In his book The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud developed the first topology of the mind, arguing for the existence of the subconscious and describing how to participate in the subconscious.

The preconscious mind is regarded as the layer of thoughts that exists between the conscious and the subconscious, and it is not difficult to explore. Freud believed that the completeness of enlightenment, positivism, and rationalism can be achieved by understanding, transforming, and mastering the subconscious, rather than by denying or suppressing it.

Freud believed that the development of individual desires, as indicated by the concept of "ascension", is a constant transformation of objects. Human beings are born "polyphasic metamorphoses", and any object can be a source of pleasure.

Depending on the stage of development, people will fix on specific objects of desire—the first phase of oral desire (e.g., the pleasure of breastfeeding in infants), followed by the anal phase (e.g., the pleasure of controlling intestinal production in children), and then the sexual period. The child then goes through a period of fixed sexual desire with the mother, the so-called mother-love complex, but this desire has a taboo nature and must be suppressed—the less well-known father-love complex is the sexual desire fixed on the father.

Freud hoped that this model would be universally accurate, so he turned to classical mythology and contemporary national literature as a source of comparison. The term Freud's mother-love complex, originally known as the "Edipas complex", is taken from the famous Greek tragedy writer Sophocles's famous work "King Edipus".

Freud said, "I found in myself love for my mother and jealousy for my father. Now I think it's a phenomenon of children. 」

Sigmund Freud attempted to implement this model of development at the level of psychological dynamics. Each stage is the process of sexual maturity into adulthood, which will lead to the development of a solid self. and develop the ability to delay the satisfaction of desires.

Freud saw the conflict of Edipas as a form of psychosexual development and enlightenment, and in this way pointed out his conviction of the human desire for incest and the need to suppress it.

He turned to cultural anthropology for the study of totem worship, arguing that the worship was performed ritually, reflecting the tribal conflict of Edipas.

Any discussion of Freud's thought is far-reaching and controversial, and the question of the role and psychology of women cannot be called complete.

Although Freud was an early advocate of women's freedom and education, some feminists argued, Freud's views on women's sexual development. Set back the progress of women in Western culture by decades. Move closer to the ideology of male superiority and inferiority of women.

Freud believed that women were crippled men who had to learn to accept their own mutilation (missing penis) and to remember the imaginary physical commandments.

Based on this, he came up with terms such as penile envy and castration fear to describe the desire to be outside the home. The psychology of women who show their talents. Not only does it "enrich" the rhetoric that discriminates against women. It also harmed women's right to education before the 1970s, increasing the barriers for women to enter the traditionally male-dominated social arena.

Although Freud's argument has been questioned by those who care about women's equality. However, feminist theorists such as Juliet Mitchell, Nancy Chadro, Jessica Banzhemin, Jane Gallup, and Jane Fryce believe that psychoanalytic theory is not separate from feminist schemes, and that it is acceptable to adopt it for their own use, like other theoretical traditions, and remove the sexist elements from it.

Another feminist, Shulamis Fellstone, agrees that Freud's theories are still useful to the feminist movement. In her essay "Freudianism: Misguided Feminism", he argues that Freud's argument is basically correct, except for one important detail that needs to be corrected: where Freud writes about the "penis", the word "power" can be replaced.

It is also worth noting that Freud earlier believed that hysteria originated from sexual immorality in childhood, but later abandoned this theory of seduction, and bluntly said that in many cases, it was found that the memory of sexual indecency in childhood was not from facts, but mostly from imagination. Instead, the Edipas theory is emphasized, which holds that people subconsciously want to have sex with their parents.

The subconscious "id" represents the primitive program of the mind—our most primitive, the desire-satisfying mind—a word created by Freud based on the work of George Godike.

The superego, which is also part of the subconscious, represents the conscience generated by society, and counters the id with moral and ethical thoughts.

The "self", which is mostly at the level of consciousness, is balanced between primitive needs and moral and ethical beliefs. The healthy self has the ability to adapt to reality and interact with the external world in a way that embraces the id and superego.

The notion that the mind is not a monolithic and homogeneous thing still has a profound impact on people outside the field of psychology. Freud was very concerned with the dynamics between these three parts of the mind, and in particular the ways in which they arise into conflict.

These three systems are intricate and interact with each other, resulting in a variety of behaviors and thoughts. The ego requires the ego to satisfy its desires, the superego requires the ego to suppress its desires, and the ego reconciles the two aspects and takes appropriate measures according to the actual environment.

Freud believed that the ego uses psychological defense mechanisms to resolve conflicts between the superego and the id. To use this mechanic, you need "Eros", the Greek god of love, and Cupid in Roman mythology.

When used appropriately, defense mechanisms can alleviate conflict between the superego and the id, but excessive or excessive use without confronting the conflict can cause anxiety or guilt, which can eventually lead to mental imbalances such as depression and depression.

Freud's daughter, Anna Freud, was a distinguished researcher in the field of defense mechanisms, but she credited her father with the credit for pioneering defense mechanisms.

There are several defense mechanisms: denial, reactive structure, diversion, repression and inhibition, projection, intellectualization, rationalization, compensation, sublimation, and degenerative emotion.

"Denial" is to avoid becoming aware of unpleasant facts or realities that threaten the self. For example, students receive poorly performing report cards and say to themselves that grades don't matter – some early researchers argue that Freud's "denial" bears a strong resemblance to Nietzsche's concepts of "indignation" and "re-valorization of value" in the morality of slavery or herd.

The "response structure" is the conscious taking a certain direction that is completely opposite to the subconscious desires. For example, if a person has a strong hatred of a race, claiming that the reason is that the race is inferior or inferior, subconsciously it is the person who feels inferior to him.

"Transfer" is the shift of emotions from dangerous objects to safe objects. For example, hitting the pillow to avoid attacking someone.

"Repression" refers to the subconscious forced expulsion of extremely painful experiences (such as war trauma) from the level of consciousness, while "suppression" refers to the conscious doing the same.

"Projection" is the projection of an unpleasant thought, motive, desire, or emotion that is basically a part of oneself onto another person or object. For example, a miser will say that others are calculating, and a person who is unwilling to admit that he or she is preoccupied with sex may be more likely to be angry at the way others are obsessed with sex.

"Rationalization" is emotionally detaching the self from stressful events. Rationalization usually disengages itself not by accepting reality, but by rationalizing explanations.

"Intellectualization" is the decision made through the legitimacy of the construction logic, and the initial reason for this decision comes from other mental states that are completely different from rationalization. For example, A buys an MP3 player for a self-growth course, but fears that the real reason will not be agreed upon, so he tells his friend that he bought the player because he listens to classical rock.

"Compensation" is the inability to achieve one act and replace it with another. For example, the first child is very good at reading, and the second child may often amuse his parents to get attention.

"Ascending" is the act of directing impulses to social proof. For example, the poetess Emily Dickinson, who wrote about life in dark and gloomy poems, is an example of her creative activity.

"Degenerative emotion" refers to behaviour that retraces to the pleasure and satisfaction of earlier childhood (earlier stages of development) in order to balance psychological conflicts. Common examples include nail biting, finger sucking, overeating, irritability, and childlike tone. (To be continued......)