The ancients wrote books, almost all of them did not make money, and almost all of them became famous in later generations, especially classics, what does this mean? It shows that your era cannot tolerate you, do not tolerate you, do not tolerate people who are too naïve and too naïve, and ......

One of the guardians of the Demon Hero, Wu Jingzi

Wu Jingzi (1701-1754) was a realist writer of the Qing Dynasty. Because he moved to Nanjing, Jiangsu Province from his hometown of Anhui Quanjiao, he called himself "Qinhuai Yuke".

For generations, the local family, "the family sound branch has never been beautiful", and the great-ancestor Wu Guo pair is the Tanhua during the Shunzhi period. Grandfather Wu Dan was a prisoner, and his uncles Wu Sheng and Wu Yu were all Jinshi and first, "a famous prince and a giant who went out of his door".

Wu Jingzi lost his mother at the age of thirteen, and followed his father to Ganyu at the age of fourteen. When he was young, he had a literary name, he "read only to see, can recite", at the age of twenty-three to get the Xiucai, this year his father Wu Lin died of illness, but until then, the imperial examination has not been smooth.

Wu Jingzi's father, Wu Linqi, left a legacy of more than 20,000 taels of silver, but Jingzi "has never been accustomed to governing life, and is rich in sex", "pouring wine and singing, poor day and night", "open-minded by nature, anxious for friends", there are "changes in seizing property" among the clansmen, "brothers participating in business, clan slander", regarded as a ruined son, and "passed on as a child in the township".

In the 11th year of Yongzheng (1733), he moved to Qinhuai Shuiting in Jinling with the Xuxian Ye family, and lived in the west of Baibanqiao on the bank of the Qinhuai River.

In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Zhao Guolin, the governor of Anhui, and Tang Shilin, the governor of Jiangning. He Xuetai Zheng Jiang strongly recommended him to participate in the Erudite Hongci Curting Examination, but he refused because of his thirst, and his cousin Wu Wei and friend Cheng Tingzuo were defeated.

In his later years, he had to live in poverty, and he had to rely on buying literature and friends to help him get by, "without a single penny in his pocket, he made a thousand thunders in his belly", so that he could exchange books for rice. Every year in winter, the temperature is bitterly cold, and friends go around the city at night, singing and singing. Call it "foot warming".

A close friend Cheng Jinfang described in "The Biography of Mr. Wenmu": "Go out of the south gate of the city. Traveling dozens of miles around the city wall, singing and whistling, corresponding to each other, and catching Ming. Enter the water at the west gate. The laughter of the major people dispersed. Night after night, it is called warm feet", "make friends in the rest of my life." Don't be poor in Minxuan. Arrived at Huai to visit Yu, check its wit, and there was no inkstone. Yu said: This generation relies on to live, can you leave for a while? Minxuan smiled and said: I have my own pen and ink in my chest, and I don't bother it. Its flow and rhyme are enough to cover up for a while. Suffocate it, pass on its learning, the sky is in Minxuan, if there is no other meaning, it can not be vulgar and still measured. 」。

Wu Jingzi had taken refuge in Yang Kai, an official who had returned to his hometown after his dismissal in Zhenzhou, and because of the embarrassment of life, he had a poem "Rain": "Tomorrow morning, I will ask Yang Zi, when will my wife and children return the rice", expressing the hope that Yang Kai will support his life.

In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), when Wu Jingzi was 54 years old, he went to Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province to visit friends and drink, and in a slightly drunk, he repeatedly recited the poem "Traveling in Huainan" by Zhang Hu of the Tang Dynasty, mainly to take refuge in Lu Jianzeng, the salt transport envoy of the two Huai, and in 1754, Wang Youzeng, who went south from Beijing, drank bitterly in the boat. After returning, he was drunk and hot, phlegm gushed and shortness of breath, and he died instantly.

At that time, only the youngest son Wu Wei was guarding the bedside. At that time, Wu Jingzi was destitute and "pitiful still has money left over for clothes", Lu Jian had bought a coffin for him, and the coffin was buried at the foot of Qingliang Mountain in Jinling.

Hu Shi, a writer of the Republic of China, once begged Wu Jingzi for a copy but could not get it. Hu Shi said in "The Biography of Wu Jingzi": "The number one writer in Anhui is not Fang Bao, not Liu Dazhu, nor Yao Nai, but Wu Jingzi of Quanjiao. 」

Wu Jingzi's "History of Confucianism" by Wu Jingzi's Former Residence Memorial Hall, No. 8 Taoyedu, Nanjing, exposes the ugly appearance of scholars from many aspects based on personal experience, and Wang Mian in the deed is the author's ideal reader.

The Confucian Waishi is a model of classical Chinese satirical fiction with its profound criticism of the imperial examination system and feudal etiquette, and full of spicy criticism of Qing Dynasty society. The novel took him about 20 years to complete until he was 49 years old.

Wu Jingzi also wrote "Wenmu Mountain House Collection". Cheng Jinfang said in "The Biography of Mr. Wenmu" that there are "several volumes of "Poetry and Sayings", but unfortunately they have been lost.

Wang Youzeng's "Book Wu Zhengjun Minxuan Mr. Wenmu Shanfang Poetry Collection After the Order": "Since the beginning of the country, the most important science has been the most prosperous Quanjiao Wu".

Hu Shi's "Annals of Wu Jingzi" believes that Wu himself did not "feign illness", but had to give up the opportunity due to the aggravation of thirst-quenching disease (similar to diabetes).

Hu Shi: In the Preface to the Reprint of the Collection of Wenmu Shanfang, he said: "I respect Mr. Wu the most, and I often want to ask for his posthumous works, and I often wonder that there may be another copy of his poetry and essays preserved in the world. 」

Cheng Jinfang wrote "The Biography of Mr. Wenmu": "(Mr.) is the author of several volumes of "Wenmu Shanfang Collection" and "Poetry and Sayings"; 」

The novel "The Outer History of Confucianism" (also known as the Zhanghui novel) has a total of 56 chapters, about 400,000 words, and describes nearly 200 characters. The novel pretends to be in the Ming Dynasty, but actually describes the fame and life of scholars under the imperial examination system during the Kangqian period.

"The History of Confucianism" was not until more than ten years after the author's death, when Jin Zhaoyan was a professor of Yangzhou Fuxue, the "History of Confucianism" was engraved and printed, "people strive to write it". This engraving is now lost. The earliest surviving engraving is the Wo Xiang Cao Tang book engraved in the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803).

There are 56 engravings in circulation, and some of them are considered to have been forged by later generations.

In the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873), Zhang Wenhu began to comment on the "History of Confucianism" under the name of "Tianmu Mountain".

Zhang Wenhu thought that the thirtieth chapter of "The Outer History of Confucianism" Du Shenqing's disgust with women was due to Xiao Jing's incident; the thirty-sixth chapter of "The Outer History of Confucianism" wrote that the filial son Guo Li went to Xichuan to find his father, Zhang Wenhu thought that the prototype of Guo Xiaozi was Hu Xiaozi in Li Baotai's "The Anthology of Hu Xiaozi Looking for Relatives", and the thirty-eighth chapter of Guo Xiaozi's sneezing and scaring the tiger was from "The Emperor and the Wild".

Zhang Wenhu also found out that the prototype of Tang Song was Wu Jingzi's friend Yang Kai, and Xun Mei's prototype was "suspected to be surnamed Lu", and Ping Buqing further specified that it was Lu Jianzeng.

The Outer History of Confucianism is an outstanding satirical novel of realism in the history of Chinese literature. The content written, assuming that Ming Ji is actually the Qing Dynasty, and nine out of ten characters are real people.

It truly depicts the ups and downs of the life of intellectuals in the Kangqian period, the ups and downs of circumstances, the gains and losses of fame, the rise and fall of official careers, the nobility and despicability of sentiments, the advocacy and disillusionment of ideals, and the exploration and pursuit of a way out.

Wu Jingzi affirmed or denied the characters in the book with an attitude towards fame and wealth, such as Kuang Chaoren forged documents and impersonated the exam, but was "inscribed by Wenzhou Xuezheng as a good line, and paid tribute to Taixue and dismissed", Yan Gongsheng did all kinds of evil, but was recommended as "excellent line" by his predecessor Zhou Xuetai; when the author ruthlessly lashed out at ugly things, he also praised positive characters, Wang Mian is the first-rate character in the book, and he is "rugged and upright", Zhuang Shaoguang pursues "turning customs with etiquette and music" and "turning people into virtues", and Daddy Niu and Daddy Bu are also praised by the author.

Cheng Jinfang said in "Huairen Poems": "The foreign history records Confucianism, portrays He Gongyan;

In "The Outer History of Confucianism", Wu Jingzi used simple, flexible, and humorous local language to write about the decadence and darkness of the imperial examination system, the vulgarity of fake scholars, and the meanness of corrupt officials. Hu Shi described this book: "The country hangs the signboards of Confucius and Meng every day, in fact, no one is allowed to say the words of Confucius and Meng, and no one is allowed to practice the teachings of Confucius and Meng, as long as people recite the Bagu Wen and make trial poems......;