Tang Taizong once said a sentence, sincerity is very good, from this sentence, it is not difficult to know how high Taizong's political level is.

The husband takes the copper as a mirror, you can be dressed properly, take history as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall, take people as a reference, you can know the gains and losses, I taste the treasure of these three mirrors, use to prevent my own mistakes, now Wei Zheng died, I lost a lesson!

This is Taizong's evaluation of Wei Zheng, but the most important sentence is just "Take history as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall." That's it.

The reason why I say this is clear at a glance, it doesn't really matter if you are dressed properly in the mirror, if there is a sudden extreme emergency, but you just dress up in the mirror for a long time, and miss the best time to act in vain, it is obviously stupid.

And "taking people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses", this sentence is just a general statement, and does not talk deeply about how to understand the gains and losses, so it is important and important, but it is still not thorough enough.

Therefore, using history as a reference, we can know the rise and fall of dynasties and alternations, although we also do not say how to know, but the gains and losses of individuals are obviously not the rise and fall of dynasties, and they appear big in concept, so this sentence is the most important.

So, taking history as a mirror, can we know the rise and fall, and how to know the rise and fall?

If you want to answer this question, you must bring out a super boss, and only this absolute super authority of historiography can explain this problem thoroughly, and this person is, of course, Taishi Gong - Sima Qian!

At the end of the "Historical Records", there is an article "Taishi Gong's Self-Introduction", which not only explains Sima Qian's own mental process of writing the book clearly, but also answers the very important question of why it is said that by taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall.

Therefore, if you really want to study the "Historical Records", it is best to read the last two articles first, after the preface of Taishi Gong and the biography of the goods colony, and then start from the first article of the Five Emperors.

Taishi Gong's preface is relatively long, so he can only take out a short paragraph of text in a summary and talk a little about the problem of Zhixingti.

"Spring and Autumn", the way of the three kings of the Ming Dynasty, the discipline of distinguishing personnel, don't be suspicious, know right and wrong, hesitate, good and evil, virtuous and cheap, survive the country, follow the peerless, make up for the abolition, and the great one of the royal road is also!

This is Tai Shi Gong's self-preface, for the review of the book "Spring and Autumn", from this Tai Shi Gong's comment, you can also answer a little, why it is said that taking history as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall.

"Spring and Autumn", not only explains the political way of the three kings Xia Yu, Shang Tang and King Wen, but also distinguishes the truth of the change of people's hearts, it can eliminate doubts, can distinguish right from wrong, can make the hesitation become firm, it also promotes good, suppresses evil, and scolds all those things that are not like words, it records the history of the defeated country, and also tells the changes of the ruined family, and supplements in detail the process of decay, rise, and destruction...... , the university asked!

Why can we know the rise and fall by taking history as a mirror, through this seemingly exaggerated evaluation, we can probably understand one or two.

The reason why it seems a bit exaggerated is that the history book "Spring and Autumn" is ...... , there really is...... , is it so?

It's a pity that this question is difficult to answer after the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and when the wheel of history enters the modern era, alas...... , no one can answer!

No one can do it, who dares to say that he has integrated "Spring and Autumn", then, this 100% is a lie that is too arrogant!

Why do you say that, the reason is very simple, the original version of the book "Spring and Autumn" made by the sage that has been handed down now is simply a fragmentary version of what has been pieced together, and how much has been lost in it is already an unsolved mystery.

Therefore, the original text is no longer visible, how can we understand the true meaning of "Spring and Autumn"?

There are many historians who have made a good supplement to "Spring and Autumn", and have also created a good masterpiece, but everyone's thoughts are different, even if they add to the idea before they start writing, these historians are definitely different from the saints!

Therefore, if you say that you have studied "Spring and Autumn", there is no problem at all, but if you dare to say that you have integrated "Spring and Autumn", then ...... , pure bragging.

The overlord set fire to Xianyang, and summarized a set of theories, plans, measures, and steps that Confucianism had summarized over hundreds of years after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period...... , and so on, almost all of them have been burned, but the book "Spring and Autumn" is a history book, at least on the surface, it seems like this, it is a compulsory lesson for Confucian protégés, so, at least before the fall of the Western Han Dynasty, and even before the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the original "Spring and Autumn" should not have been lost.

The reason why it is said that before the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty is that the second master of Wusheng Guan himself is a person who has been studying "Spring and Autumn".

If the second master is holding a mutilated version in his hand, then ...... , I'm afraid he doesn't have such a lot of energy, and he can't release the scroll every day, right?

In the era of Tai Shi Gong, there was definitely an original existence, otherwise, how could Tai Shi Gong, a very serious, cautious, and delicate historian, not hesitate to write and ink the "Spring and Autumn" made by the sage...... What about boasting to heaven?

After the Han Dynasty, it is difficult to say how the original "Spring and Autumn" was disbanded and when it was dispersed.

However, it is certain that in the Northern Song Dynasty, the original "Spring and Autumn" was already incomplete!

The reason is very simple, a generation of demons in the Northern Song Dynasty, known as the male minister of Confucianism - Wang Anshi, once commented on "Spring and Autumn"...... , broken rotten newspaper.

Whether this comment was said by Wang Anshi has always been controversial, some people say that it is what he said, and the history of the Northern Song Dynasty also clearly recorded Wang Anshi's evaluation, but some people at that time also said that Wang Anshi did not say this at all, it was just a rumor spread by others.

Modern scholars have read all of Wang Anshi's works, but they have not found a single sentence in which Wang Anshi belittles "Spring and Autumn", on the contrary, Wang Anshi often quotes the escape in "Spring and Autumn".

Therefore, this matter is really weird, it's hard to say whether Wang Anshi has commented on "Spring and Autumn" in his life.

However, there are two things that can be identified, first, in the Northern Song Dynasty, the original "Spring and Autumn" has already been dispersed, otherwise, there would be no such evaluation as a broken and rotten dynasty newspaper, and second, even if Wang Anshi really said that the book "Spring and Autumn" is a broken and rotten dynasty newspaper, it will not be shaken at all...... , Wang Anshi's status in Confucianism, and his ...... , the title of the cow beep of the Confucian!

There is nothing wrong with the evaluation of the Broken Rotten Dynasty Newspaper, in fact, there is nothing wrong with it, "Spring and Autumn" was originally a book that recorded a bunch of ancient chapter documents in a mess.

If it is asserted that Wang Anshi is not Confucian just because of such an evaluation, then it is really a big mistake.

Let's put it this way, looking at the history of two thousand years, it can be regarded as a famous minister through the ages, and the bull beep figure of the Confucian family can be counted with a finger, but there are so few virtuous ministers, Wang Anshi is that ...... , one of the top few!

A very powerful person, really very powerful, after really understanding Wang Anshi, you can understand the politics of Confucianism, that is, the way of leveling the world, what it is like.

If you understand what Wang Anshi has done in his life, and why he has to do it, you can almost understand that a true Confucian disciple ...... , how to dominate the world.