As Zeng Zi said in "University", everything has a beginning and an end, and everything in the world must have a starting point.

Why is it said that a book can be summarized into one word at the end of reading, the reason is actually very simple, this simple word is actually the reason why the author started to write the book, and it can also be said to be before the pen...... , that thought!

If you understand the author's idea at that time, why he had to write a book, then, of course, he can understand the whole book, all of them.

Why did Zeng Zi write "University", it can be said with certainty that he did not write seriously because he wanted to tell readers clearly what the concept of a university is!

Therefore, there is no understanding of what a university is at all...... Use.

Zeng Zi's thought before he started writing is the only useful thing, and after some thought, he realized that he would gain something, but just listening to someone give an answer, and he didn't think independently at all, it was useless.

It's not that there is no answer, but even if this answer is given, it is useless at all!

So...... It can't be said that it is precisely a kind of compassion.

You can't say what that idea is, and if you say it, it's not good for others, so you can't say it, but you can still talk about what it means to be in college.

If you don't even understand what college is, you can't talk about it.

University is a great learning, its meaning is so simple, because Zeng Zi is a disciple of Confucianism, so this great learning, of course, refers to Confucian learning.

"University" is an introductory classic of Confucianism, which was originally an article in the book "Book of Rites" compiled by Dai Sheng, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty.

Therefore, it is absolutely uncertain whether "The University" was written by Zeng Zi, and it is also uncertain whether the entire "University" has been lost.

However, there are also three things that can be determined: first, the university must have been written by Confucian disciples, because the main content of the whole article is all Confucian learning; second, the university is the introductory classic of Confucianism, because the article is placed there, and the content in it does not involve any advanced knowledge at all; third, even if the original text of the university is lost, it is absolutely not much missing, because the overall structure of the whole article is very complete, and the author has already explained all the issues that should be explained.

Well, since the author has already talked about everything, but throughout the whole article of "University", why doesn't the author talk about it, what exactly is "personality" and "flat world"?

Maybe the original text is missing, or maybe it's ...... , it was intentional by the author!

Zeng Zi was a figure in the late Spring and Autumn Period, so there is an important concept that must be understood.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was divided into hundreds of countries, not one, not ten, but hundreds!

This is a very scary number, and it is also a number that a modern person takes out a modern map, and if it is carefully divided on the map, it will definitely make his scalp tingle in the end.

Therefore, the concept of "Tianxia" in the pre-Qin era is completely different from the concept of "Tianxia" in modern times.

"Global integration" is the concept of modern Tianxia, but if you take this concept, travel back to 2,000 years ago, and then tell those people in the Spring and Autumn Period how narrow they are and how narrow the concept of the world is.

Well, the really ridiculous person is obviously the stupid young man who crossed over.

Zhao Pu, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, once said something very famous, to the effect that he used half of the knowledge in the "Analects" to help Song Taizu to set the world, so he could also use half of the "Analects" to help Song Taizong govern the world.

Therefore, the concept of the world in Zhao Pu's mind is, of course, clear at a glance, it is just the territory of the entire Northern Song Dynasty.

His concept of the world is obviously much smaller than that of modern people, but for those people in the Spring and Autumn Period, Prime Minister Zhao Pu's concept of the world is already super big.

If you compare the territory of the Zhou Dynasty with the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, which is already larger than the Spring and Autumn Kingdoms combined, is only 1.5 million square kilometers, and the Northern Song Dynasty has a territory of 2.8 million square kilometers.

Therefore, the concept of the world in the Spring and Autumn Period was actually very small, and the concept of the country was of course even smaller.

After understanding this, and then looking at what Confucianism said about governing the country and leveling the world, we can naturally understand how honest those Confucian scholars are.

For them, in fact, the world is not big, and the country is also very small, if they are serious and conscientious to govern, how can they not be well governed?

Taking Lu as an example, it is only more than 30,000 square kilometers, which is only equivalent to four ordinary cities in modern times.

Therefore, Confucian scholars are actually very confident in whether they can govern their country well.

Therefore, honest Confucian scholars, of course, have described in detail what they are very sure of.

As for the leveling of the world, all the countries of the same era were leveled, for which Confucian scholars ...... , can't tell!

There are really too many countries in the world, and whether Lu can handle all the other countries with the power of one country alone is simply unknown to all Confucian scholars.

After all, there is no peace in the world, whether the whole world can be completely pacified by relying on Confucian political ideas, this cannot be said at all, because there is no basis for it!

Therefore, in the article "University", it is honest, but only superficial, the concept of governing the country does not explain what is going on in the world.

That's it, but only a little elaboration on governing the country, and it doesn't go to a deeper level at all.

Zhao Pu said that half of the treatise rules the world, and it can be said with certainty that this is at all, and he didn't tell the truth to Song Taizong at all!

If it is so simple to govern the world, then wouldn't the thousands of Confucian disciples in later generations all be politicians?

Zhao Pu's half of the treatise on ruling the world is just an exaggeration, and his real knowledge is definitely not just Confucianism.

Well, if that's the case, don't you mean Confucianism...... , and there is no way to level the world?

Yes, before the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, it was 100%!

The reason why I dare to say this is that after the Qin Dynasty pacified the world, there was a great discussion about whether to govern the country with the ideas of Legalists or Confucianism.

That's right, the First Emperor was not an emperor who did not respect Confucianism, and he also carefully considered the Confucian political doctrine that could already come up with the way to level the world after pacifying the world!

In the end, the discussion came and went, but the first emperor was still conservative, thinking that the Qin State rose with Legalism, so it was of course safer to continue to use Legalism to govern the world, so the Qin Dynasty was extremely sad...... , chose Legalism.

Whether to choose a Legalist or not, history has already proven, and when the choice was decided, the entire Qin Dynasty's upper and lower monarchs and ministers all forgot a very important thing, that is, Han Fei, the founder of Legalism, his teacher...... , but it is the leading figure of Confucianism - Xunzi!

From the beginning of the divided Spring and Autumn Period to the emergence of the Qin Dynasty, which truly pacified the world, the Confucian way of leveling the world has definitely been developing and changing.

Therefore, at the end of the Warring States Period, Confucianism came out with a Xunzi who now seems to be absolutely super outlierable, and then it was ...... , there is another traitor of Erwuzai - Han Fei!

However, is Xunzi's theory of sexual nature and evil really contrary to the traditional Confucian theory of sexual goodness?

And Han Fei, the founder of Legalism, is really ...... , betrayed Confucianism?

The overlord burned Xianyang, therefore, after the establishment of the Qin Dynasty and the real unification, what kind of way did Confucianism take to level the world, and how closely related this ultimate version of the way of leveling the world is with the so-called Legalism.

It's a pity that it can no longer be seen now, but Liu Bang, the super king of Niu Bi, after the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, is extremely smart...... , again chose Confucianism.

In fact, the true way of leveling the world, the sage has already explained, but it is just ...... It's really hard to understand.

And the high-level secret book of Confucianism that contains the way of leveling the world is precisely the good son of the same Qilu land, the second master of Guan who is a generation of martial saints, and the treasure book that can hardly be released - "Spring and Autumn"