At this moment, a handsome Confucian scholar who was about thirty years old took the initiative to stand up, pushed away the Confucian student who was at a loss on the stage, and first saluted the confessor very gentlemanly.

This is the first time since the debate began.

The confessor hurriedly returned the salute, beaming in his heart, and said in his heart that he would not be afraid of any more people.

The Confucian scholar looked at the confession and said, "Just like gunpowder, it can be used to dig ditches and make guns. ”

"You and I both know that the debate about human nature is not about truth or falsehood, but about how to make the world stable."

"The reason why you think that human nature is like that, because your way of making the world stable requires that human nature be like this. It just so happens that it's true. ”

"And the reason why we think that human nature is like that, we may not really believe that it is like what we Confucian said, but it is just to make the world stable."

"Human nature is used to stabilize the world. Human nature is not for the search for truth. ”

"In order to stabilize the world, even if the inherent goodness of human nature is not the truth, what does it matter?"

"If it is true that all men are born equal, then it is false."

"However, within Sishang, the young people all believe that everyone should be equal, and they all believe that equality of all people is what you call an unchangeable destiny."

"Outside of Sishang, from Shang Tang to this time, there is a difference between the high and the low, and people have always believed that people should really be different from the high and the low."

"The two contradict each other, and if one is true, then one must be false."

"Does it have to be true to spread to the world? There is one truth and one falsehood, or all falsehood, but people inside and outside Sishang will believe that this is true or false, and for the common people, what they know is only what we have taught. ”

"Does it matter if it's true or not?"

"The important thing is to make the world stable, so that the world will no longer lead the beasts to eat people. Your Mohists pursue the so-called unchangeable will of heaven, have you ever thought that how many people in the world will die because of you? ”

In a word, Gaozi's eyes suddenly sharpened, and his originally triumphant expression immediately converged.

The helplessness in my heart just now and the mentality as if I was talking to a child were suddenly alert, and I was faintly excited.

Just two sentences, the other party already felt that the other party was powerful, completely different from those people just now.

But the Confucian scholars in the audience had already scolded: "Traitor! ”

"Get down!"

"You're not a Confucian at all!"

"Get out! Slut! ”

"What they say is false, there is a difference between the high and the low, this is the destiny of heaven. You actually say they could be true? You traitor! ”

"Shameless!"

In the face of abuse, the Confucian was unmoved.

The confession did not abuse in his heart, but faintly and absolutely the person opposite should not be underestimated.

The Confucian scholar stared at the confession and said, "Your heavenly will can be used to study all things in the world, but it cannot be used to study people. Because your will requires verification to determine the authenticity, but if the world is used to verify it, it will require countless deaths. ”

"So on the issue of human nature, even if you say the truth, it can't be known to the world."

"You and I both know that the master is not the one who pioneered Confucianism, the Zhou metric system, the master just systematized the entire Confucianism, just like your master will complete Mozi's theory of benefiting the world into a self-consistent cycle."

"Zhou Li, it's a sword. When the rites were broken, they were rotten. ”

"It's the Master, who systematized this sword and cast a mold, so that everyone in the world can cast this sword by themselves, know what it should look like, and know why it should be that way, and the world will have a way to cast the prosperous era of Zhou Li in the future."

"The world is in chaos, and millions of people are killed and injured at every turn, and the only thing the master can see is that before the etiquette collapses, the world is stable. Then, this proves that only when we can go back to the time when etiquette collapsed, the world will be settled. ”

"Why self-denial?"

"Because the Master knows human nature. However, everyone wants so much, the more they want the better, there are only so many things in the world, how can this satisfy everyone? ”

"That's why we must deny ourselves and repent, so that everyone's behavior, food, clothing, shelter and transportation are in line with the law of etiquette."

"The root cause is that there are so many grains and cloths that can be produced in the world, but people's desires are infinite, so it is necessary to stipulate rituals, self-denial, and hierarchy, so that the people of the world can live within the hierarchy of rituals, so that the world's goods can be distributed according to the hierarchy and have needs according to the hierarchy."

"This is what can make the world stable."

The Confucian scholars below shouted, "Get out!" ”

"That's not the case, Master!"

"You don't believe at all, why do you say that you are a Confucian student?"

"Self-denial, this is the Master's ambition, but it is not out of your mind. Get down! You are not a true Confucian student! ”

"What do you think of Master?"

"Get down!"

The scolding was overwhelming.

The Confucian scholar remained unmoved.

On the contrary, he was more excited and nervous in his heart, and sweat broke out faintly in his palms.

After arguing for a long time, there was no one who could argue, and the sue was quite disdainful.

The words of this Confucian student, or this Confucian who was called a "traitor", finally made the Confucian from the dullness of disdain excited.

According to Confucianism, benevolence and self-denial are not like this.

Rather, it stems from the fact that people should deny themselves, so they should deny themselves.

But this Confucian scholar said the origin of it, at least in the eyes of Confucius, this is the source, and in the eyes of Confucianism, this is the so-called origin of rebellion, which makes Confucius have to deal with the opposite Confucian student carefully.

"You Mohists say that everyone is equal, so what is equality?"

"Slaves want to be equal to their masters."

"The fiefdom farmer wants to be equal to the doctor."

"Doctor Baili wants to be equal to Qianli Shangqing."

"Qianli Shangqing wants to be equal to Wanli Guojun."

"What do you Mo family advocate the art of reasoning, have you never thought that such a world would be chaotic?"

"Doctor Baili wants to be equal to Qianli Shangqing, how can he be equal?"

"If you have a fief of 100 miles, you want a thousand miles, and the fiefs are not equal, how can people be equal?"

The pursuit of equality is a major crime of the Mo family.

Not just now, but for centuries to come, equality is a sin.

Just like everything that has been instilled in him since he was a child, he may not know why people are equal, why they have to be equal, and he doesn't know how to argue that people should be equal.

But all he has embraced since he was a child is that equality is a natural concept.

At this point, however, equality is a sin.

The sin is an unforgivable sin.

One hundred and fifty years later, among the twelve sons of Han Feizi in the world, one of the crimes given to the Mo family was equality.

The so-called: "On the function, the big frugality and the difference, etc., were not enough to accommodate the different, the county monarchs and ministers; However, it persists for a reason, and its words are reasonable, enough to deceive the foolish. It's Mo Zhai's disciples. ”

Han Feizi believes that advocating utilitarianism and practicality, attaching importance to thrift and despising hierarchical differences, even does not allow the existence of differences and differences between people, and does not allow the disparity between monarchs and ministers; But they have a well-founded argument and a coherent way in their arguments, which is sufficient to deceive and deceive the ignorant people. Mo Zhai is such a person.

Among them, the Mo family has two crimes.

One is advocating utilitarianism and practicality, that is to say, Han Feizi thinks that the utilitarianism of Mohism is too strong, and criticizes Mohism for being utilitarian.

This "crime" has to be accepted by the Mo family.

Originally, this "crime" of the Mo family had to be accepted, especially the morality before joining the Mo family, and the utilitarian color was very strong.

Utilitarianism is divided into narrow and broad senses.

Utilitarianism in the narrow sense is embodied in the word "right" in the Mohist sense, which is utilitarianism in the narrow sense, which is to weigh the pros and cons, take the big benefits and promote the small benefits.

Utilitarianism in a broad sense is an ideology, which believes that human nature is to avoid suffering and seek pleasure, human behavior is governed by utilitarianism, and the pursuit of utilitarianism is the pursuit of happiness; And for society or government, the pursuit of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people is a basic function.

Why did the inkman not spin his heel for the benefit of the world? Because the morality of the Mohists at the beginning believed that making most people happy is the most meaningful thing in the world, and it is happy-eating well and dressing well, that is only a superficial enjoyment, and the truly happy thing is the kind of spiritual enjoyment-for the benefit of the world, short brown straw sandals, and death without spinning, this is the real happiness.

In other words, the Mohists wanted to be a "spiritual aristocracy", abandoning the happiness of food and clothing of external objects, and believing that spiritual happiness was the real happiness, so as to call on many people with lofty ideals to devote themselves to the great cause of benefiting the world.

This is an important reason why the Mohists were able to get hundreds of ascetic-like idealists who died for the benefit of the world before they joined the family.

I benefit the world, not only for the great benefit of the world, but also because it is my spiritual happiness to benefit the world, which is why Han Feizi thinks that the Mohists are "utilitarian".

No doctrine can be divorced from its time, and without a material basis, some doctrines simply cannot be possible.

"The pursuit of the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people" and "the pursuit of the liberation of all mankind" are seemingly similar but in fact completely different concepts, that is, Mohist is essentially an "enlightenment doctrine": Mohist pursues equality and the happiness of the majority, and emotionally feels that people in the world are unequal, but they do not delve into the origin of human inequality.

Because at this time, the biggest inequality is the inequality of blood under the real hierarchical system, although it is essentially caused by the possession of the means of production, but the Mohists did not delve into so much, so it is normal to find and solve problems, and set their eyes on the inequality under the hierarchical order.

Including the later revision of the morality of Mohistism, it was maintained on the basis of the "Enlightenment Doctrine".

The revised three meanings of Mohism are synonymology, equality, and love, but now the Mohist view of human nature, economic theory, the benefits of the majority, and the weighing of the big and small interests of the majority are actually only a variant of the Enlightenment doctrine.

Just as the Mo family is not a Taoist, but it is on the same front as the Taoist in the matter of anti-etiquette law, it also makes the Huang Laozhi school always hope to reconcile the contradiction between Confucianism and Mo after the Mojia is weak.

As for the other "crime", equality, it is even more solid.

At this time, people are not equal and rightfully so.

Everyone is equal, and Confucianism refutes the Mohists, and it is easy to put forward a rebuttal theory that is: if people are equal, then the low-level nobles want to be high-level nobles, the scholars want to be doctors, the doctors want to be the secretary, and the secretary wants to replace the monarch, isn't that a big mess in the world?

The root of this refutation lies in their belief that hierarchy cannot be non-existent, and in this way they consider a paradox: that everyone is equal under a hierarchy.

The revised Mohists want to be "hypocritical" equality, far from the point of pursuing real "material basis" equality, which makes the Mohists capable of going against the grain.

An important factor in Confucianism's opposition to Mohist equality is the paradox of "equality under the hierarchy".

Thinking that everyone is equal means that the heart of rebellion will fill the world, resulting in "The Son of Heaven can sit still, but I can't sit still?" The idea will cause chaos in the world.

This question may have been refuted by the Mohists twenty years ago, but at this time, the confessor snorted at this question and said: "Equality means that there is no hierarchy of etiquette; There is no hierarchy, and there is no distinction between the Son of Heaven, the princes, the kings, the doctors, the scholars, the peasants, and the slaves, and everyone is equal. ”

"Isn't it because the doctors are higher than the serfs and maids that they own the land? If they were to be divided into lands and belonged to the people of the world, and they were deprived of their roots as 'silverfish', then how could this happen? ”

"The doctors don't have fiefdoms, no military power, no law enforcement and administrative powers, so why do they want to make trouble?"

"What do they do? What is the root cause of the chaos and killing between doctors now? ”

"Isn't it for the land, for the fiefdom, for being able to dominate more farmers, to get more fiefs, to be a bigger 'silverfish'?"

"With the current morality of our Mo family, everyone in the world is equal, and they do not have different rights, different meals, different rituals, and different clothes because of the difference in rank and status, which means that there are no doctors, scholars, sons of heaven, or princes in this world, but only one after another people who work hard because of their own human needs."

"If you really have the heart of politics and talent, choose the Son of Heaven as the Son of Heaven and govern the world, why not?"

"If you have the heart to get rich, you will rely on thrift and funeral to cultivate the land, run industry and commerce, and obtain wealth."

"Isn't that right?"

Confucian scholars also sneered: "What you said makes sense, but isn't it reasonable for us Confucians?" ”

"If every superior has a heart of benevolence and righteousness, self-denial and revenge, and the big ones do not want to encroach on the small ones, and the small ones do not want to rebel against the big ones, then there will be no war in the world."

"If there is no war in the world, then there is no need to collect taxes that violate the law of etiquette."

"If you don't collect taxes that violate the etiquette law, then you can make the people live in the fiefdom, so that the feudal lords love their people, and the people use public land to pay taxes, and the well field system, so that the world can be stable."

"That's why I said, you Mo family is the biggest sinner in the world, you make everyone seek profit, so that the people want more."

"Princes who have the will to annex the world are guilty of inferiority."

"A doctor who has a heart of disobedience will be guilty of waiting again."

"A farmer who cultivates the land, an artisan merchant who wants more goods, is the last sin."

"I just ask you, if everyone can observe etiquette and self-denial, can the world be stable?"

"Don't say that our knowledge is wrong, because you have no way to prove that everyone in the world can't observe etiquette, besides, when the rule of civil and military affairs has been proven, it has been proved that everyone in the world can observe etiquette and not trespass."

"But there has never been a place in the world where it can be proved that a world where everyone is equal and seeks profit for needs can exist. Sishang is not the world, even if Sishang can, how do you know that the world can? ”

"As the Taoists say, if a small country has a small country and a few people, everything is according to the law of nature, so it can be achieved in a small village community, but how can it be achieved in the world?"

"You can do very well in Sishang now, how can you be sure that you can do it in the world? But after reading the history books, you can know that when the civil and military were civil, there was really such a world where everyone kept etiquette, the princes were not chaotic, the doctors ruled the family, and the people did not seek profit, which was done in the past. ”

"You have no way to prove that it is impossible for everyone to observe propriety, so there is nothing wrong with Master's teachings."

.。 m.