Du Fu's "eagerness to help the world, his accusation of confusion, his indignation at tyranny, his sadness for wandering, his compassion for the devastation of life, his regret for the exhaustion of material resources, and his praise for the benevolence of the people", and it is precisely the expression of these heavy emotions that makes Du Fu's language tend to be "depressed and frustrated".

Wu Xin's "Huanxi Poems" commented on Du Fu's late poems "unbridled changes, yang opening and yin closing", and Yunyun: "But its meaning is far away, and if you lift the last sentence, people can't know the next sentence".

Wu Xin also said, "When mortals compose poems, they can only say one thing in one sentence, but they can say two things more. Du poems can say three, four, or five things in one sentence; ordinary people write poems, but they can say that they are far from dozens of miles, and Du poems can say hundreds of miles in one sentence, can say two military states, and can say that the whole world is full of them."

Du Fu's poems have a variety of styles, Yuan Zhi commented on Du Fu: "As for Zimei, cover the so-called thin coquettish on the top, Shen and Song on the bottom, take Su and Li in words, swallow Cao and Liu in anger, cover up and Xie Zhi lonely and high, and mix Xu and Yu are beautiful, so as to achieve the posture of ancient and modern, and everyone is unique." 」

Qin Guan also had a similar opinion: "So Du Zimei is poor and wonderful, extremely arrogant, diluted and interesting, handsome and clean, and beautiful, and beyond the reach of all families. However, if you don't gather the strengths of the people, the Du family can't be unique. 」

For example, Du Fu also has a wild side, which can be seen from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking". "For the sake of human nature, the words are not shocking and endless" is his creative style.

Han Yu, a great literary scholar of the Tang Dynasty, once put Du Fu and Li Bai together, saying: "Li Du's articles are here, and the glory is long." At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Shuwen was when Yongzhen's innovation was dying. Recited Du poem "Die before leaving the school, and make the hero cry" to express his grief and indignation.

Wang Anshi commended Du Shi's achievements of "ugly and small, and I can't see how to carve them". Chen Shan's "New Words of the Bugs" Volume 7: "Lao Du's poems should be the "Six Classics" in the poems, and the poems of others are the flow of the sons."

Jiang Shiquan's "Zhongyatang Anthology" Volume 1 "Du Poems Detailed Notes and Preface" is also known as "Du Poet, the "Four Sons" in the poem. 」

Hu Yinglin said in "Poetry": "Only the works of the Ministry of Works, the weather is majestic, the scale is huge, when its gods come to the realm, it is intricate, and it is impossible to predict. Forever and ever. It's just one person. 」

Du Fu's poems are in rhythm. It has the characteristics of fine characters and neat battles, which is in line with the "architectural beauty" of Chinese poetry, such as "the wind is urgent, the sky is high, and the ape howls." Nagisa Qingsha white bird flew back. Boundless falling trees and Xiao Xiao. The Yangtze River is not endless" is the embodiment of Du Shilian's words and superb battles.

In addition, Du Fu has many innovations in genres, such as his creativity in the Five Seven Rules, which is also the uniqueness of his literary creation.

Du Shi is known as the history of poetry. This statement was first seen in the late Tang Dynasty, "The difficulty of Du Fenglu Mountain, the flow of Yonglongshu, Bi Chen in poetry, the introduction of the hidden, nothing left behind, so it should be called the history of poetry". By the time of the Song Dynasty, it was a foregone conclusion, but the meaning of poetry and history had its own opinions.

People have annotated Du poems with historical events, and consider Du poems to be documentary poems, which can supplement historical evidence, so they are called poetry history. This statement only emphasizes the truth and falsehood of historical events, and despises the emotional characteristics of poetry. Another theory is that the reason why Du Fu is known for his poetry history is because he is compassionate and sentimental.

But there are also people who don't like Du Fu's poetry, Yang Yi doesn't like Du Fu, Liu Fang's "Zhongshan Poems" cloud: "Yang Danian doesn't like Du Gongbu's poems, and he is called the village master. 」

Influenced by the realistic poets of the middle and late Tang dynasties, such as Zhang Ji, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Du Xunhe, Cao Cheng, and Pi Rixiu, they were all influenced by Du's poems.

Du Fu created the "Famous Chapters of Immediate Affairs" New Yuefu poems, describing the people's livelihood and suffering, and starting the New Yuefu Movement in the Tang Dynasty. Han Yu's poems are majestic, Shen Xiong is broad, dangerous and stiff, difficult and difficult, and likes to use text as poetry, which is influenced by Du's poems.

Li Shangyin's poems are rich and melancholy, the weather is lofty, and the language is exquisite, and he is also influenced by Du's poems.

In the Song Dynasty, Sun only said in the preface to the collection of poems of Du Gongbu: "The poems of the public are divided into six families. Meng Jiao has his arrogance, Zhang Ji has his simplicity, Yao He has his elegance, Jia Island has his strangeness, Du Mu and Xue Neng have his heroism, and the tortoise has his support. 」

The Tang people learned less of Du's poems, and Ye Shaoyun's "Stone Forest Poems" said: "The Tang people learned from Lao Du, and only Shang Yin was alone. Wang Anshi is also known as "the Tang people know Lao Du and get his fence, only Yishan is alone".

Li Tiaoyuan's "Poems of the Rain Village" believes: "Learn Du and follow the rules everywhere, this stupid uncle will not be promoted to his hall for life, and he will enter his room." The Tang people ascended to the church, but Li Yishan was alone. This was partly due to his stylistic and rhythmic innovations, some of which some critics found to be still bold and eccentric.

There are very few references to him during his lifetime, with only 11 poems by six poets. And none of these poems mention him as a model of poetry and ethical views in terms of his influence.

Yet, as Hong Ye put it, Du Fu is "the only poet in China whose influence has grown over time." His work became famous in the ninth century, and the early positive comments came from Bai Juyi, who promoted the ethical views of some of Du Fu's works, although he found them only in some of Du Fu's works.

In addition to Bai Juyi, there is also Han Yu, who wrote an article to refute the voices against Li Du and defend their aesthetic status. At the same time, the poems of these two poets have the shadow of Du's poems.

Du Fu's realist creative spirit, after confessing to Juyi, influenced the creation of Pi Rixiu, Cao Cheng, Nie Yizhong, Du Xunhe and others, thus forming a realist poetry school, which dominated the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty.

Huang Tingjian, the ancestor of the Jiangxi poetry school in the Song Dynasty, has the saying of "one ancestor and three sects", and "one ancestor" is Du Fu. Huang Tingjian believes that Du Fu's poems have no origin, and the Jiangxi poetry school also requires that the words have a history. The Jiangxi poetry school also likes to use the awkward style that began with Du Fu.

In the Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao, etc., specialized in exploring the strange side of Du Fu, forming the "Jiangxi Poetry School", and later Wang Anshi, Su Xuan, Lu You, and Wen Tianxiang were also influenced by Du Fu to a certain extent, Wen Tianxiang made 200 sets of Du Fu's five-character poems in prison, and said in the preface: "Whoever I want to say, Zimei will speak for him first. 」

Du Fu's broader influence was that Du Fu's works transformed poetry from a game of words into a vehicle for expressing political aspirations, laying the foundation for later poets to write on political themes.

Du Fu is not only famous in China, but also abroad. In 1481, Korea translated Du Shi into Korean, called "Du Shi Proverbs". His influence on Japanese literature was relatively late, and until the seventeenth century he had the same reputation in Japan as he did in China.

Du Fu had a particularly profound influence on Matsuo Basho. Du Fu is also a favorite writer of American writer Rex Ross.

Du Fu's influence on future generations also has a moral aspect. In the twentieth century, the modern American poet Rex Ross believed that Du Fu was concerned with love, tolerance and sympathy between people: "My poetry is undoubtedly mainly influenced by Du Fu. I think he is the greatest poet of all time outside of epic and drama, and in some respects he surpasses Shakespeare and Homer, at least he is more natural and relatable. 」

Du Fu did not receive much praise and attention during his lifetime and some years after his death, and Gao Zhongwu's compilation of "Zhongxing Jian Qi Ji" specially selected poems from the period from Suzong to the end of Daizong, but did not select Du Fu's poems. "The Collection of Heroic Souls of Heyue" also did not choose Du poems.

Among the ten anthologies of Tang poetry that exist today, except for the seven poems of Du Fu selected in Wei Zhuang's "Another Xuanji", the rest of the selections do not choose Du Fu's poems.

At the beginning of the 10th century, the poet Wei Zhuang of the fifth dynasty found the ruins of the thatched cottage and rebuilt the thatched hut to preserve it.

In the Song Dynasty, Du Fu's reputation reached its peak, and Su Xuan first advocated Du's poems "Collection of Masterpieces", saying that his "Book of the Six Books of the Tang Family" poem cloud: "Du Zimei's poems, Gree Tianzhong, dying of Han, Wei, Jin, and Song Dynasty. 」。

The development of science in the Song Dynasty ensured Du Fu as a model of poetry and his supremacy, and Su Xuan explained the reason: "There are many poets in ancient and modern times, and Zimei is the only one, is it not because he is hungry and cold, and he will not use it for life, and he will not forget the king for a meal!"

His ability to think forged his influence, and because of his desire to establish a good social order, he was admired by politicians, reformers learned from his compassion for the poor, and writers learned from his artistic innovations.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the writer Jin Shengyan called Du Fu's poems, Qu Yuan's Lisao, Zhuang Zhou's Zhuangzi, Sima Qian's Historical Records, Shi Nai'an's Water Stream, and Wang Shifu's The Legend of the West Chamber.

In contemporary times, Du Fu's loyalty to the state and concern for the people have been reinterpreted to mean nationalism and socialism, and he himself has been praised by modern researchers for his use of the "language of the people". (To be continued......)