Wuhuan History and customs:

Wuhuan people, Bendong Hu also. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu took the liberty of destroying their country, and the rest of the Wuhuan Mountain was protected because it was a number. The vulgar are good at riding and shooting, and hunting birds and beasts are things. Grazing with aquatic grasses, living in an impermanent place. Take the dome as the house, and open to the sun in the east. Eat meat and drink cheese, and use wool as clothing. The young and the old are cheap, and their sex is congested. If you are angry, you will kill your father and brother, but you will not harm your mother in the end, and your mother will have a race, and your father and brother will have no revenge for their death. Those who are brave and healthy and able to resolve lawsuits are promoted to adults, and there is no succession of worldly industries. Each of the Yiluo has a small handsome, and hundreds of thousands of falls are their own. If the adults have a call, they will carve wood for letters, although there is no text, and the subordinates dare not violate it. The surname is impermanent, and the surname is the name of the adult who is healthy. Adults and below, each of them shall live in livestock and property, and shall not be servant to each other. His marriage is to first slightly female affection, or half a year old for 100 days, and then send cattle, horses, sheep and livestock, thinking that it is a coin. He returned home with his wife, and his wife's family had no dignity or humility, and worshiped her, not her parents. As a servant of his wife's family, he has been idle for one or two years, and his wife's family is a generous sending daughter, and all the property in his residence is done. His vulgar wife and stepmother are widowed, and their death is attributed to their deceased husband. The scheme is subordinate to the woman, but the matter of □ war is self-determination. Father and son squatted opposite each other.

Take the hair as lightweight. When the woman is married, she raises her hair, divides it into a bun, and decorates it with gold and blue, and there is a flutter in China. [4] The woman can embroider and weave the wrinkles. A man can make a bow and a saddle, and wrought gold and iron as a weapon. Its land should be covered with the eastern wall. The east wall is like fluffy grass, and it is like a straw, and it is ripe in October. See the pregnant milk of birds and beasts, and say goodbye to the four sections.

Conflict with the Han Dynasty:

In the winter of the fourth year of Emperor Shun Yangjia, Wuhuan Kou Yunzhong, covering more than 1,000 taels of merchants and cattle on the road, and Geng Ye, the general of Duliao, led more than 2,000 people to pursue, which was unfavorable, and fought in Shanan, beheading 500 levels. Wuhuan then besieged Ye in Lanchi City, so he sent 2,000 archers, 1,000 people in the Liao camp, and went to the county tun to beg Wuhuan, and Wuhuan retreated. In the fifth year of Yonghe, Wuhuan Lord Ajian, Qiang Qu and others rebelled against the left part of the Southern Xiongnu, and Zhonglang broke Zhang Tan and beheaded him, and Yu Yu surrendered. In Emperor Huan's eternal life, Shuofang Wuhuan and Xiu Tu were side by side, and Zhonglang flattened Zhang Huan. In the summer of the ninth year of Yanxi, Wuhuan Fu and Xianbei and the Southern Xiongnu * (Xianbei) * Kouyuan border nine counties, all opposed, Zhang Huan begged for it, and they all went out.

At the beginning of Emperor Ling, there were more than 9,000 people in the upper valley of Lord Wuhuan, and there were more than 9,000 people in Qiuli in western Liaoxi, who were more than 5,000 people, all of whom claimed to be kings; and Liaodong Su Fuyan, more than a thousand falls, self-proclaimed king of the cliff; Right Beiping Wuyan, more than 800 falls, self-proclaimed King Khan Lu: and bravely built and more strategies. In the fourth year of Zhongping, the former Zhongshan guarded Zhang Chunpan, entered the Qiu Li to live in the middle, called himself the king of Mitian and stability, and then became the marshal of Wuhuan in the counties, and Kou plundered the four states of Qing, Xu, You, and Hebei. For five years, with Liu Yu as the pastor of Youzhou, Yu purchased and beheaded the pure, and Beizhou was determined.

Xianbei

History & Customs

Xianbei people, also Donghu branch also, don't rely on Xianbei Mountain, so because of the number. Its language and customs are the same as those of Wuhuan. Only the marriage is the first to be held, and the spring moon is held on the Raole water, and the swallows are drunk, and then cooperated. And the beasts are different from the Chinese, wild horses, original sheep, horned cattle, with horns as bows, commonly known as horns and bows. There are also mink, pigs, and moles, and their fur is soft, so the world thinks it is a famous Qiu.

Contact with the Han Dynasty:

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, it was also broken by Maodun, and it was far away from Liaodong, and it was connected with Wuhuan, and it was not often connected to China. At the beginning of Guangwu, the Xiongnu were strong, and led Xianbei and Wuhuan Kou to the north, killing the officials, and there was no Ning Sui. Twenty-one years after the establishment of the military, Xianbei and the Xiongnu entered Liaodong, Liaodong Taishou sacrificed to break it, and it was completely captured. And the south is attached to the Han Dynasty, and the north is lonely and weak, twenty-five years, and Xianbei is the first messenger. Later, he sent troops to attack the northern captives for many years, and he was rewarded with the first rank of Liaodong. In the past 30 years, Lord Xianbei has led people such as Qiu Ben and Mantou to congratulate him, and Muyi is a subordinate. The emperor was crowned as the king and the marquis was full of heads. Shiyuyang, Chishan, Wuhuan, Xin, Zhiben and other several Kou Shanggu.

In the first year of Yongping, the sacrifice of the repetition of the bribe was biased to hit Xin Zhiben and break it, so the Xianbei adults came to attach, and Liaodong was rewarded, and Qingxu Erzhou gave 270 million yuan in money. Ming Zhang II, Pausai is fine.

Conflict with the Han Dynasty:

In the middle of Emperor Yongyuan, the general Dou Xian sent the right lieutenant Geng Kui to defeat the Xiongnu, and Beidanyu fled, so Xianbei moved to his place. There are still more than 100,000 remnants of the Huns, all of whom call themselves Xianbei, and Xianbei has gradually flourished. In nine years, Liaodong Xianbei attacked Feiru County. Taishou priest was defeated and died in prison. In the thirteenth year, Liaodong Xianbei Kou right Beiping, because of entering Yuyang, Yuyang Taishou broke it.

An Diyong junior high school, Xianbei Lord Yanyang Yique Chaohe, Empress Dowager Deng gave Yanyang Wang Yin ribbon, red car to drive, order to stop Wuhuan school captain under the city, Tonghu City, because of the construction of the north and south of the quality museum. Xianbei fell one hundred and twenty departments, each sent into the pledge. It is the rear or descending or the side, and the Xiongnu and Wuhuan are more attacked.

When Emperor Huan, Xianbei Shihuai, his father voted for Luhou, first served in the Hun army for three years, and his wife gave birth to a child at home. Throw the deer and return, and the monster wants to kill it. The wife said that he heard thunder during the day, looked up to the sky and hail into his mouth, because he swallowed it, he was born, and he gave birth in October, and this son must be strange, and it should be seen for a long time. The deer marquis didn't listen, so he did. The wife whispered to the family order to adopt Yan, named Shihuai. In the fourteenth and fourth five-year years, Yongjian has wisdom and strategy. The alien lord copied his foreign cattle and sheep, and Shi Huai rode alone to pursue it, and he was unstoppable, and he knew that he had to die of the dead, and the tribe was afraid of it. It is forbidden to cast a law, and it is straightforward, and there is no one who dares to offend, so it is pushed to be an adult. Shi Huai is standing on the water of Danhan Mountain, going to Gaoliu North for more than 300 miles, the soldiers and horses are very prosperous, and the adults in the east and west are all returning. Because of the south to copy the edge, the north refuses to Ding zero, the east is Fuyu, the west hits Wusun, according to the Xiongnu homeland, more than 4,000 miles from east to west, more than 7,000 miles from north to south, covering mountains, rivers, rivers and salt ponds.

In the autumn of the second year of Yongshou, Shi Huai will ride three or four thousand in the clouds. In the first year of Yanxi, north of Xianbei Kou. In winter, the Hun Zhonglang led Zhang Huan to lead Nandan to attack him and beheaded 200 people. In the second year, he re-entered the gate, killed hundreds of people, and plundered away. In the summer of the sixth year, more than 1,000 rode the Liaodong vassal state. In the summer of the ninth year, he rode tens of thousands of people into the nine counties on the border, and killed the marauders, so he sent Zhang Huan to attack him, and Xianbei was out of the jam. The court accumulated troubles and could not control it, so it sent an envoy to hold a seal and seal Shihuai as the king, wanting to make peace. Shi Huai refused to accept it, and Kou copied it very much. It is divided into three parts, from the east of the right Beiping to Liaodong, the east of the Fuyu and the more than 20 Yi of the Huiqian for the east, from the west of the right Beiping to the upper valley of more than 10 Yi for the middle, from the west of the upper valley to Dunhuang, Wusun more than 20 Yi for the west, each of which is led by the lord, all belong to the stone acacia.

Emperor Lingli, the border counties of the three states of You, and Liang have not been copied by Xianbei Kou for many years, and the killing is innumerable.

In the winter of the third year of Xiping, Xianbei entered the north, and the summer education rate was too guarded to slaughter each to pursue and break it. Moved to the captain of the Wuhuan school. Five years, Xianbei Kou Youzhou. In the summer of the sixth year, Xianbei Kou was on three sides. In autumn, Xia Yu said: "Xianbei Koubian, since spring, more than 30 rounds, please recruit the soldiers of the counties of Youzhou to attack it, one winter and two springs, and the birds will be destroyed." "The court did not allow it. First of all, Tian Yan, the captain of the Qiang Guard, sat on the matter and was punished, and wanted to make meritorious service to himself, so he asked Wang Fu, a regular servant, to seek to be a general, so he proposed to send troops and educate and fight against the thief. Emperor Nai Bai Yan is a general who breaks Xianbei Zhonglang. There are many different ministers, but they call hundreds of officials to discuss the court. Cai Yong, the speaker of the council, said: "The book is precepted in the summer, the ghost is easy to destroy, the Zhou has the teacher of the lynx and the barbarian, and the Han has the matter of Khotan Yan and Hanhai." (Emperor Wu made the general Yun Qing attack the Xiongnu, to Khotan Yan Mountain, and beheaded more than 10,000 people.) Make Huo go sick to fight the Huns, seal the wolf Juxu Mountain, and climb the Hanhai Sea. The reason for the special category is still unknown. However, there are similarities and differences from time to time, whether there is a possibility or not, so there are gains and losses, and there are successes and failures, and they cannot be together. ”

In the light and middle, Shi Huai died, at the age of forty-five, and Zi and Lian stood on behalf of him. He Lian's talent is not as strong as his father, and he is also counted as a copier, sexual greed, unfair law, and half of those who coddle the side. Later, he went out to attack the north, and the incorruptible crossbow shooter shot Helian, and died. His son Qian Man is young, and his brother is very strong. Later, Qianman grew up, fought with the leader, and was separated. The head of the man died, and the younger brother was rooted. Since the stone acacia, the adults have passed down from generation to generation.

Qiang

History & Customs

The foundation of Xiqiang comes from Sanmiao, and the surname Jiang is also different. Its country is close to Nanyue. and the four evils of Shunliu, the three dangers of migration, and the southwest Qiang land of Heguan is also. The shore is in the branch, to the head of the river, scratching the ground for thousands of miles. The giver of the branch, the so-called Yugong dividing the branch. It is connected to Shu and Han in the south, and to Shanshan and Cheshi in the northwest. The dwelling is impermanent, depending on the water and grass. The land is less than five grains, and the production and animal husbandry are the industry. The clan is indefinite, or the father's name and mother's surname are the caste.

After the twelfth generation, the marriage of the father, the wife and the stepmother, the brother died, the widow and the widow, the variety is prosperous. If you don't set up a monarch and a minister, you will not grow one, and if you are strong, you will be divided into chieftains, and if you are weak, you will be attached to others, and you will be violent and strong. Murder pays for death, there is no other prohibition. Its soldiers are long in the valley, shorter than the flat land, can not last, and the fruit is the touch, the death in battle is auspicious, and the end of illness is ominous. It can withstand cold and bitterness, and it is the same as that of beasts. Even if a woman gives birth, she does not take shelter from the wind and snow. The sex is strong and brave, and he has the spirit of the Western gold line

Conflict with the Great Han

In the second year of Emperor Huan's peace, Baima Qiang Kou Guanghan vassal country killed the chief official. At that time, Xiqiang and Huangzhong Hu Fuban were Kou, and Yizhou Thorn Shi led Ban Yu to break it, beheading and surrendering 200,000 people. In the first year of Yongshou, the captain Zhang Gong died, and the former Nanyang Taishou was replaced by the fifth visit to the school captain, which was very prestigious, and there was nothing to do in the west. In the second year of Yanxi, he visited and died, and Zhonglang replaced Duan Cheng as the school captain. When the time is burned, when the eight kinds of Kou Long right, the blow is broken. For four years, Zero Wufu and Xian Zero and Shangjun Shendi, prison sisters and all kinds of forces and strength, Liang and Sanfu. The meeting section sat on the matter, and Jinan Prime Minister Hu Hong was the lieutenant. Hong has no Wei Luo, Qiang Sui Lu Liang, overwhelmed the barracks, the trouble turned prosperous, and Zhonglang broke the Huangfu regulations. In five years, all kinds of Shen Di were restored to Zhangye, Jiuquan, and Huangfu, and they were all surrendered. The story has been reported. The soldiers of the counties of Hanyang, Longxi, and Jincheng broke it together, and each surrendered. In the winter, five or six thousand people such as Dian Na re-attacked Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, and burned the people's houses. In six years, Sun Qiang, the Taishou of Longxi, broke through it and beheaded and drowned more than 3,000 people. Hu Hongjian was reinstated to Duan Cheng as the school captain.

In the first year of Yongkang, Dongqiang Anwei and other threats of the same kind even Kou Sanfu, Zhonglang chased Zhang Huan and beheaded him, and the matter has been passed on. (Dongqiang, the first five or six thousand cavalry Kou Guanzhong, surrounded by Qi Zhen, swept Yunyang.) In the summer, there were no two battalions and more than 1,000 people were killed. In winter, Qiang'an tail, Moji and other threats of the same species compound banknote three auxiliaries. He sent Sima Yinduan and Dong Zhuo to attack together, broke it, beheaded its chieftain, captured more than 10,000 people, and cleared the three states. On merit, he should be sealed, and he is not a eunuch, so the reward is not good, but he will only give 200,000 yuan, except for the family. and resigned, but willing to migrate to Hongnong Huayin. The old system of people are not allowed to move inward, but because of the special listening, so the beginning of the Hongnong people. ）

When the Qiang Kou Wuwei was fried, the Qiang general Duan Cheng was destroyed, and the rest were dispersed. (In the first year of Yongkang, when all kinds of rebellion were fried, more than 4,000 people, wanting to attack Wuwei, the revenge pursued Yu Luanniao, broke it, killed its Qu Shuai, beheaded more than 3,000 levels, and Xiqiang was settled here.) ）

Emperor Ling Jianning for three years, burned as a Qiang envoy to contribute. In the first year of Zhongping, the first zero species of Qiang in the north were caused by the Yellow Turban Rebellion, which was with * (Han)** [Huang]* Zhongqiang, Yi Conghu Beigong Boyu and so on, and Kou Long right. The matter has been passed on by Dong Zhuo. (In the winter, the Beidi first Lingqiang and the Caohan River Pass rebelled, and then established Huang Zhongyi from Hu Beigong Boyu and Li Wenhou as generals, and killed the Qiang captain Ling Zheng.) Boyu and others robbed Jincheng people Bian Zhang and Han Sui, made full-time military and political officials, killed Jincheng Taishou Chen Yi, and attacked and burned Zhou County. In the spring of next year, tens of thousands of people will ride into Kou Sanfu, invade the garden mausoleum, and entrust the eunuchs in the name of Dong Zhuo Po for the emperor. In the first year of Xingping, Feng Yi surrendered to Qiang, Kou Zhuxian, Guo Yan, and Fan Chou broke it and beheaded thousands of people.

Since then, there have been one hundred and fifty kinds of descendants. Its nine species are in the west of the head of the Cizhi River, and in Shu, the north of the Han Dynasty, and the prehistory is not counted. Only the wolf is in Wudu, and there are thousands of victorious soldiers. Fifty-two of them are declining, unable to stand on their own, scattered into attachments, or extinct without a descendant, or led away. There are eighty-nine of them, and only Zhong is the strongest, winning more than 100,000 soldiers.

Xiongnu (South):

The previous book bluntly said that the Xiongnu biography, not the north and the south, now called the south, it is clear that it is the north of the righteousness. The south is particularly deep in the direction, so the one who is obedient is crowned. Dongguan Ji said that the Xiongnu Nanshan was in the biography, and Fan Ye removed the word "single Yu". The corpse of the Southern Xiongnu chased the single to compare, the grandson of the Han evil single Yu, and the son of Wuzhu Liuruo Yu. Since the call of Han evil, the sons of the second stand, to the time of the filial piety of the father of the Ji, to the right of the king of the sun, the south and the Wuhuan.

Conflict with the Han Dynasty

Yiling's corpse was separated from Juche'er, and it was established in the first year of construction. To (Emperor Heng of the Han Dynasty) in the first year of Yongshou, the Xiongnu left the Taiqi, and Qu Bode and other resides, Kou Qian Meiji, stable, the subject country Captain Zhang Huan broke the surrender.

In the first year of Yanxi, Nandan was on the side of the various departments, and then with Wuhuan and Xianbei Kou, the nine counties on the edge of the border, with Zhang Huan as the general of Beizhonglang, and the single surrendered to all the departments. Huan Yishan could not manage state affairs, but detained him, and set up the king of Zuogu Li. Emperor Huan's edict said: "The Spring and Autumn Period is upright, and the car is single-minded, what a crime to be dethroned!" His remanding to court. ”

Tu Teruo's corpse was chased only in a certain place, and it was established in the first year of Xiping. In six years, Shan Yu and Zhonglang sent Zang Min out of the gate to attack Xianbei Shihuai, and returned defeated. It is the age of the year, single in the sting, the son calls for the levy. In the first year of the call for signs, light and the first year. In the second year, Zhonglang made Zhang Xiu and Shan Yu incompatible, repaired and beheaded, and set up the right sage Wang Qiangqu as Shan Yu. Xiu was killed without first asking, and the car was recruited to apologize to the court.

Alone in the Qiang Canal, light and two years of standing. In the fourth year of Zhongping, the former Zhongshan guarded Zhang Chun and led Xianbei Koubian County. Emperor Ling sent the Southern Hun soldiers, and Liu Yu of Youzhou asked for it. Shan Yu sent the king of Zuoxian to ride in Youzhou. In five years, the right tribe and more than 100,000 people such as Hu, Baima, and copper rebelled, attacking and killing Shan Yu.

Shan Yu Qiangqu Li ten years, Zi Youxian King Yu Fuluo Li.

Hold until the corpse chases the Hou Shan in Yu Fuluo, and Zhongping is established for five years. The people of the country killed their fathers. The Marquis of the Sole Bone is single, and the Fuluo Yique sues himself. Emperor Huiling collapsed, the world was in chaos, and Shan Yu joined thousands of horsemen and white wave thieves to invade the counties of Kou Hanoi. At that time, the people were all gathered, and the money plundered was unprofitable, and the soldiers were bruised. If you want to return to the country, the people will not accept it, but stop at the east of the river. The Marquis of the Bone of Subu died in a single year, and the Southern Court took his position and used the old king to do state affairs.

Alone in Hu Chu Spring, Xingping two years old. The elder brother was expelled, and he was not allowed to return to the country, and the number was Xianbei's money. In the first year of Jian'an, Emperor Xian returned from Chang'an to the east, and the right Xian King went to serve the son of heaven with the white wave thief handsome Han Xian and other servants, and resisted Li Dao and Guo Yan. and drove back to Luoyang, migrated to Xu, and then returned to China. Twenty-one years, in the coming dynasty, Cao Cao was sent to prison because he stayed in Ye.