Freud believed that human beings are driven by two conflicting desires: original energy, love and death, and death. What Freud meant by love and originality encompasses all the creative and life-generating drives.

The death drive (or death instinct) represents the impulse within all living beings to return to a state of tranquility or eventually to no longer exist. Freud did not recognize the death drive until later in life, and the contrast between these two drives represents a revolution in Freud's style of thought.

Freud explained the origins of religion in various works. The book "Totems and Taboos" proposes that human beings began to gather in the form of "primitive tribes", a polygamous combination that includes one man, many women, and their offspring.

According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, boys have sexual desires for their mothers early in life, and this mother-love complex is a common phenomenon. His father was able to protect the tribe, so men admired him, but at the same time they were jealous of him because of his father's relationship with his mother.

The sons realized that they could not defeat their father, the leader, so they killed him together, and then feasted on him in the form of a ritual feast, so as to incorporate their father's strength into their own bodies.

However, the guilt that the people carried afterwards also made them strengthen the memory of their father and worship him. In this way, the superego replaces the father, forming an internalized source of authority. This also led to the creation of taboos of incest and marriage within the tribe, and the substitution of ritual human slaughter with symbolic animal sacrifices (sacrifices).

Moses and Monotheism reconstructs biblical history based on Freudian theories, but biblical scholars and historians have been criticized for their inconsistency with existing credible sources. Not accepted.

Freud's ideas were further developed in the book The Future of Illusions. Speaking of religion as an illusion, Freud emphasized that it is a fantastical structure from which one must break away if one is to reach maturity. Freud's treatment of the subconscious was biased towards atheism.

Freud was trained as a physician and was convinced that his research and results were scientific products. However, his colleagues, as well as later psychologists and academics, have been critical of his research and practice.

For example, Juliette Mitchel and others have suggested that the reason for this is Freud's basic thesis that subconscious fears and desires inspire our conscious thoughts and actions – that challenge the idea of universality and objectivity in the world itself.

Certain people who champion science. It is believed that this theory invalidates Freud's theory. Make it a way to understand human behavior. Other supporters of Freud argue that this is the same as invalidating science and making it a way to understand human behavior. Today's psychoanalysis is still relevant to the medical and academic schools that Freud underwent during his lifetime. Maintain the same ambiguous relationship.

Spiritual therapists who try to treat mental illness today. It is related to Freudian psychoanalysis in different ways. Certain therapists modify Freudian orientations. Develop a variety of mental dynamics patterns and treatments.

Others reject Freud's model of mind, but put some parts of their therapy, especially those that rely on the patient's speech in the form of therapy. Adapt and reuse. Psychiatrists are medically trained, but like the doctors of Freud's time, they mostly rejected Freud's theory of mind, and relied on activating psychological drugs instead of speech in their treatment.

Freud's theory of mind is still controversial, and many important psychiatrists in the field of research consider him to be nothing more than a man, but there are other heavyweights in this field who agree with the core of Freud's theory.

Mental disorder is often regarded as a pure brain disease, which is basically hereditary. This view emphasizes the physiological makeup of mental illness. Freud believed that most mental disorders arise from a combination of physiological and environmental factors, and that the most important is different from person to person.

Regardless of the value of psychoanalysis as a form of philosophy, Freud introduced the following three concepts, which broke with previous Western philosophies.

He created a model of mental programming that shattered Descartes' self-thinking. For Freud, the process of thought generation is beyond the direct reflection of the subject.

From a historical point of view, Marx's analysis of the type of consciousness predates Freud, but the latter regards the ambiguity of subjectivity as fundamental. After both, the goals of human practice, and the ideas used to rationalize them, are at the heart of Freud's psychosexual history and Marx's role as a social class.

Freud examined the "plausibility" found in dreams, slips of the tongue, neurotic signs, and the textual construction of psychopaths, which seemed utterly incomprehensible, irrational, and meaningless.

In contrast, he finds "irrationality" (such as the element of pure arbitrariness and weirdness) in the material of work activities, political philosophy, and institutional social behavior, which are clearly and clearly "rational".

Freud introduced innovative speech techniques from speech therapy to alleviate frustration by indirectly leaking subconscious content. The reverse procedure of psychoanalytic therapy shows how individuals form their problems in a subconscious way according to the logic of symbolic compression and emotional transfer.

Freud's model of psychosexual development has been the subject of much criticism. Some have attacked Freud's notion that children are sexual creatures (with implications for Freud's concept of sexuality).

Others, while accepting Freud's concept of sexuality, argue that this model of development is not universal and unnecessary for the development of healthy adults, and emphasize the importance of social and environmental factors, as well as the need to pay attention to social dynamics (e.g., class relations) that Freud neglected. This critique of Freud was heavily influenced by the work of Herbert Marcuse.

There have also been criticisms of Freud's rejection of positivism. The philosopher of science Karl Popper developed a method for distinguishing between science and non-science. He believed that all reasonable scientific theories had the possibility of proving their falsification.

If a theory cannot be falsified, it cannot be called scientific. Popper pointed out that Freud's psychological theories can never be "proven" because nothing can prove their falsification.

Although Popper's method of distinguishing between science and non-science is generally accepted by scientists, there is still controversy in the field of philosophy of science and philosophy in general. Academic psychology usually distinguishes only between "theories" and "hypotheses", the former being too abstract to prove its existence, and the latter, although derived from theories, which may be verified by research.

Behaviorism, evolutionary psychology, and cognitive psychology all reject psychoanalysis as a pseudoscience. Humanistic psychology adheres to the psychoanalytic view of people, which is both harsh and incorrect. Other schools of psychology construct alternative approaches to psychotherapy, including behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and individual-centered therapy.

Important publications: 1895, A Study of Hysteria, co-authored with Joseph Brewer.

"The Interpretation of a Dream in 1899" - "The author saw this book most often in bookstores when I was a teenager, but unfortunately I didn't read it after buying it several times"

"1901 Psychiatry of Everyday Life", "1905 Three Treatises on Sexology", "19013 Totems and Taboos", "1914 On Narcissism"

1920 The Principle of Transcendent Pleasure, 1923 The Self and the Id, 1927 The Future of Illusions, 1929 Civilization and Its Discontents, 1939 Moses and Monotheism, 1940 Psychoanalytic Compendium

Freud's theories led to the emergence of surrealism and existentialism

I'm listening to and watching the "Lanruo Temple "Millennium Elegance" plot music MV", some friends say it's very sad, I personally like the beginning, and when the first sound appears (because the headphones are worn all year round, it seems that it can't be distinguished), and when the first female voice appears in the lyrics, I forgot what it was like "the voice of the human hall and the front hall"

I've looked for it with Ye Li before, but I don't know where I am, so I'm old

Yesterday, I chose a team, ran to bet and met an analyst friend, enthusiastically told me that team and that team, I was suspicious, because he played the opposite of me, so I played the same as him, and the result was annihilation......!