One of the guardians of the Demon Warrior - Shen Kuo

Shen Kuo (1031-1095), a scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty of China, was born in Qiantang County, Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), and was naturalized in Wu County, Suzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) with his mother.

Shen Kuo was born in the family of the eunuch, his father Shen Zhou and grandfather were the Dali Temple, his grandfather Xu Zhongrong was the prince of the horse, and his uncle Xu Dong was a Jinshi in the third year of Xianping (1000).

He was diligent and studious since he was a child, and at the age of fourteen he finished reading his family's collection of books. I once followed my father to many places and gained a lot of knowledge.

At the age of eighteen, he went to Nanjing and became interested in medicine. In the third year of Huangyou (1051), Shen Zhou died, and in the first year of He (1054), Shen Kuo entered the office in the shadow of his father, and served as the chief bookkeeper of Shuyang County, Haizhou (now Jiangsu).

The construction of canals and weirs and the development of farmland have made considerable political achievements. In the sixth year of Jiayou (1061), he served as the county magistrate of Ningguo, Anhui Province, advocated and initiated the construction of Wanchun Wei in Wuhu area, and wrote "Five Sayings of Polder" and "Map of Wanchun Wei".

In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), he was a lieutenant and served as the manager of Yangzhou to join the army.

In the third year of Zhiping (1066), he entered Beijing to edit the books of the Zhaowenguan. During the Xining period, Zhao Qi of Song Shenzong used Wang Anshi as the prime minister to carry out reforms, and Shen Kuo also actively participated.

He has successively served as a historian reviewer, a scholar of Jixian College, a celestial supervisor of the promotion department, a military weapons supervisor, and a third envoy. During this period, he wrote the "Armillary Sphere Discussion", "Floating Leakage Discussion", "Jingbiao Discussion", "French Treaty of City Repair", and "Camp Formation Law". He also made many missions and inspected many places.

After eight years in Xining, he studied as a bachelor in Hanlin. The Khitan envoy was sent to negotiate the demarcation of the border, and it was returned. On the way to the envoy, he painted the dangers of the mountains and rivers of the Liao Kingdom and the customs and people's feelings, and made it into the "Copy of the Envoy", which was published in the imperial court.

In the tenth year of Xining (1077), Shen Kuo served as the governor of Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui). In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was reappointed as the governor of Yanzhou (now Yan'an, Shaanxi). In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), he was falsely demoted.

(In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), the Wutai poetry case broke out, and according to Wang Tong's "Yuanyou Supplement" notes, Shen included the poetry case.) However, the Southern Song Dynasty historian Li Zhen once questioned the inconsistency between the years and the facts in the "Long Compilation of the Continuation of Capital and Governance". When you look at it again. )

In the second year of Yuan You (1087), he completed the "Map of the Counties of the World", which he had been ordered to compile in the ninth year of Xining, and named it the "Guardian Map".

In the third year of Yuan You, Shen Kuo moved to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). The garden land he had previously purchased. to operate. Named "Dream Creek Garden", he lived in seclusion here and died eight years later. Meantime. He wrote "Mengxi Writings", as well as the agricultural work "Mengxi Forgotten Memory" (lost), and the medical work "Good Prescription".

According to historical records, there are 22 kinds of writings in 155 volumes. Now most of them are gone, only "Dream Creek Pen Talk", "Continuation Pen Talk", and "Supplementary Pen Talk" remain. In addition, Shen Kuo's poems were compiled into 41 volumes of the "Changxing Collection" in the Southern Song Dynasty, and 19 volumes remain today. and the "Su Shen Prescription" compiled by later generations.

Zhu Yu recorded in "Pingzhou Can Talk", Shen Kuo had two wives before and after, the second was the daughter of Huainan to Zhang Qian, Zhang's arrogant and fierce, usually abused Shen Kuo, pulled off the beard and the belt meat, the children hugged their heads and cried, knelt down and begged Zhang's anger; However, after Zhang's death, Shen Kuo was depressed and unhappy, and when he crossed the Yangtze River, he once dived into the water to find a shortcoming, and died the following year.

Shen Kuo has made important achievements and contributions in physics, mathematics, astronomy, geoscience, biomedicine, etc., and has also made considerable achievements in chemistry, engineering technology, etc.

For example, in mathematics, he founded the "gap accumulation technique" and the "circle technique".

In physics, he discovered the existence of geomagnetic declination more than 400 years earlier than in Europe, expounded the principle of concave mirror imaging, and also studied the phenomenon of resonance.

In terms of geoscience, he understands the erosion of water from the topography such as Yanlu Mountain, and deduces the process of the formation of the impact plain from the biological remains in the rocks of the Taihang Mountain.

In addition, Shen Kuo has certain attainments in literature, music, art, and historiography. And his outstanding achievements are mainly concentrated in "Dream Creek Writings".

Shen Kuo wrote in his book Mengxi Writings: "There is oil in the territory of Yan and Yan, which is quite like pure lacquer, but it is like hemp, but the smoke is very thick, and all the curtains are black, and this thing will be widely used in the world, and it will be done from the beginning. Cover oil at most, and be born in the earth endlessly, not as pine as sometimes exhausted. Shen Kuo discovered oil, and the Chinese name for oil today is the name given by Shen Kuo.

The Biography of Shen Kuo in the History of the Song Dynasty described him as "erudite and eloquent, and he was well versed in astronomy, francs, law, music, medicine, and divination." The British historian of science Joseph Needham commented that Shen Kuo was "a criterion in the history of Chinese science".

On July 1, 1979, in his honor, the Purple Mountain Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences named the asteroid 2027, which was discovered by the observatory in 1964, as Shen Kuo.

"Mengxi Writings" Shen Kuo's notebook works are divided into 26 volumes, 3 volumes of "Supplementary Writings", and 1 volume of "Continued Writings". Named after the Mengxi Garden written in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang), the book was written from about 1086 to 1093, and contains what Shen Kuo saw and heard and opinions during his life.

The existing "Mengxi Writings" is divided into 17 items, including stories, dialectics, music rhythms, elephant numbers, personnel, official affairs, power and intelligence, art and literature, calligraphy and painting, skills, instrumentalities, magic, strange things, fallacies, ridicules, magazines, and medicines, with a total of 609 articles.

The content covers astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography, meteorology, medicine, engineering technology, literature, history, art and music.

Among them, the natural science part summarizes the achievements of science in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, and records in detail the contributions of the working people in science and technology, and is an important document and encyclopedic work in the history of Chinese science and technology.

For example, in mathematics, he pioneered the "gap accumulation technique" and the "circle technique", pointed out that the pole star is not at the celestial pole in astronomy, concluded that the winter solstice day is long, the summer solstice day is short, and the astronomical instruments have also been improved, and the calendar has been boldly innovated and the "Twelve Qi Calendar" has been proposed.

In terms of geography, the erosion of flowing water explains the origin of strange landforms.

In terms of physics, he recorded magnetic declination, concave mirror imaging experiments and sound resonance experiments, technical aspects such as Bi Sheng's invention of movable type printing, river engineering master's method of closing the dragon plug, Yu Hao's "Book of Wood" and his architectural achievements, compass, copper smelting, steel, petroleum, etc.

The term "oil" was first coined in the book and is still used today. The British historian of science Joseph Needham praised this book as "a landmark in the history of Chinese science".

There are also more detailed records of social historical phenomena, such as the deeds of the rebel army Li Shun, the actual taxation situation, the military affairs of the northwest and north during the Northern Song Dynasty, and the evolution of the ritual system

Evening Notes: Eating, drinking, playing, eating, drinking, prostitution, gambling, eating, eating, drinking, eating, eating,

And drinking water, tea, juice, coffee, and drinking, only the wine is drunk and crippled! Wine has an aphrodisiac effect, and it is not good to drink too much and over-blood.

Played with words. Never miss it.

The words of prostitution are intriguing, holding Yang Guifei on the left, Zhao Feiyan on the right, Lin Daiyu today, Wang Zhaojun tomorrow, Xi Shi the day after tomorrow, a knife on the head of the color word, this knife is very sharp. None of the above is a problem.

Gambling on the sky, gambling on fate, choking on gambling, gambling on luck, betting on who is cheating, gambling unwillingly, willing to gamble without admitting defeat and powerless, gambling on true pride, gambling on losing demeanor!

Alas! I'm bored, I've lost 00000 again, my dream of traveling around the world has been shattered again, tears are flashing, go home, is it useful to regret it? Surrender! The protagonist of the fourth part of the whimsical part of the boring god cool little monster is about to make a shocking debut, please don't look forward to it!

When you enter the gambling game, it is easy to have an impulse, and you can't be woken up at that time, because you are already in the middle of the game, laughing!

Demon Lotus in the Fire: Gambling often, the mind is prone to problems.

Snow Fairy: It's impulsive to enter the gambling game.,The brain is irrational.,In the game.,When you're out.,You're awake.,It's too late.、Regret is useless.,Or be optimistic.,The dream of traveling around the world will always come true.。 Don't forget to come to the Northeast to see the ice lanterns!

Long Yinyue replied to the snow goblin: It's too cold.

Water Boy: Floating clouds are floating clouds.

Long Yinyue replied to the water boy: Psychology says that people who say that floating clouds represent the weak, incapable, and moneyless, and I saw it in the magazine today. I hope you're not!

The water boy replied to Long Yinyue with tears: You guessed it. (To be continued......)