is not unreasonable to blindly respect Confucianism and advocate moral and benevolent governance?

Of course. As a master of Confucianism, Huang Daozhou will never be asked like this;

After a little muttering, he replied with a long bow: "Your Majesty, the rule of Wenjing in the early Han Dynasty, with the technique of Huang Lao, the world is Yanran, the punishment is rare, and the sinner is Xi." It is true that the crops of the people, the breeding of food and clothing;

However, Wenjing blindly implements the rule of inaction. did not pay attention to the rules and morals of the monarch and ministers, and did not practice benevolence and morality, and finally led to the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu with Liu Bi, the king of Wu. Wenjing's decades of governance have been ruined in a flash, and the lessons of the previous car are the lessons of the past, and His Majesty should be cautious as a warning! ”

Huang Daozhou's words made the ministers present nod frequently, and even Qin Mu also expressed his approval.

Come to think of it, Qin Methodist. made Qin's national strength surpass the six countries, and finally swept the world, but success is also Xiao He, defeat is also Xiao He. The harsh punishment of the Legalists also led to the rapid demise of the powerful Qin State.

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, he learned the lesson of the Qin Dynasty's demise, and went the opposite way, implementing the rule of inaction, so that the country quickly regained its vitality. Prosperity and prosperity.

However, Wenjing blindly emphasized the rule of inaction, and connived and accommodated the local princes and kings, causing their power to surge viciously. Eventually, the Seven Kings Rebellion was launched.

These things made the rulers of the Han Dynasty feel that it would not work to govern the country by relying on Legalism, nor would it work to govern the country by Taoism.

Therefore, the rulers of the Han Dynasty had to introduce Confucianism, which strengthened their rule with the Confucian idea of respecting the king and emphasizing the principles of the monarch and the minister, the father and the son.

Taoism actually has the idea of benevolence and virtue, and the difference between Taoism and Confucianism actually lies in the two concepts of "non-action" and "youwei".

In the end, whether it is better to "do nothing" or "be promising", even if the mainstream of society has advocated Confucianism, the debate about this has never ended.

There is also the controversy between Legalism and Confucianism, in fact, it has not stopped.

The rulers blindly emphasized benevolence, righteousness and morality, and condemned the harsh punishment laws of the pre-Qin Dynasty as the way to ruin the country, but in the actual governance of the country, relying on the Confucian benevolence and righteousness morality alone will not work, and must rely on the legal system of the Legalists to govern.

Since the Western Han Dynasty, Confucianism has indeed been the undisputed dominant ideology. However, in the reign of the previous dynasties, the mainstream ideology that really worked has always been the guiding Legalist ideology during the Qin Dynasty.

As a result, the ideological form of "Confucianism and Legalism" was formed, that is, it was Confucianism that was spoken, and it was Legalism that really played a role.

Confucianism is used to deceive the common people and propaganda, and Legalism is the one who plays the role of actual governance.

The dominance of Legalism was formed during the founding and establishment of the Qin Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty was the initial period of the first system, and the old Qin was also relatively honest and down-to-earth, and he didn't know how to cover up the essence of the ** with beautiful words, so that the harsh side of the rule of law was all exposed to the sun, so that the people were frightened.

After painful lessons again and again, when he arrived in the Western Han Dynasty, he was much more mature and understood the beauty of "saying one thing and doing another".

Therefore, talk about Confucianism, benevolence, and kingship; And the legalists, the dictatorship, the hegemony.

This routine of external Confucianism and internal law has always been pursued by various dynasties, and these Qin Mu know it. The so-called democracy of the West, including later generations, is also dressed in the cloak of democracy and practices the rule of law.

But the problem now is that the emphasis on Confucianism is excessive, especially Zhu Cheng's thoughts, which have imprisoned human nature, and the disadvantages of Confucianism have far outweighed the advantages.

On the one hand, Qin Mu hoped to centralize power through Confucianism and strengthen his own ruling foundations. On the other hand, he wanted to remove the "hypocritical and pragmatic" side of Confucianism, so that there would be fewer hypocritical literati in society who "have a thousand words on their lips but have no way to do anything". We should guide the whole society in the materialist direction of emphasizing practice and seeking truth from facts.

This is a very contradictory thing, and its proportion is really difficult to grasp.

Therefore, he really has the intention of asking for advice today, hoping to listen to the debates of the ideological elites of various factions at the banquet, so that he can sort out and integrate an ideological system of governing the country that suits the actual situation of the present situation according to the opinions of various schools.

Qin Mu said to everyone: "Since I ascended to the pole, those who worry day and night are also the way to govern the country!" The death of Ming has proved that Zhu Cheng's theory is not enough for the fundamental way of governing the country, and I want to seek the way to govern the country, so as to calm the people of the world. ”

Wang Fuzhi immediately said: "Your Majesty, the way to govern the country is to be lenient to support the people and strict to govern the officials." ”

His words were always so short, but powerful.

In this sentence, on the surface, the dispute between Confucianism, Taoism, and law is avoided, but in the final analysis, the so-called leniency to support the people is the Taoist rule of inaction, and the strict governance of officials is the Legalist idea of the rule of law.

Qin Mu then asked, "Can Master Wang discuss it in detail for me?" ”

"Your Majesty, looking at the death of previous dynasties, it can be traced back to the origin because the people are not living well. The hardships of the people's livelihood are mostly oppressed by corrupt officials and lawyers. Plunder. It is based on the minister's belief that the way to govern the country should be to adhere to the policy of being lenient to support the people and strict to govern the officials;

In dealing with the people, the monarch should abolish strict laws, emphasize morality and religion, and punish lightly, so as to support the people's livelihood with lenient government. If you want to support the people, the key is to govern the officials strictly, and only the officials can govern strictly. Only when officials dare not bend the law can the people's lives be peaceful and social order be in order. ”

Wang Fuzhi's idea of governing the country is probably because he saw the politics of the late Ming Dynasty, the law and discipline were ruined, and the literati and doctors openly formed parties for personal gain, criticized the government, attacked dissidents, and controlled the court situation. He thought that after he occupied the moral high ground, he would be lawless and plunge the whole society into many contradictions, so he had the idea of "being strict with officials".

And this kind of thinking precisely weakens the role of Confucianism.

Governing the people is Taoist. The role of Confucianism is not particularly emphasized.

Of course, this will lead to a strong rebuttal, and Liu Zongzhou immediately said: "Your Majesty." Confucius said: The monarch makes the ministers courteous, and the ministers are loyal. Mencius also said: The king regards the minister as a sibling, and the minister regards the king as the heart; The king regards his ministers like dogs and horses. then the minister regards the king as a countryman; The king regards his ministers as mustard, and the ministers regard him as an enemy.

However, if the monarch treats his subordinates with severe punishments, and his subordinates tremble all day long, like walking on thin ice, how can he make him loyal to the monarch and herdsmen?

And at the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the officials were strictly governed by the law, and those who embezzled more than 60 taels of stolen goods were punished by showing them to the public, and even peeling the skin and grass. The severity of the criminal law is unheard of, but it has little effect"

"Editor Huang is wrong to say this!" Wang Fuzhi immediately retorted strongly, "During the Hongwu period, the officials obeyed the law and feared the law, purified themselves and loved the people, the river was clear and the sea was clear, and the people were happy. There is a folk song at the time: the mountain city is sunny, and the mountain birds are singing. Business travel, farmer farming. The old tile pot was full of wine, and the clamor was suddenly silent.

Taking Guangdong as an example, there were 52 officials in Guangdong at that time, and most of them were known for being honest officials. For example, Haifeng County Cheng Zhaoyi 'created a county, hard-working is the most, and cheap. ’

Dongguan County ordered Lu Bing'an to be in office for 19 years, and it was not easy to clean up. When he left office, he did not accept the finances given by the people, but only the poems. He has poetry and lyrics: he is not greedy for human treasures since ancient times, and today he is full of official and poor poems. Nine out of ten years of living in the county, fortunately, there is no loss. All of this is enough to show why Huang turned a blind eye to the officialdom after Hongwu's rectification of the officials? ”

"What Mr. Huang said, how can it not cover the whole with partiality, you don't see the Hongwu period, every day the minister goes to the court, farewell to his wife is like life and death, no one knows whether he can go home in the morning and go home at night.

Such a strict management of officials is very powerful. Of course, it can have a great deterrent effect. However, who is willing to enter the court as an official, serve the king loyally, and shepherd the people?

You don't see, what kind of auxiliary ministers did Hongwu leave for Jianwen, King Yan reversed, raised the court, how many people can do things? If the king does not lose his benevolence and virtue, and the good generals are there, Yan Wang'an dares to raise troops? ”

"However, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the government was corrupted, and the country eventually perished, and the king didn't care? There is nothing wrong with Hongwu being strict with the officials, and the ministers are trembling in the court, not because of the strictness of the officials, but because of Hongwu's lack of kindness, how can they be mixed up with the matter of rabbits and dead dogs?

Governing the country is to govern the officials, and if the officials govern the Qingming, the country and the people will be safe; If the rule of officials is corrupt, the country will be ruined, this is an eternal principle! ”

Huang Daozhou was too excited, his mouth was like a river, and he did it in one go, obviously not paying attention to his taboo, and the word "pastoral" appeared in his words, which was a big disrespectful crime.

At that time, Liu Ru glanced at him quietly, but Qin Mu pretended not to hear it, he didn't want to use this sinner to interrupt everyone's discussion at this time.

Wang Fuzhi is a gentleman, and he does not attack Huang Daozhou with this, but refutes it more sharply.

In the end, whether it should be "courteous to the ministers" or "strict to govern the officials", for this question, there was a lot of verbal and fierce arguments at the banquet, and there were many people who joined!

During this period, Qin Mu rarely spoke.

If you don't keep it secret, you will lose your country.

As a monarch, at such a time, you must not make your opinion clear in advance, so as not to set yourself on fire.

What you have to do is to be an honest referee, wait for everyone to debate, and then make a judgment based on the facts.

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(To be continued......)

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