They had crossed the equator at Cape Verde, and Darwin was given a shaved face—his face was painted, tarred, and pressed into a sail filled with seawater, a ritual that the new crew had to undergo.

A trade wind sent the Beagle to Brazil, anchored in Bahia, and Darwin landed in El Salvador. He walked through the forest and was enchanted by the beauty of the landscape, which confirmed Humboldt's description.

"No one can imagine a view as beautiful as the ancient town of Bahia, completely embraced by a dense forest of beautiful trees, located on a cliffy coast overlooking the quiet waters of the wide Gulf of All Saints, one of the most beautiful landscapes in Brazil," he wrote in his diary.

But no one other than those who have experienced it can comprehend the extreme joy that one feels when walking among such flowers and such trees. 」

Back in town, the carnival was taking place. All the drudgery was done by blacks, and Fitzroy, a Toryist, thought it was reasonable, saying that he had asked a slave owner if his slaves were dissatisfied with the status quo and whether they wanted to be free, to which the slaves replied "no."

Darwin, who leaned towards the Whigs, was not accustomed to it, and thought that the slaves should be freed, and that what the slaves said in front of the slave owners was meaningless, and the captain was enraged and walked away.

Fitzroy later apologized to Darwin, and the two reconciled. Darwin and Fitzroy had dinner in the captain's quarters, and were respected by their fellow travelers, who began to call him "Sir" and officers "dear old philosopher" and "our flycatcher".

The Beagle set sail again, heading south along the coast. After measuring near the Abrolius Islands, arrive in Rio de Janeiro. The family wrote to him that his sister Charlotte was married to a parish priest and that his former girlfriend Fanny had married a wealthy man in March.

Darwin, grieving for Fanny, threw himself on a trip to the outback. One of his traveling companions was a slave owner, and although he was friendly to Darwin, he was ready to break up 30 slave families and put them up for auction, an act that once again angered Darwin.

He came to Botafogu and when he came ashore he found that there was a wave of sea. His books, instruments, and guns were all soaked in water. It took me a day to deal with it.

The Beagle went to Bahia to check the longitude and was not heard from for several weeks, while Darwin stayed there to catch prey and make specimens, and in the evening wrote letters to Henslow, Fox, and others.

When the Beagle returns again. New cannons were installed on board. Three crew members, including Masters, fell ill and died. McCormick also resigned and returned home. Attended the worship on the warship Vicious.

The Beagle left the tropics and continued south, into the bay of La Plata, where Darwin landed in Montevideo the next day. He made specimens from some beetles collected in the suburbs. Some were sent home, and some of the most important were sent to Henslow.

The Beagle sailed away from La Plata to observe the coast, only to encounter stormy weather and break its anchor twice. Their ship sailed into the port of Blanca, where Fitzroy befriended Harrison, the owner of the unposted, who led the Beagle to a safe mooring.

Darwin went against the tide and met the Gaucho for the first time. While hunting, he tasted new delicacies such as American ostriches, armadillos, and agoutis.

During his search on the Alta Plateau, he found some huge fossils of extinct mammals. He also brought back a lower skull, which he believed belonged to the Pre-Allocide otter.

The Beagle returned to Montevideo, and Fitzroy was ready to send three Tierra del Fuego and one Englishman to Tierra del Fuego missions.

The naval exploration ship Beagle (also known as the Beagle) undertook a five-year exploration campaign (1831-1836), during which Darwin spent two-thirds of his time on land.

He meticulously documented a large number of geographical phenomena, fossils, and organisms, and systematically collected many specimens, many of which were new to science.

At regular intervals, he sent specimens collected during these voyages and letters documenting these discoveries to the University of Cambridge, and he soon became a renowned naturalist. These exhaustive exploration records of Darwin revealed the amazing talent of a theorist and served as the theoretical basis for his later works.

His first travelogue for his family, later published as The Beagle's Journey, is a detailed sociological, political, and anthropological account of the indigenous and colonial customs he travelled through.

During the voyage, Darwin suffered from illness. Suffered from a severe fever in Argentina. On his way back to Valparaiso from the Andes, he collapsed again and spent a month on his sickbed.

Before they departed, Robert Fitzroy gave Darwin a copy of Charles Ryle's Principles of Geology (in South America he received the second volume). The book interprets topography as the result of gradual evolution over a long period of time.

When the first leg of his journey reached Cape de Santiago, Darwin noticed a white sedimentary layer high up in the volcanic cliffs of the site, containing bare coral and shell fragments.

This explained Ryle's theory well and gave Darwin a fresh perspective on the geological history of islands, which led him to decide to write a book on geology.

Darwin made more discoveries on the rest of his journey, many of them dramatic. In Patagonia, he saw cobblestone and seashell plains scattered up the secondary level, which were actually raised beaches.

After surviving an earthquake in Chile, he found that the bed base of the shellfish was high above the tides, indicating that the land had been raised.

High in the Andes, he found fossil trees standing on a sandy beach surrounded by seashell flakes. After the Beagle explored the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, he deduced that the coral roundabouts were formed on top of sinking volcanoes.

In South America, Charles Darwin discovered and excavated some extinct fossils of giant mammals, many of which were not located in geological formations that showed signs of drastic weather changes and catastrophic events.

And the skull of an animal looked to him like that of an African rhinoceros. In addition, he judged that some of the carapace was from a giant prehistoric armadillo that was two to three times the size of a common armadillo in the area, but was misled into believing that they were part of the remains of the genus Earth Sloth, which had been found nearby.

In Ryle's second book, the creation of all things is reduced to "centresofcreation", and Darwin, who was already ahead of his time, was puzzled.

The last time the Beagle came to Tierra del Fuego, the three Indians (Native Americans) were sent back home and then became missionaries.

During their two years in England, they were educated in the English tradition and entered the familiar "civilized society", but their relatives were "hopeless and insulting to humanity" to Darwin.

A year later, the missionary mission was forgotten by them, and only Jamie Barton told them that he would rather live the difficult life he had lived than return to England.

Because of this, Darwin reconsidered man, and he came to the conclusion that although man was a higher animal, his animal nature was never lost, as his friend said, and understood that the evolution of each civilization was different, not that it was determined by race.

When he saw the atrocities committed by European settlers against the indigenous people in South America, New Zealand and Australia, he strongly opposed slavery and lamented these barbaric acts.

Captain Fitzroy had been writing the official diary of the Beagle's itinerary, and at the end of his trip he read Darwin's diary and asked him to revise it again to serve as the third volume in Natural History.

Darwin's family was more disobedient to the Anglican Church of the time, and his grandfather, father, and brother were all free thinkers. Against this backdrop, Darwin continued to believe in the Bible as a child, and even later studied theology at Cambridge University and became a pastor.

At this time, he believed in a set of teleological proofs that proved the existence of God in terms of the mysteries of the natural world. Later, during his voyage to the Beagle, Darwin learned that there are many different species in the world, and that the characteristics and habits of these species cannot be explained by the Bible.

For example, there is a wasp caterpillar that lays eggs in its body, and the eggs become parasites and kill the host, which is considered to contradict the Teleological Proof's doctrine that "nature is a manifestation of God's good will."

Still, Darwin cited the Bible as a moral authority while criticizing some of the historical statements in the Old Testament.

In Darwin's study of the evolution of species, the social implications of the relentlessness of species behavior were often seen by non-Anglicanists and atheists as a means of attacking the theories of the Anglican Church.

Darwin believed that religion was actually a survival strategy for a living race, although he still believed that God was the ultimate law-maker of nature.

After the death of his daughter Anne in 1851, Darwin's faith waned and he leaned toward skepticism. At this time, although he continued to help with some church affairs, he no longer attended church on Sundays.

He tended to believe that suffering was a natural law more than God's trials. When asked about his religious orientation, he pointed out that he was never atheist, but agnosticism was a more accurate description of his mind.

In his autobiography, Darwin also stated that the authenticity of the Gospels was questionable and that he had no sufficient evidence to believe that Christianity was the doctrine of God. (To be continued......)