"But the existence of air can be proved through experiments." ”

Confucius said: "Benevolence and righteousness are the same." Some people are benevolent and righteous, but animals do not have benevolence, so it can be proved that benevolence and righteousness are unique to humans, but animals do not. ”

"But you can't prove that he has it?" It may be just a blank piece of paper, which is affected by the external environment, such as silk dyeing, dyeing yellow is yellow, and dyeing black is black. You can only prove that it may or may not have. ”

Confucius said: "Then how do you prove that it doesn't?" ”

"Whoever claims, who proves." It's you who say yes, I say maybe not, and that's not human nature. I think that human nature may not have a sense of righteousness, and that is caused by external circumstances, which can also explain the example you said. I can give you a counter-example to prove that you're not necessarily right, but you can't prove yourself right. ”

"Benevolence may or may not be, you can't prove that there must be benevolence and righteousness in the inherent attributes of human beings, but I can prove that there must be a nature in human nature that wants to live, and eating is proof."

"Since benevolence may or may not be benevolent, it cannot be said with certainty that benevolence and righteousness are human nature."

Confucian laughed and said, "So is it human nature to live and have needs?" Horses have to eat grass, and they also have needs to survive, so are horses human? ”

The confessor patted his forehead and said, "I have just said that eating is not the whole of dog nature, eating is part of dog nature." Dogs must eat, but it is not necessarily dogs that eat. People must eat, and it is not necessarily people who eat. This question has been repeated ten times, why don't you understand it yet? ”

Confucianism said, "Since you talk about human nature, your Mohists can't define that the set of all the points of the same length on the plane is a circle, but you can say what human nature is?" How can one define a man and not a beast? ”

"You say eat, then the beast also eats, so the beast is a human?"

"As I said, eating is only an outward manifestation of human nature, not the essence of human nature. Just like the sun's rays, you should also know that the prism spectroscopy experiment done by Sishang shows that the sunlight is not the same as the essence in the naked eye. ”

Confucian said, "Even if you are right, eating is one of the outward manifestations of human nature, then what is a human being?" ”

"If you want to make it clear what a person is, you need to first figure out what a person is." For example, if you and I are talking here, I can call myself myself, you can call myself me, I can call you Gaozi, you can also call Gaozi, they can all call Gaozi, and after taking away the name Gaozi, who am I? ”

Confucian was puzzled and said, "This question is meaningless. You are who you are. ”

The confessor asked, "Why am I me?" And I'm no one else? In other words, you take your name away, so what's the difference between you and someone else? ”

The Confucian clapped his hands and laughed, "The Mo family has no father, that's why they asked such a strange question." I was born to my parents, so that's what separates me from others. ”

Gaozi immediately asked, "Your brother was also born to your parents, so are you your brother?" ”

Confucius said, "It's ridiculous, I don't need you to tell me who I am." ”

Then the confessor asked, "Then how do you know who you are?" ”

Confucius thought this question was really ridiculous, and the confession said, "Why are you you?" Why am I? ”

"The root of it lies in the sum of all my relationships in the world. including some predestined and unchangeable; It also includes those who can change by their own choices. ”

"What cannot be changed, I am the son of my parents, I am the grandson of my grandfather, I am the brother of my brother, I am the brother of my brother, I am the beloved of my wife......"

"Those who can be changed, I used to be a land-owning scholar in my family, I used to be the master of my hired servant cultivators, I am the ink man, I am the member of the Central Committee of the Mo people, I am the laborer in charge of some affairs in Si on the salary of the Si Shang tax......

"The sum of all these relationships is me. You are the same, he is the same, everyone is the same, which makes everyone in the world, that is, everyone, and everyone cannot exist without others and exist in the present self, without my parents there is no me; Without the people who paid the taxes, there would be no me who is here to debate with you; Without the helpers who gave me the help, there would be no me who could be literate...... All these relationships have made me who I am now, and the same relationships that have made you who you are now. ”

"That's why you are you and why I am me. And in this way, it is definitely good. ”

Confucianism heard these words a little twisted, but the disciples of the Taoist school below who had been pursuing "wholeness", "true self", and "return to the basics" suddenly brightened up, and they easily understood the meaning of the confession.

Because they are different from Confucianism, they have been pursuing such things as "what is me", "what is man", "the essence of man", and "man and nature" all their lives.

The words of the confessor were instantly understood by them, and they also instantly understood why they were themselves and not others.

Confucian scholars were puzzled, "This ...... It's not about human nature. Just say something like you are you, and I am me. Besides, what you just said is that human needs are human nature, and what does human needs have to do with the sum of all these relationships? ”

Gaozi smiled, "I just said about physical people, so as to distinguish everyone. Everyone is everyone, and everyone has inseparable relationships with everyone else, so everyone is everyone, and everyone knows that they are themselves. This is the body of the human being. You should know the Mohist theory of concomitancy, right? The point is the body, and the line segment is both; I am the body, and the people of the world are both. People are their own bodies, people are the world, and people are both. ”

"Now I'm going to talk about Kaneto."

"People have needs, and they know that they have needs, and in order to meet their own needs, they take the initiative to transform themselves and nature, and use the laws of the way of heaven and earth to meet their needs, which is human nature."

"Therefore there is no good or evil in human nature."

"My parents have sexual needs, they have reproductive needs, so they married me, and that's why I have a relationship that I am the son of my parents."

"Those feudal lords allocated land to my ancestors for more power and rule, and it was only in my parents' generation that they hired mercenary cultivators to work for the needs of not being tired, for better food and better clothing, and only then did I have the relationship that I am the master of those mercenary cultivators."

"I needed to be literate, so I learned to write."

"I realized that the world was in chaos and needed to benefit the world, so I devoted myself to the Mo family for the benefit of the world......"

"All these relationships are precisely because I have needs, and I know that I have needs, and in order to meet my needs, I take the initiative to transform myself and nature, and use the laws of the way of heaven and earth to meet my needs."

"That's human nature."

"That's why my Mojia says, righteousness, that is, profit. To meet the needs is to benefit. ”

"Therefore, different people have different benefits, if the satisfaction of needs is seen as adult nature, if the specific performance of meeting needs is seen as the performance of adult nature, then the performance of human nature has been changing."

"The princes and nobles worked hard to be silverfish and maintain their own extravagant lives, so their righteousness was to hope that the peasants of the world would be bound to the land to do things for them."

"In order to gain more land, the feudal lord launched wars and riots, which is also for profit."

"Artisans want to be able to support themselves, to be able to stop going to war, to be able to stop paying so many taxes, and that's also for profit."

"Farmers want to have their own land, so that there will be no more wars, and they will no longer have so many taxes, but also for their own interests and needs."

"All these things, that's why we want to benefit from the day, because people are the sum of all relationships, so the righteousness of the day and the benefits of the day must be weighed and traded, so that the vast majority of people can get benefits."

Gaozi suddenly raised his voice, impassioned.

"If our Mo family wants to benefit the world, then how can it be regarded as a great benefit to the world?"

"The trip to the avenue is also, the world is for the public, and Kyushu is one! Selecting talents and abilities, stressing faith and harmony, so that people do not only kiss their relatives, do not only have sons and sons, so that the old have the end, the strong have usefulness, the young have growth, and the widows, widows, loneliness, and the sick are all supported; If you abandon the evil to the ground, you don't have to hide it in yourself, and you don't have to do it for yourself, so that people can get their own strengths, divide their duties, and do what they like, which is called the paradise of Datong. ”

The surrounding crowd immediately erupted in bursts of enthusiastic drumming.

"The world is in harmony" is such a saying when the curtain is about to come to an end at the end of the Qin Dynasty.

And the concept of the great harmony of the world, it is obvious that there are strong traces of Mojia and Taoism in it, and the traces are very thick, so thick that there are too many traces of "birds and beasts without fathers and loves".

Mencius was not a true fundamentalist Confucian, nor was Xunzi, nor was Confucianism, who later incorporated many ideas such as Mo Daonon.

The development of Mohist and Yang Zhu gave birth to the self-innovation of Confucianism, filled the loopholes, and created Mencius; At the end of the Warring States period, all countries centralized power, conformed to the times, and Xunzi stood out.

By the end of the Qin Dynasty, when "self-denial and revenge" was no longer possible, the Confucian scholars needed a new "distant ideal", so they fused the ideas of Taoism and Mo to create "the great harmony of the world".

Look backwards at self-denial and retribution, and look forward at the great harmony of the world.

Just like the catfish effect, in the original history, Yang Zhu, Mohist, Taoist, and Huang Lao gave birth to the self-transformation of Confucianism, but finally returned to Confucianism, which "preserves heavenly principles and destroys human desires".

Among the hundreds of schools, the doctrines of each school developed to the end, and they were all inclusive and absorbed by themselves.

But the key lies in the kernel.

The kernel is conservative, and eventually everything that is absorbed will be assimilated.

The core of Confucianism, which can never be bypassed, is the relationship between all kinds of evils and benevolence and righteousness in the early days of the capitalist era.

The primitive accumulation of capitalism characterized by morality, etiquette, and law...... Maybe there is, but Shi Shi felt that his level was not enough to build a complete Neo-Confucian system in line with the era of primitive accumulation of capital, so he simply changed the core.

Taoism talks about the unkind way of heaven and earth, which can be said to be an irresistible law of nature.

The Mohists talk about weighing the big and small benefits, which can be said to be the small benevolence and righteousness in front of the big profits in the long run.

Now that there are still more than 150 years before the concept of "the great harmony of the world" appeared in history, the Mohists finally shouted out this tempting distant ideal in advance under the appropriate correction.

The world is to the public. Kyushu is one. Everybody loves. For the benefit of the world. To each his best. All things are pleased. It is for Datong.

This revised concept of Datong has a heavier taste of the Mohists, especially the content of "everyone does their best, everyone loves both, everyone is engaged in the work they like out of interest, everyone is for me and I am for everyone", which is a summary of the reality and future of the Mohists in Sishang in recent years.

And the phrase "what you like" is a reinforcement of the concept of human nature just now, and now the Mohists still bear the infamy of "fatherless beasts", and those who have the idea of love and love are the Datong recognized by Confucianism two hundred years later, but they are the "beasts" that Confucianism opposes now.

When the Confucian heard this, it was as if a rat had fallen into the boiling water, and screamed, "Fart!" Fart! Fart, stink, cause trouble in the world, deserve punishment! ”

"If satisfying people's needs is human nature, isn't the world going to be in chaos?"

"When a farmer seeks profit, he must be disobedient, and he wants to cultivate his own land, and no longer go to the public fields to work; If the feudal monarch who has a hundred miles of fiefdom seeks profit, he will find a way to make trouble and have a fief of thousands of miles; If a feudal monarch with a fief of thousands of miles seeks profit, he will find a way to make trouble and have a fief of one country. ”

"The people's desire for profit is the root cause of the chaos in the world. You Mohists actually say that seeking profit is righteousness, seeking profit is human nature, and you must follow human nature, what are you doing if you don't want to make the world chaotic? ”

"If human nature is like this, and what do you encourage to liberate human nature, then isn't it that everyone fights, the world is chaotic, and blood flows and pestles......"

The confessor retorted, "Your words are simply ridiculous. ”

"Before Shennong's family, no one in the world could farm, and Shennong's family participated in Tianzhi to domesticate grains and teach people to plant, so as to meet people's needs for food."

"Before there was the Chao clan, there were no houses in the world, people were cold, and there were Chao clans to comprehend the heavenly will, in order to avoid the rain and the needs of wild beasts, so that the world had houses."

"Before the Suiren clan, the world did not know how to use fire, people drank blood, and the Suiren clan comprehended the heavenly will, in order to make people eat better meat, so that the world has fire."

"As for now, because the people need irrigation, they dig the river, so there is a gunpowder blasting method, which saves manpower."

"Because the mine needs to pump water, the machinery factory has made coal-burning machinery to meet this demand, so as to meet the demand."

"People's satisfaction of needs, and the continuous improvement and change of needs, is the root of the progress of the world, which is the reason for human nature."

"Good and evil are what people distinguish between good and evil, and then judge them according to their deeds. I work hard to be fed, I work hard, I cultivate my land, I harvest food, I want to satisfy my humanity, am I wrong? ”

"I went to steal other people's belongings in order to eat, and of course I was at fault. But can you say that human nature is wrong? ”

The Confucian scholar scolded, "If demand is human nature, then the world will be in chaos." So the need cannot be human! ”

Gaozi laughed and said, "It's like the sun rising in the east and setting in the west, this is the Tao of nature, this is the unchangeable will of heaven." It's not that if you say it exists, it exists, and if you say it doesn't exist, it doesn't exist. ”

"Recognizing the existence of human nature and using it for the benefit of the world is what we should do."

"Don't you hear that in ancient times, Dayu controlled the water?"

"Yu's father, Kun, does not know the will of heaven, thus blocking the flow of water, leading to chaos in the world, people or fish and turtles, harming the world, this is precisely because Kun can not know the will of heaven."

"And Yu Sheng, he knows the way of heaven and knows that he leads the flow of water, so as to benefit the world."

"What, then, is the difference between human nature, which has no good or evil, and water itself, which flows downward? Don't escape and know human nature, that is, Dayu, you can use this unchangeable way between heaven and earth to benefit the world; To escape or even not know human nature at all, and even think that human nature is inherently good, that is, it will lead to great harm in the world! ”

"The sun is hot in summer and cold in winter, and there is no good or evil. But isn't it ridiculous that someone wears a padded jacket in the summer and is naked in the winter, and then curses the sun for being vicious? ”

Many of the Confucian scholars at the bottom had already begun to bow their heads in contemplation, and the Confucian on the stage was at a loss and did not know how to answer.

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