At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the German philosopher and mathematician Leibniz interpreted the 64 hexagrams of the I Ching in binary.

Leibniz pointed out in his Letter to Draymond that the 64 hexagrams in the I Ching are similar to the binary notation he invented more than 20 years ago: yin - can be represented by 0, yang - can be represented by 1.

Leibniz also said that the numbers 0 and 1 can represent all things, just as the yin and yang in the I Ching ——, yang - endless, breeding all things. 000000 is the Kun Kun in the 64 hexagrams, 000100 is the Kun Zhen in the 64 hexagrams, and 111111 is the Qianqian in the 64 hexagrams.

Leibniz further echoed the gossip that God created the world in seven days, Kun 000: for the heavens and the earth are desolate, and all things are empty, the first day: Gen 001 for God to create the heavens, and the second day: Kan 010 for the heaven and the earth together on the seventh day of the Dry 111: for all things to have, for the Lord's Sabbath.

"Yi Chuan" is also known as "Ten Wings", and in the early days, it was generally believed that "Ten Wings" came from the pen of Confucius.

Zhou Yi Notes (Zhou Yi Notes) by Cao Wei Wang Bi (hexagrams, dialects, bigrams, elephants, and literary dialects), Han Kangbo of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (Hu Ci, Diagrams, Preface Hexagrams, and Miscellaneous Hangs) annotated Zhou Yi Notes, and Tang Kong Yingda (574-648) Shu Zhou Yi Justice, 10 volumes. One of the Five Classics of Justice and the Thirteen Classics.

The five elements - yin and yang - tai chi - wuji.

The Song Dynasty's "Three Character Classic" mentions: "There are mountains, there are Tibet, there are Zhou Yi, and the three are detailed".

"Historical Records of the Confucius Family" said: "Confucius was late and liked "Yi", "Preface", "Yi", "Silk", "Xiang", "Hexagram" and "Wenyan". 」

"Zhou Yi, Shu Ci Chuan, Shang" attributes the nature of "Yi" to "Qian", and the nature of "Jane" to "Kun".

In the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", it is said, "Fu Xi has the "River Map". Because of this, the Xia people said "Lianshan".

Zheng Xuan's note in "Zhou Li" quoted Du Zichunyun: "Lianshan, Mi opera, Guizang, Yellow Emperor." 」

"Zhou Yi Justice": "When King Wen wrote "Yi", he was in Jinli, Zhou De was not prosperous, and he was still Yin Shiye, so the title Zhou was different from Yin. This is why King Wen performed it is called "Zhou Yi". His "Book of Zhou" and "Zhou Li" are inscribed with the title of Zhou to say goodbye to the rest of the generations. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" of the Western Han Dynasty: "Xibo is in the middle of the day, and Zhou Yi is played."

"Songya Notes" Volume 1 "The Book of Mr. Yin Yuanchang of the Shangzhi Army". The "Synopsis of the Four Libraries" says, "Give full play to the learning of Han Confucianism. Take Xun Shuang. Yu is the main one, and the arguments of Zheng Kangcheng, Song Xian, and Ganbao are all integrated into their meanings, and they are self-absorbed and self-neglected. 」

Popular Science in Mathematics: Common Sense Fallacies Are Worrying. Leibniz's statement that the numbers 0 and 1 represent all things has nothing to do with the 64 hexagrams of the I Ching.

Building Spirit. Yuan Hong and the Eastern Jin Dynasty Metaphysics. Included in Studies in Chinese Studies (Volume I). pp. 67-92, Beijing: Peking University Press, March 1993.

The I Ching is one of the oldest books in China. The philosophical ideas in the I Ching are the great source of Chinese culture, which has not only universally and substantively influenced the development of China's academic, political, and social aspects for thousands of years.

In particular, it has cultivated every Chinese's outlook on life. The reason why the philosophy of the I Ching is so influential is that the content includes not only the principles and principles of all things in the universe, but also the words and deeds of life, just as the legend goes: "Fu Yi is wide, and if you say that you are far away, you will not be able to control it, if you say it will be quiet and upright, and if you say it will be between heaven and earth, you will be prepared." 」

Fu Xi's painting hexagram: Ancient legend Fu Xi painted eight trigrams, the founder of the I Ching philosophy. Fu Xi was the founder of the animal husbandry era in ancient Chinese history, the first "king" in Chinese history, about 4700 BC, in terms of the early age of his time, in fact, the ancestor of human philosophy in the world.

The biography records that he painted gossip: "The ancients Bao Xi (i.e., Fuxi), the king of the world, looked up at the sky, looked down at the law on the ground, watched the birds and beasts and the earth appropriately, took all the bodies closely, and took all things from afar, so he began to make gossip, with the virtue of the gods, and the affection of all things. 」

King Wen of Zhou: King Wen of Zhou (1232-1135 BC) was at the end of Yin Shang, when Yin Zhen was in power, the world was in turmoil, King Wen carried forward the philosophy of the Book of Changes with a heart of sorrow, and emphasized the gossip for sixty-four hexagrams, making hexagrams and words, and was known as "King Wen Yanyi" in history.

At the time of King Wen, the people of the society had a very strong belief in ghosts and gods, and King Wen invented a kind of Zheng technique, which integrated the philosophy of the Book of Changes into the Zheng Shu Divination, through the 64 hexagrams and the 384 hexagrams, and the words of auspiciousness, fierceness, repentance, and miserliness, so as to guide and educate the rationalization of the people's lives, so later Confucius praised King Wen: "The sage teaches with Shinto, and the world obeys." King Wen of Zhou further implemented the gossip philosophy of the Fuxi clan into the people's daily life.

Confucius praises: There was Confucius more than 500 years after Queen Wen, and Confucius was born at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius inherited the Xu of Fuxi and King Wen, and also pioneered the philosophy of the Book of Changes, and he made ten wings to explain the 64 hexagrams and hexagrams and words of King Wen, eliminating the Shinto atmosphere of the division of the arts, and purely explaining the good and evil reasons with philosophical thoughts, and since then the Book of Changes has become a book of pure philosophical thoughts.

The ten wings of Confucius are ten texts, which are called Yi Chuan by later generations, and the sixty-four hexagrams and hexagrams and epithets of King Wen are called I Ching. The greatest contribution of Confucius was the completion of the vast ideological system of the I Ching philosophy, in which the universe, all things, and human beings are all included in the "Tao" of the Great Law, and human beings, with their natural wisdom, are the first to improve their spiritual life, pursue morality, and open up a bright road for the future of mankind.

Confucius's promotion of easy learning is the highest achievement in the history of the development of I Ching philosophy, and it is known as "Confucius praises Yi".

Fu Xi, King Wen of Zhou, and Confucius are known as the "Three Sages of Yi Xue".

The two Han Dynasty elephant numbers are easy to learn: after Confucius, easy to learn declined, to the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Tian He gave Yi, but it was revived. However, the Western Han Dynasty mathematics and the study of disasters and differences prevailed, and the philosophy of the Book of Changes was influenced by this, which merged with the study of mathematics, causing it to be used to occupy and break disasters, and was known as "Xiang Shu Yi".

The Western Han Dynasty is easy to wind, generally before Emperor Xuan, still guarding Confucianism and Yiyi, since Emperor Xuan's time Meng Xi, Jiao Yanshou, Jingfang, etc. are all experts in the disaster and disaster, and they are also the backbone of the number of Yi.

To the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, Xun Shuang, Yu Translation, etc., inherited it, and the number of images was not only used to occupy the disaster, but also used to interpret the scriptures.

The number of elephants is easy to follow to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, cumbersome and absurd, it is a matter of Wang Bi's note. Wang Biyi's note on the number of elephants is attributed to the meaning of the understanding of Yi, which can be said to be the end of the two Han Dynasty elephant numbers.

Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasty Yi Shu and the study of books: Since Wang Bi, Buddhism has flourished and easy to learn has declined. In the Song Dynasty, Yi Xueshi revived again. The Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties were complicated, and in other words, Zhou Lianxi was the first to launch the Taiji diagram, which later developed into a branch.

Shao Yong's innate ease of being a single one. Although Cheng Yichuan and Zhang Zai are different, they can always be attributed to Yili. The study of Hetu and Luo Shu is generally popular. In addition, due to the decline of the world, many hermits wrote books, and most of them inherited the study of elephant numbers, which can be found in the Taoist collection. This period of easy learning, to the Ming Dynasty, to Zhide can be regarded as the end of the study of easy numbers and books, and Wang Chuanshan can be regarded as the successor of the study of righteousness. In the Qing Dynasty, although there were Huidong, Jiao Xun and other studies that were easy to learn, it was not enough to say that there was a great creation.

Dao: The Tao is the essence of the philosophy of the I Ching, and the reason why the I Ching is called philosophy is because there is a way. What is the Tao? Ancient and modern thinkers can only say the meaning of one aspect, but cannot give a comprehensive description.

Generally speaking, it can be understood from the following aspects: 1. The Tao is metaphysical. 2. The Tao is a universal law. 3. Tao is a popular righteousness, with the virtue of giving birth to all things. 4. The Tao is one. 5. The Tao has three meanings: simple, easy, and difficult.

Image: Elephant is an ideological symbol that expresses the Tao, and the philosophy of the I Ching was founded before the invention of writing, and it was the earliest to express the Tao with images. Elephants can be divided into: 1. Bagua. 2. Sixty-four hexagrams. 3. Various forms of hexagrams.

Technique: The technique is called the art of Zheng, which was founded by King Wen of Zhou. Its method is based on fifty yarrows, tossing and turning, to obtain hexagrams, and then according to the hexagrams and hexagrams, to account for good luck and evil. The meaning of art is the same as that of images, and it is also a way to express Yi Dao.

Number: The development of number in the I Ching philosophy is extremely complex, because the hexagram itself comes with number. There are the number of heaven and earth, that is, from one to ten, the odd number is the number of days and the number of yang, and the even number is the number of the earth and the number of yin. There are the number of fate, which refers to the seven, nine, eight, and six four numbers in the Zheng technique.

There are innate and acquired numbers, which are said by the number of elephants and the number of the combined branches. There is a congenital easy number, which is used by Song Shao Yong to learn.

Text: The Chinese part of the I Ching is a later part, referring to the words of trigrams, the words of the Yi, and the text of the Ten Wings. Words, arts, and numbers are the same tools for expressing the Tao as images. (To be continued......)