It is okay to write a patent application casually, but if you want to prevent waves of infringement, you must write it very carefully, and you must have a lawyer to guide you to write it.

People who engage in scientific research may be good at their own scientific research fields, but they are indispensable to apply for patents for their scientific research results, but they are indispensable with the assistance of professional patent attorneys.

This is especially true in the pharmaceutical industry, as far as Yang Rui's experience in graduate school is concerned, most of the pharmaceutical companies that invite school professors to guide are to add a useless side chain to the formed compound, such as amoxicillin.

If you want to describe it, this is equivalent to each manufacturer grafting different notes on the same tree, and then selling the grafted tree species.

It is the trunk that works, not the grafted trunk, but the patent attorney cannot prove this, and the patent for the trunk is meaningless.

Of course, grafting, or adding sidechains, does not mean that it can be increased by addition. It's easy to add a side chain to a compound, but it's not easy to get the side chain to not work. Generally speaking, compounds with added side chains will have beneficial or harmful results, and most of them are harmful. If you get a beneficial result, then it is naturally best, if you get a harmful result, such as reducing the potency and increasing the side effects, then it depends on whether it exceeds the standard.

To avoid this, it is necessary to write an extremely specialized patent application, and it is often necessary for the patent attorney to argue for it.

In addition, there are more than 200 different pharmaceutical laws in more than 200 countries around the world. Foreign countries are not one country, Europe and the United States are not one country, and even the laws of the United States are not one, and if you want to apply for a patent in the federal United States, you will inevitably have to do different legal work in different states.

These cost money, and they come at a high price.

Lawyers' fees have always been how expensive they are.

Why were Chinese companies in the 80s or 90s reluctant to apply for patents? Because it was not cost-effective, and the lawyers could not afford to pay for the airfare.

In fact, even the world's largest pharmaceutical companies cannot apply for patents in more than 200 countries around the world at the same time, and they still have a focus.

For example, China was outside the patent circle until it joined the TO, and even large pharmaceutical companies did not expect to get patent fees from China.

Because China's laws are complicated, large pharmaceutical companies cannot find suitable agents, and it is difficult to win lawsuits if they find suitable agents, and it is difficult to enforce them if they win lawsuits.

Some people may say that this state seems to be very good, and generic drugs can greatly reduce people's medical costs, save patent fees for foreigners, and invest in more people's livelihood work.

However, the reality has always been to reward attendance and punish laziness. Not to mention the economic and sociological aspects, as far as the drugs themselves are concerned, they will not last long without paying royalties.

After the Human Genome Project, pharmaceutical companies around the world have begun to pay attention to genomics, and in less than ten or twenty years, gene-specific drugs will appear, and the side effect may be that the genes for the human body are different, and there will be different solutions.

In fact, post-World War II studies have found that some drugs have different effects on different populations of people, not only because of their efficacy, but also because of their side effects.

For example, allopurinol, which existed in the 80s, has a very high probability of side effects to yellow people, with a wide variety of side effects and a lethal rate, but it will not have fatal side effects for white and black people, and the probability of allergies is also low. Therefore, if overseas Chinese use this drug, they must do a genetic screening to see if there are lethal genes, because genetic screening costs hundreds of yuan, and Chinese people naturally don't do it, and hospitals are too lazy to do it, and if you don't die, it's up to luck, anyway, the odds are similar to winning the lottery, and if you're lucky, you can come to first aid......

Modern drugs often take ten or twenty years to put on the market, and if Chinese are always outside the patent circle, foreign pharmaceutical companies that rely on patents will not make drugs for Chinese for free. If Chinese pharmaceutical companies work hard, they may be able to make several drugs for Chinese, but there are thousands of diseases on the earth, the same disease, foreigners take medicine, Chinese can only have tears in their families, how to think is uncomfortable.

For Yang Rui, the benefits of PCR must also be reflected through patents.

In order to firmly grasp the patent rights of PCR, Yang Rui also spared no expense, Li Zhangzhen found a lawyer not only has a beautiful resume, a remarkable career, and a remarkable fee, starting to calculate the money from stepping on the plane, the fee of 300 US dollars per hour means that Yang Rui will cost thousands of dollars just to Beijing, and the whole case will take at least 50,000 US dollars in a week.

$50,000 in '84 is the salary of an ordinary professor in the United States. And that's just the time to collect evidence, and subsequent patent applications can take months or even years, as well as costs.

Therefore, patents are the patents of the wealthy, and they are the embodiment of the Matthew effect. However, among the various ways to protect one's rights, patent legislation is the cheapest and simplest.

While waiting for the lawyer to handle the immigration matters, Yang Rui made persistent efforts and continued the experiment.

If it is a Chinese-style biography, perhaps the gel is made into strips is completed, however, the real laboratory has always only paid attention to real evidence.

I don't know how many fools who do half of the research, show the most precious inspiration and don't do it, and then be robbed of the research results.

Yang Rui first filmed the whole process with the video recorder, and then did the original experiment again, and fortunately got the same result.

By the way, thousands of dollars were spent on videotape money.

The money spent like flowing water, and Huang Mao's eyelids jumped when he saw it.

As the deputy director of the laboratory, Huang Mao felt that he had the responsibility to persuade Yang Rui, and most importantly, he, Tu Xian and Wang Xiaoyun resigned and came to Sinovel Laboratory, not only because of the high salary, but also because they hoped to make a career in this era of reform.

If Sinovel Labs closes down because of Yang Rui's misdeeds, it will be rootless in terms of career and high salary.

However, persuasion should also be methodical.

Huang Mao first studied Yang Rui's work and carefully understood the content of his work, and then, before Yang Rui started a new round of experiments and shooting, Huang Mao pulled Yang Rui and said, "I want to put forward an opinion." ”

"You say. Yang Rui is currently in a state of not hearing anything outside the window, and his spirit is also highly concentrated.

Huang Mao understands this state, so Huang Mao also said from the research aspect: "I don't think you need to shoot now, because your experiment is not complete." You don't have a control group, I think the camera should at least wait until there is a control group, and it's best to wait until the control group has been made, and then take it when the experiment is repeated, don't you say?"

Controls and multiple experiments are an essential part of modern scientific research, without which conventional scientific evaluations would not have passed.

Yang Rui said preparedly: "I know that before, the first work I had to do was to prove that amplification was feasible, and now I have proved it, and then I will complete the experiments, including the control group, which is also my main work in the next stage, in order to save time, I still want to do it while shooting." ”

So far, Yang Rui has still not been able to prove the success of PCR in an academic sense.

PCR replicates DNA, and DNA can be seen under the microscope, but to prove that PCR replicates the desired DNA, which is the key, a series of physical and chemical tests are required.

In other words, Yang Rui knows that he has done it, and he has to prove that he has done it before he can be recognized by the academic community.

If it is a religion, then it is the time for "believing in the spirit and not believing in the spirit", science does not have this kind of problem, and there are certain rules for evaluating the reality and operability of a method.

Most of the instruments and resources that Yang Rui had prepared in the previous months were prepared for the purpose of proof.

Huang Mao was distressed when he looked at these instruments and resources, and reluctantly smiled: "Didn't you publish a paper after doing experiments before, and then let your peers check and fill in the gaps for you? ”

"I may still like this method in the future, but this experiment is not good, I have to do all the control experiments by myself, and there are other experiments that should be done. Yang Rui is not prepared to give away any credit, even if it does not affect his honor.

Huang Mao's face was full of sorrow: "All the controlled experiments?

"About 30 of them. Yang Rui sighed, this workload is really not small.

Huang Mao was already dumbfounded: "You are so optimistic about this project?"

"Very optimistic, if you think about it, he can use dozens of hours to expand a piece of DNA to billions, which is too much use. ”

When it comes to academic discussions, Huang Mao has always said, "Is it necessary for us to produce so much DNA? Or is it the same DNA?"

"Of course it is necessary, this is the process of quantitative change causing qualitative change, which is very important. Yang Rui immediately began to talk about the important role of PCR: "PCR can simplify the cloning step, can eliminate the reaction background, enhance the hybridization signal, synthesize a large amount of DNA, and make it easier to process samples in the laboratory, we can easily make copies of experimental samples, and the results of the copies are feasible." ”

"The results of the copy are feasible, but we can't say for sure yet. Huang Mao was not biased because Yang Rui was the boss, and said seriously: "It's true that the DNA in the gel is amplified, but it's not impurities, it's hard to say." ”

Any paper can write thousands of words, but by the time the Foundation approves it, thousands of projects are still abandoned.

Huang Mao did not continue to talk about the experiment itself, but persuaded from a different angle: "The current hot spot of biotechnology is anti-cancer drugs. If you look at the medicine valley in the United States, those who can get funding, those who want venture capital, are all making anti-cancer drugs, although we don't say that we have to follow the trend to do this, but there is really no need to invest too much money in this project. ”

The last sentence is the main purpose of Huang Mao's talk.

The resources of Sinovel Labs are limited, and the resources that Yang Rui has poured into the PCR project have already affected other projects.

Yang Rui refused without even thinking about it, jokingly, the goal of Sinovel Labs was PCR at the beginning of its establishment, and if necessary, he would pour all his resources into PCR projects.

However, Yang Rui still thought about it for a while and explained carefully.

Making results is the first step, and proving results is the second step.

With the help of these calves, Yang Rui had to start the first persuasive education in his life: On how good my project is!

Li Wenqiang, Zhang Xuetong, Tu Xian and others all gathered around. They are now all working for scientific research apes, and the biggest difference with scientific research dogs is that they are allowed to have free will and free thought, after all, they belong to primates, if the physical work in the laboratory belongs to scientific research dogs, then mental work is scientific research apes.

And to get people who use their brains to work hard, you have to make them understand and agree with you.

This is a problem that every lab manager faces and solves – seeking understanding and approval.

Edison needed to explain why he changed the filament instead of the lamphead, Oppenheimer needed to explain why he chose the implosion type instead of the gun type, and the Apollo moon landing program needed to solve the dilemma of choosing a space shuttle or a spacecraft.

In addition to explaining to his subordinates, explaining and selling himself to investors and bosses is also the main job of the laboratory leader.

Yang Rui's previous academic experience didn't help much, but when he was in cram school, he explained to students' parents every day and exercised his persuasive skills.

Yang Rui simply regarded a few people as parents of students and began to promote his own projects and programs.

Li Wenqiang and the others have not even experienced door-to-door sales, where is Yang Rui's opponent, and they nodded unconsciously after listening to it for a while.

……

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