Due to the rebellion of Xu Zhiludao caused by the soldiers and horses of Jiannan, he was forced to live in the area of Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan) and Qiaozhou (now Sichuan). In the first year of Zong Guangde of the Tang Dynasty (763), the imperial court called him to supplement Jingzhao Gong Cao, but he did not take office.

In the first month of the second year, Yan Wu took up his post in Chengdu again, and wrote several times to hope that Du Fu would come back. In June, Yan Wu recommended Du Fu as a staff officer of the festival and a member of the inspection department, so he was also known as the "Du Gong Department".

In the first month of the first year of Yongtai (765), Du Fu withdrew from Yan Wu's shogunate. In April, Yan Wu died of illness, and Du Fu lost his support, so he left Chengdu in May and sailed south, passing through Jiazhou (present-day Leshan, Sichuan), Rongzhou (present-day Yibin, Sichuan), Yuzhou (present-day Chongqing), and Zhongzhou (present-day Zhongxian, Chongqing) to Yun'an (present-day Yunyang, Chongqing).

In the late spring of the following year, he moved to Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Chongqing), and even took the boat as his home. What does fluttering look like? Heaven and earth are a sand gull." Du Fu lived in Kuizhou for nearly two years and wrote more than 400 poems.

In the first month of the third year of the Great Calendar (768), Du Fu and his family went out of the Three Gorges, passed through Jiangling and Gong'an, and arrived in Yueyang in the twilight of winter. After that, the poet wandered in Hunan, poor and sick, and was on the verge of despair.

In the winter of the fifth year of the Great Calendar (770), Du Fu died of illness in the boat of the Xiangjiang River at the age of 59. Du Fu died of "wind disease".

Du Fu's death has been a topic of discussion in academic circles to this day. Some experts believe that Du Fu died of diabetes, and found evidence in Du's poems, "I have been sick for a long time, and I have been thinking about the court for a long time. The lungs are too thirsty, and they wander in Gongsun City." Changqing's disease refers to the thirst-quenching disease that Sima Xiangru suffers from, that is, diabetes.

One said that Du Fu was in Leiyang. Trapped by the flood, he did not eat for more than ten days, and later Leiyang Nie County ordered a small boat to pick him up, and gave a lot of beef and liquor to entertain him. Based on this, Guo Moruo believed that Du Fu had eaten "hot meat rot" and died of food poisoning.

Du Fu's coffin rested in Yueyang, and in the eighth year of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty (813), his grandson Du Siye was buried at the foot of Shouyang Mountain in Henan. But now there are eight tombs of Du Fu, which are located in Gongyi City, Henan Province, Yanshi City, Henan Province, Leiyang (now Leiyang City), Pingjiang County, Hunan Province and other places.

There are more than 1,400 of Du Fu's poems. Writing poetry can be divided into four periods:

Reading and roaming period (before the age of thirty-five):

Du Fu traveled to Wu, Yue (present-day Jiangsu-Zhejiang), Qi, and Zhao (present-day northern Shandong and southern Hebei). During this period, he went to Luoyang to respond, but he was not the first. Later, he met Li Bai in Luoyang, and the two formed a deep friendship, and Li Bai was given a poem, "Yu Yidong Mengke. Mercy is like a brother. Drunk and sleeping autumn quilt. Hand in hand with the day". It's a pleasure.

Then met Gao Shi again, and the three of them traveled to Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu) together. Later, Li Du went to Qizhou again, and after breaking up, he met Donglu again. It's a pity that because the two of them had a very bumpy encounter in the second half of their lives, they didn't have the opportunity to meet again after this separation.

Trapped in Chang'an (35 to 44 years old):

Du Fu took the exam in Chang'an first and fell first. Later, he offered gifts to the emperor and nobles, only received a small amount of funding, and lived a life of "detaining the rich children's door in the morning, following the fat horse dust at dusk, the remnants of the cup and the cold burn, and the sorrows and hardships lurking everywhere".

During this period, he wrote poems such as "Soldiers' Chariots" and "Beauty Walking" that criticized current politics and satirized the powerful. The "Five Hundred Words of Yonghuai from Beijing to Fengxian County" is particularly famous, marking that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of difficult life in Chang'an.

Thief and official period (45-48 years old):

The Anshi Rebellion broke out, Tongguan was lost, Du Fu put his family aside, went to Suzong alone, and was captured by the Anshi rebels on the way and taken to Chang'an.

Facing the chaotic Chang'an, he heard the news of the repeated defeats of the official army, and wrote poems such as "Moonlit Night", "Spring Wang", "Mourning Jiangtou", and "Sad Chen Tao". Later, he absconded to Fengxiang Xing and served as the left picker. Because of his loyalty and outspokenness, Shang Shu was demoted to Huazhou Sigong to join the army. Subsequently, he used poetry to record his observations and hears in a truthful manner, which became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".

Wandering period in the southwest (48 to 59 years old):

With the defeat of the Jiujiedu official army in Xiangzhou and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official position, fled with his family and the people, passed through Qinzhou, Tonggu and other places, and arrived in Chengdu, with the help of Yan Wu, lived a relatively stable life.

Yan Wu entered the dynasty, and the warlord of Shuzhong, Chengdu Shaoyin and Yushi Xu Zhiludao, made trouble, and he drifted to Zizhou and Qiaozhou. Then return to Chengdu. Yan Wu died, he wandered again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, and then drifted to Hubei and Hunan, and died of illness on the Xiangjiang River.

During this period, his works include more than 1,000 poems, such as "Water Threshold Relieves the Heart", "Spring Night Rain", "Song of the Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind", "Sick Orange", "Ascending the Tower", "Shu Xiang", "Wen Guanjun Collects Henan and Hebei", "Wu Lang Again", "Ascending", "Autumn Xing", "Three Quatrains", "Sui Yan Xing", etc., accounting for more than 70% of all Du poems, profoundly reflecting the overall social picture of more than 20 years before and after the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty.

Du Fu's poems "have a collection of sixty volumes", which were lost early. In the second year of Baoyuan of the Northern Song Dynasty (1039), Wang Zhu compiled 1405 articles, compiled into 18 volumes, entitled "Du Gongbu Collection". Qian Qianyi is the editor of "Notes on Du Gongbu Collection". Yang Lun said: "Since the Six Dynasties, the Yuefu problem rate has mostly simulated plagiarism, and Chen Chen Xiang is the most disgusting. Zimei came out and was unique to what she felt at the time, sympathizing with the country's difficulties, hurting the people and the poor, setting up questions at will, and getting rid of the trappings of her predecessors. 」

Du Fu is a social poet, tending to realism, with a wide range of contents, rich in the characteristics of the times, based on the rise and fall of politics, social turmoil, war and conscription, hunger, poverty and disparity between the rich and the poor.

Du Shi is good at describing the historical situation at that time, reflecting the current situation of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, so it is called "poetry history". From the Anshi Rebellion to the time before entering Shu, Du Fu experienced the turmoil of the great era and wrote a large number of real-life stories. Among his famous works, there are many realistic works, such as the famous work "Beauty Walking", which reflects the extravagance of the upper class.

In terms of ideology, Du's poems have Confucianism, compassion for the heavens and people, concern for the country and the people, full of benevolence and love for things and strong patriotism, and have the reputation of "poetry saint".

Du Shi is good at using reason to carefully observe the reality of life and society, to experience the people's joys and pains from his own life experience, has a strong political consciousness, and inherits and carries forward the realistic spirit of the Book of Poetry, Han Yuefu folk songs and Jian'an literature.

In terms of technique, Du Shishan writes character dialogues and monologues, and selects typical characters and events to describe. Du Shi is also good at lyricism, combining lyricism and narrative, and combining lyricism and scene writing, placing feelings on the scene. Du's poetry narrative focuses on objective description, so that the story itself directly infects the reader, and there is little discussion.

In terms of language, Du Fu has a very serious writing attitude, concise language, accurate words, vivid images, and is good at using folk colloquial language.

In terms of genre, Du Fu's works are both good at all genres, with five or seven words in ancient style, rhythmic poetry quatrains, and all kinds of work. He often uses different poetic styles to express different contents, and the narrative is more often limited by the rhythm, which is convenient for the ancient style poems described in the narrative, and the lyrical poems are more close to the style.

Du Fu composed a large number of poems with a wide range of contents, skillful skills, emphasis on the battle of sound and rhythm, rigorous rhythm, and hammered language, which are exemplary works of the past generations, and have achieved extremely high achievements, making the creation of seven rhythms mature. He also created the new Yuefu poem "Famous Stories", which depicts the livelihood of the society.

In terms of style, the main style of Du's poems is depressed and frustrated, with diverse styles, rich and colorful, or vigorous and unrestrained, or fresh and delicate, or depressed and sad, or rich rhetoric, or simple and simple, or popular and natural. Du Shi Rongye absorbed the artistic techniques of his predecessors and developed it into a unique new style.

In terms of language, Du Fu's poems are generally regarded as having the characteristics of "depression", the word "depression" was first seen in the Southern Dynasty, "the body is depressed and meditative, the sun and the moon are beautiful", and later Du Fu wrote the four words "depression and depression" to accurately summarize the language of his own works, "As for depression and frustration, he is agile at any time, and the disciples of Yang Xiong and Mei Gao can be trampled on". (To be continued......)