One of the guardians of the Demon Hero, the Demon Hero - Lu Xun

Zhou Shuren (1881-1936), known as Yucai, formerly known as Zhangshou, Yushan, Yuting, is famous for his pen name Lu Xun, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, an important writer in China in the 20th century, a leader of the New Culture Movement, a supporter of the Cultural Movement, and a pioneer of modern Chinese literature.

The People's Republic of China is evaluated as a modern writer, thinker, and revolutionary. Lu Xun's works, including essays, short stories, reviews, essays, and translations, have had a profound impact on Chinese literature after the May Fourth Movement.

In 1881, Lu Xun was born in a scholarly family in Dongchangfangkou (now Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City), Huiji County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, China, named Zhou Zhangshou.

His grandfather, Zhou Fuqing, was a scholar of Xinwei Ke in the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871) and served as an official in Beijing. Lu Xun and Zhou Enlai are of the same ancestry, and their ancestors are Zhou Dunyi, the founder of science in the Northern Song Dynasty. His father Zhou Boyi is a talent and his mother Lu Rui.

In 1892, at the age of 11, he studied at the Sanwei Library, a private school opened by Shou Jingwu in his hometown of Shaoxing.

In 1898, at the age of 17, he left the Sanwei Book House in his hometown and entered the Jiangnan Water Master School, a new-style school in Jinling, and changed his name to Zhou Shuren.

In 1899, he transferred to the Jiangnan Lushi School and established a friendship with Chen Hengke, graduating in 1901.

In 1893 (the 19th year of Guangxu), his grandfather Zhou Fuqing was dismissed and imprisoned for fraud in the imperial examination, and the Lu Xun brothers were placed in the home of their uncle Huangfuzhuang, which was more than 30 miles away from the city.

Zhou Fuqing was sentenced to 8 years in prison, so the Zhou family had to spend a lot of money every year. So that Zhou Fuqing was able to live. The family began to decline, and at the same time, his father Zhou Boyi was seriously ill in bed and died in 1896. The changes in the family had a profound impact on Lu Xun.

The scenes of his childhood, such as Baicao Garden, Xianheng Hotel, and the countryside around his grandmother's house, became important sources of material for Lu Xun's two novels "Scream" and "Hesitation" and the essay collection "Morning Flowers and Sunset".

Lu Xun was influenced by the idea of evolutionary theory and loved to read books on new ideas, especially translated novels.

Lu Xun's notes when he studied in Japan have Mr. Fujino's notes.

Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu and other famous writers are all studying in Japan. In 1902, at the age of 21, Lu Xun went to Japan and first entered Tokyo Hongbun College to study Japanese. Two years later, he went to Sendai in 1904 and entered Sendai Medical College (reorganized as Tohoku University Medical College in 1912) to study modern medicine.

Lu Xun chose to study modern medicine. It was because of his father's illness that he had serious doubts about Chinese medicine. He was the first foreign student at Tohoku University and the only Chinese student in Sendai at the time.

The biggest influence on Lu Xun in Sendai was the anatomy teacher Fujino Yankuro. In the two books "Lu Xun's Youth" written by Zhou Zuoren and "Impressions of Dead Friend Lu Xun" written by Xu Shoushang, both of them have quoted Lu Xun's academic year results announced by Lu Xun's fellow classmate of the medical college, Doctor of Medicine Shigeo Kobayashi.

It can be seen that Lu Xun did the best in the ethics of social sciences. The grades in the natural sciences and medical majors were relatively average, and only the anatomy subject that Fujino was in charge of did not pass.

The overall score is as Lu Xun said in the article "Mr. Fujino": "Among the more than 100 students. I'm in the middle. But it didn't fall behind."

Some students in the class thought that it was "the question of last year's anatomy test. It was Mr. Fujino's lecture notes that were marked, and I knew the Tao in advance, so I was able to achieve such a result. 」

1994 year. Watanabe found that his grades were miscalculated: 60 points in the first semester and 75 points in the second semester, an average of 65 points in a single year, not 63.3 points, an overall average of 65.8 points in the school year, and an average of 83 points in the academic year in ethics.

In 1935, when the Japanese Iwanami Shoten wanted to publish a Japanese translation of the "Lu Xun Anthology", he asked his student Masuda Wataru, who carried out the compilation of the anthology, to "I think there is no one to put in it." There is only one article called "Mr. Fujino", please translate it and add it. After Lu Xun's death, Fujino also published the article "Remembering Zhou Shurenjun" to recall Lu Xun's study abroad life.

After a year of studying at medical school, Lu Xun dropped out of school. He himself mentioned this matter in the article "Mr. Fujino", saying that he was arrested by the Japanese army to be shot because of a documentary film about the Russo-Japanese War, in which the Chinese were detectives for the Russians, and he liked to be there to watch the stimulation of such facts as the Chinese, believing that "saving the country and saving the people needs to save the mind first", so he abandoned medicine and followed literature, hoping to use literature to transform the "national inferiority" of the Chinese.

According to Keisuke Nagata's monograph "Qiu Jin - The Legend of the Heroine", before Qiu Jin returned to China in 1905, he scolded Lu Xun, Xu Shoushang and others who opposed returning to China at Chen Tianhua's memorial service, and also pulled out the Japanese sword he carried with him and shouted: "Surrender to the captives, betray friends and seek glory." Bullying the Han people and eating me. 」

In 1906, his mother returned to China and married Zhu An. In the autumn of this year, Lu Xun and his second brother Zhou Zuoren went to Japan to study literature and art in Tokyo.

In 1907, he planned to start the magazine "New Life", but failed to do so due to financial problems.

In 1908, he studied under Zhang Taiyan, joined the Restoration Society (Zhou Zuoren thought that he did not join), and translated some short stories from Eastern Europe and Russia with his second brother Zhou Zuoren, which is the famous "Collection of Foreign Novels", but the sales were mediocre.

Osamu Dazai (Japanese writer) was commissioned to write a novel about Lu Xun's life as a student, "Farewell", which was published in 1945.

In 1909, at the age of 28, Lu Xun returned to China from Japan and served as a teacher of physiology and chemistry at the Zhejiang Two-level Normal School (now Hangzhou Senior High School), a teacher and supervisor at the Shaoxing Middle School, and the principal of Shaoxing Normal School (now Shaoxing College of Arts and Sciences).

In 1911, he wrote his first novel, Nostalgia (classical Chinese writing).

In 1912, 31-year-old Lu Xun was invited by Cai Yuanpei to work in the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China.

At this time, he went through a period of ideological depression, was quite disappointed with social reform, and indulged in collecting and researching rubbings, editing Xie Cheng's "Book of the Later Han" and "Ji Kang Collection".

Later, under the influence of Qian Xuantong, she rejoined the New Culture Movement, and concurrently served as a professor at Beijing Women's Higher Normal School and a part-time lecturer at Peking University.

(Note: Lu Xun was a part-time lecturer at Peking University at that time, and he was not an employee of Peking University.) Because President Cai Yuanpei made a rule at that time, he had to resign from his original position when he went to Peking University, and Lu Xun was serving as a servant in the Ministry of Education at that time. Here is often mistaken by people who write the history of Peking University, and they stubbornly regard Lu Xun as a worker of Peking University. ）

In 1918, 37-year-old Zhou Shuren used the pen name "Lu Xun" for the first time to publish the first short vernacular novel in the history of modern Chinese literature, "Diary of a Madman", in the history of modern Chinese literature.

In 1921, he also vividly portrayed the image of Ah Q and published the novella "The True Story of Ah Q".

In 1924, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Qian Xuantong, Lin Yutang and others founded the weekly "Yuxi".

In 1924, the Nobel Prize in Literature and the great Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore visited the Forbidden City, and Beijing arranged for Lu Xun to meet with Tagore and take a group photo. At that time, the evaluation of Tagore's visit to China in the Chinese literary circle tended to be polarized, and Lu Xun commented that his visit to China was "made a bottle of perfume".

Lu Xun has been a civil servant of the government of the Republic of China for a total of 14 years, with the rank of recommendation, the organ is the Ministry of Education, the unit is the Department of Social Education (the director is Xia Zengyou), and he has served as the head of the first section and the servant (the senior staff of the auxiliary director).

Major achievements include: serving as the representative of the Ministry of Education of the Chinese Unification Association, coordinating the development of the phonetic alphabet (jointly proposed and wrote the copy with Ma Yuzao, Zhu Xizu, Xu Shouxiang and Qian Daosun "unified pronunciation, but improved the reverse cut, so the stick Chinese characters with double rhyme are the most applicable"). (To be continued......)