One of the protectors of the Demon Hero, the Demon Confucius

Confucius (552-479 BC), surnamed Kong, Mingqiu, Zi Zhongni, was a native of Lu Guoyi. He was a philosopher, politician and educator in the late Spring and Autumn period of China, and the founder of Confucianism.

When Confucius was alive, he was known as the "Sage of Heaven" and "the Wooden Pole of Heaven", and after Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty advocated the exclusive respect for Confucianism, the rulers of later generations revered him as the Sage of Confucius, the Sage of Literature, the Most Holy, the Most Holy Teacher, and the Master of All Ages.

Confucius's Confucianism had a profound influence on China and the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, the Ryukyus, Japan, Vietnam, and other regions, also known as the Confucian Cultural Sphere.

Confucius had a very difficult life in his early years, he said, "I am a little and a low, so I can do a lot of things. 」

When he was a child, Confucius often put up ritual utensils for sacrificial purposes and practiced performing rituals as a kind of game. At the age of 19, Confucius worked as a clerk, commissioner, and a small official for the Lu nobleman Jisun, managing warehousing and animal husbandry. Married the Song people Qi Guan as his wife, and the next year Qi Guan gave birth to a son.

Lu Zhaogong sent someone to send a carp to congratulate, and the son was named Kong Carp, the word Boyu. Kong Carp died before Confucius, and there is a posthumous son Kong Ling, and the word Zi Si.

At the age of 23, Confucius began to take in apprentices in the countryside to give lectures, and his students included Yan You (the father of Yan Hui), Zeng Dian (the father of Zeng Shen), Ran Geng, etc.

In the seventeenth year of Lu Zhaogong, Tan Zi, the monarch of Tan State, visited Lu. Tanzi was erudite and talented, and the 20-year-old Confucius came to see him. Han Yu's "Shi Shuo" has a saying: "Confucius is a teacher. Confucius successively "greeted Lao Dan, learned the drum and piano from his teacher, and visited Xu Hong." 」

Around the age of thirty, some of the first disciples came to Confucius. Thereafter. Confucius has always been engaged in education, he has a wide range of disciples, according to legend, there are 3,000 disciples, and 72 sages.

He was the first to advocate "Teaching without Class" and "Teaching Students According to Their Aptitude", and became the pioneer and representative of academic decline and private lectures at that time, so he was revered by later generations as "the master of all ages" and "the most holy teacher".

When Shi Qi was thirty-five years old, Lu Zhaogong was defeated by the three Huan Ji Sun, Shusun, and Mengsun clans who were in power in the Lu State, and fled to the Qi State, and Confucius left the Lu State to go to the Qi State. Confucius once talked about music with Taishi Qi and listened to the beauty of Shao music. I don't know the smell of meat in March.

Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics. Confucius said, "Monarchs, ministers, fathers, sons. Qi Jinggong said, "Good! Ministers are not ministers. Father is not father. Son is not son. 」

After leaving the state of Lu, Confucius led his disciples to travel around the world, traveling to Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Ye, Chu and other places. However, none of them have been reused.

Confucius returned to defend the country after a few months of stay in Pucheng. When he met Nanzi, the Duchess of Wei Ling, Confucius looked to the north, bowed his head to the ground, and did not look at him squarely, and his wife Nanzi also bowed to Confucius again in the curtain.

When Zilu learned about it, he was very dissatisfied with this matter, and did not say anything on the surface, but Confucius understood it in his heart, so Confucius swore to Zilu to heaven, "If I am not right, let God dislike me!"

A few months later, Wei Linggong and his wife Nanzi were in the same car, Confucius was the second, and the rest of the officials followed behind, swaggering through the city. Confucius was ashamed of this, and when asked what was the shame, Confucius sighed, "I have never seen a person who loves morality as much as he loves beauty!" and left the country.

When Confucius was in Zheng Guo, he was separated from his disciples, and Confucius stood alone at Guodongmen. Someone told Zigong that there were people at the east gate who looked like lost dogs. The disciple finally found Confucius and told Confucius what he said, and Confucius smiled happily and said, "The shape is the end. It's like a lost dog, yes!"

Looking back on his life, Confucius said, "Five out of ten I am determined to learn, thirty am standing, forty are not confused, fifty are aware of the destiny of heaven, sixty are obedient, seventy are obedient and do what I want. 」

During the Spring and Autumn period in which Confucius lived, the political system based on blood clans in Western Zhou society collapsed and collapsed, and the "Zhuxia" ethnic community based on cultural identity was taking shape.

This is the era when the cultural consciousness of the Chinese first occurred, classics became fashionable, some people began to think about the way of heaven, life and the order of the world, and cultural education originally monopolized by the aristocracy is gradually flowing into the people.

Confucius is the representative of the spirit of the times and the master of the master, thus opening the precedent of the Warring States Princes. The Book of Changes, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Book of Filial Piety, and the Analects are the main works that understand his own thoughts.

The philosophy of life of "benevolence" is a topic that Confucius and his disciples repeatedly discussed. Confucius would tell the truth of "benevolence" for different disciples and at different times, which can be said to teach students according to their aptitude.

Roughly speaking, Confucius's "benevolence" is just the word "loyalty and forgiveness" that Zeng Tzu said. Confucius also said, "Fortitude, wood, and benevolence" and "Clever words, fresh benevolence" are telling us that "benevolence" is to be sincere and down-to-earth, and we must not be exaggerated and untruthful and go against the right path.

Zigong once asked Confucius, "If you are generous to the people and can help the people, what is it?" Confucius said: "Whatever is benevolent will also be holy! It can be said that the prescription for benevolence has been taken. 」

Confucius told Zigong that he didn't have to be ambitious, start from himself, and then push himself and others.

Confucius thought that his personality might be too extreme, so Confucius told him that there were five ways to do benevolence: "Gong, Kuan, Xin, Sensitive, and Hui." Respectfulness is not insulting, generosity is to win the public, faith is a person, sensitivity is meritorious, and benefit is enough to make people. 」

Confucius told Sun Shi Xingren to start with "being strict with oneself and lenient with others". To be strict with one's own cultivation, to treat others with respect and tolerance, and to be able to treat others with kindness, this is the way to practice benevolence.

Yan Yuan was an exemplary student among the disciples of Confucius, and Confucius once praised him for "his heart does not violate benevolence for three months". Confucius only hoped that he could use "li" to further restrain himself. Chapter 1 of "The Analects of Yan Yuan": "Yan Yuan asks for benevolence. Zi said, "Self-denial is benevolence. One day of self-denial and retribution, the world will return to benevolence. For the sake of benevolence, and by others?' Yan Yuan said, "May I ask its purpose." Zi said: "Don't look at incivility, don't listen to incivility, don't speak incivility, don't move incivility." Yan Yuan said, "Although I am not sensitive, please do something." 』」

Ran Yong has good moral character and political talents, and once served as Ji Shizai. When he asked about benevolence, Confucius said, "When you go out, you will see a great guest, and you will make the people like a great sacrifice." Do not do unto others as you would have them do unto you. No complaints in the state, no complaints at home. 」

Confucius's answer was more political. Confucius told Ran Yong that the way to be benevolent is to treat people respectfully and make the people tolerant, so that the public will not have any resentment towards you, that is, to practice benevolence.

Sima Niu was restless and restless. When he asked Confucius what benevolence was, Confucius told him that "the benevolent man also has his words", revealing the importance of prudence.

When Zigong asked about benevolence, Confucius used a metaphor to tell him the importance of "using friends to help benevolence": "If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools." Ju is a state, a sage who is a doctor, and a benevolent person who is a friend. 」

Confucius also earnestly admonished us: "Be benevolent, don't let the teacher", "There is no survival to harm benevolence, there is killing to become benevolent", and "A gentleman goes to benevolence, evil becomes famous?

The social order of "rites" is "moderation", which is also interpreted by the Confucians of the Song and Ming dynasties as "reason". "Sima Qian, Taishi Gong Self-Introduction" has: "Etiquette is to be a person, and happiness is to make peace." 」

Although the gentleman and the villain are distinguished by status, Confucius did not think that this is the only difference, and the more important thing is cultivation and realm.

Confucius explained this in many ways, such as he said, "The gentleman is modest, and the villain is anti-modest. The mean ("impartiality, no fault") is the highest state of self-cultivation, and it is also a method, which has a rich and subtle connotation, and puts forward the saying ("A gentleman is dressed properly, respects his eyes, and is feared by others, and is not powerful but not fierce"), indicating that proper clothing is an important matter for a gentleman, and for details about the clothing recommended by Confucius, see Hanfu.

In the past 100 years, many people have been disgusted with moderation, probably misinterpreting it as the behavior of a hypocrite who is in the same stream, flattering to the world, and unprincipled. 」

He believes that if you can't reach the middle level, madness is the next best state, after all, "the mad are enterprising, and the fierce are not doing". Confucius also said:

"A gentleman is a man of righteousness, and a villain is a man of profit. 」

"A gentleman is erudite in literature, and he can be courteous, and he can also be a husband!"

"Quality is better than literature, literature is better than quality, history is better, literature is courteous, and then gentlemen. 」

"The gentleman is frank, and the villain is a relative. 」

"A gentleman has nothing to eat, no shelter to seek security, is sensitive to things and cautious in words, has the right way and righteousness, and can be said to be studious. 」

"Gentleman and Taoist three: the benevolent are not worried, the knowing are not confused, and the brave are not afraid. 」

"A gentleman does not exalt people by his words, and he does not speak nonsense by others. 」

"The gentleman is not arrogant, and the villain is arrogant but not arrogant. 」

"The gentleman is poor, and the villain is poor. 」

"The gentleman is not compared, and the villain is not compared. 」

"The gentleman is harmonious but different, and the villain is the same but not harmonious. 」

"Monarchs, ministers, fathers, sons, sons. (To be continued......)