One of the Demon Rebels, Darwin

Charles, Robert, and Charles Darwin (1809-1882), also known as Darwin, were English biologists and naturalists.

Darwin was known for his early geological research, and later presented scientific evidence that all living species evolved from a few common ancestors after a long process of natural selection.

In 1930, Darwin's theory became the main explanation of the mechanism of evolution and became the basis of modern evolutionary thought, which can provide a consistent and rational explanation of biodiversity in science, and is the cornerstone of modern biology.

While studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Darwin developed an interest in natural history. He went on to study theology at Cambridge University.

Darwin became a geologist after five years of sailing the Beagle. He made observations and theories to support the uniformity ideas of Charles and Lyle.

After returning to England, he published "The Voyage of the Beagle", which made him a famous writer. Confused by the geographical distribution of the creatures and fossils he saw during his voyage, Darwin began to study species transitions, and in 1838 he came up with his theory of natural selection.

Since such ideas were considered heretical at the time, Darwin initially revealed them only to close friends, and continued to conduct further research in response to possible opposition.

In 1858, Wallace sent him a paper containing a similar theory, prompting Darwin to decide to co-publish it with him.

The Origin of Species, published in 1859, made the origin of the evolution of a common ancestor. It has become an important scientific explanation for the diversity of the natural world.

Darwin's Emotional Expressions of Humans and Animals and The Origin and Sexual Selection of Humans explain the evolution of human beings and the role of sexual selection. He also published a series of books on botanical research, the last of which discussed the effects of earthworms on soils.

In recognition of his outstanding achievements, Darwin was buried next to the tombs of Newton and John Herschel at Westminster Abbey in London, England.

Darwin was first educated at home, and when he was alone with his sister Caroline, he spent a lot of time in his father's library, observing the flora and fauna around him, and sometimes fishing in the river.

He once hiked the Welsh Mountains with friends and began to keep a diary of his observations of the local birds. In his sophomore year, he enrolled in industrial science, physics experiments, and natural history.

The professor of natural history at the time was Robert Jameson. He adhered to the theory of water formation in geology. Darwin had made up his mind to "never read a single book on geology again".

In 1826, Darwin applied to join the Pliny Society, and William Brown, one of its presidents, was his introducer, and the following week he joined William Grieg in the formal union.

Brown and Grieg and others held not only radical scientism and anti-clerical views. It is also believed that there is no essential difference between the brain functions of lower animals and humans.

Year 1827. Darwin's notes are full of observations about these marine invertebrates. His first observations were published at the Werner Society of Natural History. He gave a speech at a meeting of the Pliny Society, announcing that he had discovered that the larvae of algae bryophytes were able to swim, and that the black object on the shell of the oyster was the eggs of leeches.

Grant often expressed his admiration for Lamarck to Darwin. It is believed that animals are structurally interconnected, and that the origin of plants and animals can be traced back to algae and hydroids.

Jameson taught students three practical classes a week at the museum, explaining various exhibits, including minerals, and Darwin learned about the ordering of rock formations.

He frequented museums to view and make bird specimens. Duncan's medical class introduced the "natural system" of the Swiss botanists Augustine de Cando, which emphasized competition between species.

Darwin's aversion to medicine grew, and he wrote home to inquire about the situation, and eventually left school without a degree.

He studied Bishop Pearson's Statement of Faith, The Testimony of Christianity and a number of other religious works. Admitted as a self-financed student at Christ College. He spent the rest of his time studying classical culture, and in 1828 he and his brother went to Cambridge.

At the beginning of the term, he had no place to live at Christ's College, so he had to stay at the home of a tobacconist on Sydney Street. He was in the company of some assiduous scholars, and at the outset he made a vow: "Obey all laws and customs, love this university steadfastly, and defend it under all conditions".

The senior superintendents, Adam and Sedgwick, are vice-presidents of the Geological Society of London and work on sedimentary rocks. He developed hobbies such as listening to music, visiting museums, and joined a group called the Gluttonous Club.

The group's penchant for including eagles, owls, owls and more in their menus, as well as plenty of rides, wasted Darwin's time.

The wave of beetle searches swept across the country, and Darwin joined them. Every year, he went to Woodhouse and Mel to hunt small animals, and identified some rare insects based on the writings of Lamarck and George Samyer.

In addition, he was able to consult with some well-known naturalists.

He used to spend time hiking, boating, and fishing.

When he returned to Cambridge, he lost interest in the Holy Spirit and his studies, and was in frequent contact with Schuseberry's classmate and Cambridge instructor, Price Sr., who admired Darwin's ability to accurately identify plants.

Locals who hired mercenary beetles to collect beetles often irritated him, and his contact with Fox became increasingly indifferent. Darwin attended some carnival parties and read Edward Gibbon's History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire while drunk.

There was also a riot against the superintendent at the school, and Darwin cheered for the rioting students.

Professor Henslow led the students on a trip to collect plants, and Darwin continued to be busy hunting insects. Activists Richard Carlyle and Robert Taylor issued a letter of challenge inviting Cambridge administrators and priests to discuss the merits and demerits of Christianity.

According to them, about 50 young college students were shaken in their faith. Darwin was among them, but ready to repent, and he later called Taylor "the devil's priest."

During the summer vacation, he collected beetles in his hometown and nearby, and in mid-June, he was sick for half a month. Stephen's "A Picture of the Blood of Insects" was printed, and Darwin was added to the list of acknowledgements of the captors.

I took the time to read Semere Richardson's novel "Clarissa". James Mackintosh told him that the function of the brain can be changed by education. Therefore, it is not born and cannot be reflected by the shape of the head. Darwin agreed, and renounced his belief in phrenology.

Prepare for the exam. The content of the exam is drawn from classical writings, the New Testament, and William Parley's Evidence of Christianity.

In Parley's argument, there is the notion of a "future kingdom of rewards and punishments", which "gives order to chaos and merges the moral world with the natural world."

Darwin and Professor Henslow became close friends, and they often walked together. With some other students travelling to places like Gamlingey and Botisham to collect flora and fauna, Henslow soon discovered that he was a man of manufacturability.

He studied Alexander von Humboldt's Travels in South America and William Herschel's Introduction to the Study of Natural Philosophy, and was determined to "make his own modest contribution to the construction of the noble palace of natural sciences".

He wanted to visit Tenerife like Humboldt and asked about the sailing schedule and ticket prices to the Canary Islands. Adam Sitchwick arrives at Mount Manor and takes Darwin on an expedition to the mountains north of Wales.

During this trip, Darwin learned a lot about geology, and the first goniometer he bought came in handy. The group found many animal bones in the caves along the Elvi River, but the subsequent search for fossils on the way to the coast was fruitless.

On the way, Sitchwick had baseless accusations of theft from the waiter, and Darwin clashed with him, so he began to explore alone. Upon his return home, he received a letter from Henslow and Peacock containing a ticket to the globe.

The Beagle's Journey

It turned out that the Navy was looking for a partner for Captain Robert Fitzroy to carry out an expedition to the coast of South America.

Henslow thought that Darwin was the man they were looking for, not only as a young gentleman, but also as a basic naturalist.

When the Beagle officially set sail, Darwin was not used to it, and the seasickness reaction was very strong. Another storm hit in the evening, and Fitzroy was forced to give the order to return.

Darwin returned to the harbour to prepare his nautical diary, and studied mathematics, Spanish and German, and read naturalist books.

He went to sea again, but ran aground at low tide and entered the open sea half an hour later, returning the next day due to a change in wind direction, and the trip was postponed again.

The Beagle lifted anchor again and sailed out to sea. The day after they sailed, four crew members were flogged for their Christmas mistakes. Arriving in Madeira, Darwin vomited so badly that he did not come ashore.

They arrived in Santa Cruz and an official came running to inform them that they needed to undergo a 12-day quarantine. They failed to land and continued south, leaving Tenerife two days later.

The Beagle arrived in Praia, and Darwin, along with Fitzroy, met with the Portuguese Governor and the American Consul of the Cape Verde Islands. Fitzroy began his measurements, and Darwin went on a hike with Masters and McCormick.

His discovery of bands of shells and corals in rocks about 30 feet above sea level suggests that subsidence has occurred in some places and is a strong testament to Lyle's view

(To be continued......)