The Outer History of Confucianism had a great influence on the novels of the Qing Dynasty, although it did not have a pre-designed structure at the beginning. As Hu Shih put it, "This book is a kind of satirical novel, with a bit of realism, and there are no words of gods and monsters, and there are few words of heroes and children. Moreover, the characters in the book are all Confucianists, and what kind of career and political election they talk about is not something that ordinary people can understand. Therefore, among the first-rate novels, "The Outer History of Confucianism" is the least popular."

It has a certain significance to lash out at social injustice and enhance the people's idea of independence. Moreover, it has a profound inspiration for modern satirical literature. Another characteristic of "The Outer History of Confucianism" is that it has a loose structure, without a backbone that runs through the beginning and the end, and "things come and go".

Xia Zhiqing said in Chapter 6 of "The History of Confucianism" in "The History of Classical Chinese Novels": "Although Confucianism is an important novel reflecting the literati, if we look at the author's colorful portrayal of the bustling world of his time, it seems to be more of a comedy of customs. 」

Hu Shi believes that the later condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty, such as The Strange Status Quo Witnessed in Twenty Years, The Appearance of Officialdom, The Travels of the Old Remnant, The Flowers of the Sea of Evil, and The Legend of the Flowers of the Sea, are all remnants of the Outer History of Confucianism.

The Outer History of Confucianism has been translated into English, French, German, Russian, Japanese, Italian and other languages. It can be used as a living and vivid reference for the whole world to understand the Chinese imperial examination system.

Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" spoke highly of it, "so it is said that there is a book of satire in the department", and "there are few books that satirize the world with public intentions, such as "The Outer History of Confucianism".

Lu Xun also commented in "The Historical Changes of Chinese Novels": "Satirical novels began with "The Outer History of Confucianism". It can be said to be absolutely resounding. 」

Some scholars have pointed out that in the twelfth chapter of the Outer History of Confucianism, Zhang Tiejian boasted that he could "turn the contents of the bag and my medicine into water in an instant, and no hair remains." The story is completely based on Feng Yi's "Guiyuan Cong Tan" "Cui and Zhang call themselves heroes".

Qian Zhongshu said, "Among the masterpieces of old Chinese novels, 'The Outer History of Confucianism' has the most repetitions. At the same time, Qian Zhongshu pointed out: "Those who talk about Wu Jingzi have a lot of reputations. 」

According to the examination, there are two places in the seventh round, one in the thirteenth round, and one place in the fourteenth round. Forty-sixth round, one place. There is a plot to follow. There are also conversations. There is also a place where the verses of the ancients are used.

Ji Xianlin pointed out that the eighth chapter of "The Outer History of Confucianism" said: "It is the sound of the son, the sound of the abacus, and the sound of the board. It is similar to the story of You Dong's "Gen Zhai Miscellaneous Notes" and Chu Ren's "Jian Gu Ji" ten episodes in Volume 1.

The poetess Shen Qiongzhi written in the fortieth and forty-first chapters of "The Outer History of Confucianism" is similar to the fourth volume of "Suiyuan Poems". The fifty-third chapter of "The Outer History of Confucianism" is similar to the first volume of "Youyang Miscellaneous".

The textbook "Fan Jinzhongju" for the Chinese subject of the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination from 1993 to 2006 is taken from part of the third episode of this work, "Zhou Xuedao Scholar Pulls Out True Talent, Hu Butcher Murder Investigation Report".

There are many historical facts in the foreign history of Confucianism. Some of the characters have real people. For example, write "Wang Mian painted lotus money adoptive mother". Among them, the protagonist Wang Mian is a real person. It's true.

In the preface to Huang Anjin's "New Commentary on the Outer History of Confucianism", he said: "The book "The Outer History of Confucianism", when the book "The Outer History of Confucianism" was written, I was very good to people in the north and south of Anhui. It is quite involved in the customs accident of the north and south of the river. And what is remembered is mostly the common feelings of daily use, and there is no illusory talk, and the people referred to can be obtained, and the plausible, the plausible, the paradoxical or, so the people who love it will never get tired of reading it. 」

The old man Xianzhai's "Preface to the History of Confucianism": "His book is based on fame and wealth: those who are glamorous and rich and flattering, those who rely on fame and wealth and are proud of others, and those who pretend to be unintentional and infamous and rich and think that they are high, and are seen through and laughed at, and finally resign their fame and wealth, and the top layer of quality is the mainstay. 」

Xia Zhiqing, Introduction to Classical Chinese Novels. According to the Outer History of Confucianism, "the third part (chapters 37 to 54) is a mixture of various stories, and on the whole, without a clear idea, this part leaves a serious impression of immetry. 」

"The Strange Status Quo Witnessed in Twenty Years", also known as "The Strange Status Quo Witnessed in the Late Qing Dynasty in the Twenty Years", is a long chapter back novel written by Wu Zhaoren in the late Qing Dynasty with the pen name "I am from Foshan".

The book begins with "Escape from Death" encountering a big man in the market who sells notes on "Nine Deaths and One Life". "Nine Deaths and One Life" is the first-person protagonist of this novel, because he thinks that it is really nine deaths to survive in troubled times, so he uses this as a name.

At first, the protagonist mourns for his father, but the elders of the family and his father's friends covet his family's property. Fortunately, he was helped by an official and befriended him, and then he went into business under him, traveling all over China, in order to describe the general phenomenon of the troubled times at that time, and finally failed in business.

The book deliberately exaggerates the ugliness of human nature, especially focusing on foreign fields and officialdom, and some parts are inevitably a failure, but they are also a common problem of the late Qing Dynasty's condemnation of novels.

"The Appearance of Officialdom", a late Qing condemnation novel, a total of 60 times. The author, Li Baojia (1867-1906), was born in Wujin, Jiangsu.

The genre of this book is similar to the "Outer History of Confucianism", which is connected by a series of independent character stories, and was serialized in the "Shilu Prosperity Newspaper" in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903) until the 31st year of Guangxu.

This book directly points to the habits of feudal bureaucrats and the dark corruption of officialdom, and the Minister of Military Aircraft "Hua Zhongtang" opened an antique shop in the capital, specializing in selling officials.

There are almost no good people in the whole book, only bad people, and even the Empress Dowager Cixi admitted that "there are eighteen provinces under the world, where do the Qing officials come from", and Hu Commander was ordered to go to Yanzhou to suppress the bandits, but he also marched into the army, conniving at the soldiers to "wash down the villages and rape women". Li Baojia even collected the "handles" that were circulating at the time, and then insulted them to the fullest, such as: "A person who came out to be an official for the first time, without going through the wind and waves, saw the notebook from his boss, which said 'violation', 'not convenient', and 'set to be strict', and he must be frightened and panicked."

At the beginning of the volume, there is a preface to Maoyuan's cherishing autumn: "There is no performance outside of sending and greeting, and there is no material outside of Zhang; the sheep is ruthless and greedy, and others can't bear to do it, but the official does it; Below, the pleasure of drinking is regarded as the cause of life, and the pleasure of drinking is regarded as the norm. Look at the outside, the rules are wrong and the rules are wrong, and look at the inside, idle and sloppy. All kinds of absurdity, all kinds of perverseness, although I run out of pen and ink, I can't write!"

"The Appearance of Officialdom" is Li Baojia's masterpiece, one of the four major condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty. Li Xiqi said: "Most of the things written are real people and things. However, they do not use real names, and the kana names used also have meanings. 」

Lu Xun said: "The special situation requires that this is fast, so "The Appearance of Officialdom" is suddenly famous. 」

This book is anxious to show the characteristics of the Chinese era at that time, focusing on exposing the "filthy and despicable" of the bureaucracy, with a lack of detailed embellishment in the content, a lack of typification of the characters, and an exaggerated description, without concealment, and the content is not intriguing enough.

Its plot is much the same, written and written, it is inevitable that it will be mixed and repeated, and because it is written and published, the structure imitates "The History of Confucianism", so it seems chaotic and scattered.

Lu Xun said, "All the stories narrated, all catered, drilled, mixed, dug up, and dumped, and other stories, as well as the enthusiasm of the scholars and the hidden feelings of the officials. The clues are complicated, the footsteps are complex, and his memory is with one person, that is, with others, if it is interrupted, it is slightly the same as "The History of Confucianism".

"The Travels of the Old Disabled", one of the four condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty, signed by Hongdu Bailiansheng (also known as Hongdu Bailiansheng), written by Liu He (1857-1909) in the Qing Dynasty, a total of 20 times, 9 sequels, and 1 volume of external manuscripts, narrating what the old and disabled doctors in the rivers and lakes saw and heard during their travels, and the writing was vivid and well received. This work is also Liu E's only work of fiction. (To be continued......)