(The author writes all the way and doesn't look back anyway, don't look at it!Write until you forget about it, ha, ha! It's impossible to forget it all, so I have to do whatever I want and go with the flow, writing until I feel like I'm spitting snow, and I don't need to read the recent ones (of course, the author's book doesn't need to read), it's just introducing the characters in the camp.) Brush up on some of the characters yourself.

One of the Demon Rebels, the floating pot space - Spencer

Herbert and Spencer (1820-1903) were English philosophers. He is known as the "Father of Social Darwinism" and proposed a set of theories that applied the evolutionary theory of "survival of the fittest" to sociology, especially education and class struggle.

However, his writings have contributed to many topics, including normative, metaphysical, religious, political, rhetorical, biological, and psychological.

In Spencer's time, there were many famous philosophers and scientists, such as John, Stuart, and Mill, and Thomas, Henry, Huxley, Charles, and Darwin were all well-known contemporary figures.

Herbert Spencer was born in Derby, England, the son of respected educators Georgia Spencer. Coming from an educational family (both his grandfather and uncle were educators), he was encouraged to learn at a young age.

At a very young age, he was often exposed to and interested in academic textbooks and his father's journals.

At the age of 13, he was sent by his father to Sinton Chateau, a small town near Bath. There his uncle was able to provide him with a formal education. At first, because he was bored and resisted Latin and Greek lessons, he did not follow his uncle and even ran home.

Afterward. He learned from his uncle and developed his early political and economic ideas in response to his uncle's radical reform ideas.

In 1836, his uncle found him a job as a civil engineer for the railroad. Spencer's experience at work caused him to stop pursuing in the industry, and instead felt that his boss was overworking the workers.

He also noticed that he began to make up his mind to write articles at this moment. In the years following the age of 22, he continued to visit his uncle and sent political letters to radical newspapers such as The Non-Regular. This was his official start to participate in media and socio-political writing. These manuscripts were compiled into his book The Proper Limits of Government Authority.

These early writings show a liberal view of workers' rights and the responsibility of government. In Spencer's circles, he had long encouraged more rationality in the laws of nature.

In 1851, his views became more and more mature in his book "Social Statology". It emphasizes the importance of individual strength to society, but society undoubtedly tramples on it.

But it misses the compassion for the working class and the great design of God that was prevalent in his early writings. This is how Spencer began to establish a perspective on civilization, not as an artificial way of human construction, but as a natural organic product of human beings in nature.

He worked for five years as an associate editor at The Economist, a London-based financial outlet. It was not until 1853 that he left his post to devote himself to professional writing. and the following years. His writings cover education, science, the railroad industry, the population explosion, and many philosophical and sociological topics.

In 1855, Spencer's Principles of Psychology was published. It shows that the theory of mind is a biologically complementary part of the body, rather than a distant part.

In this model, human intelligence is built up slowly relative to the surrounding environment. This position on the evolution of human origins alienates conservative publishers. Putting Spencer's writings on the back burner.

When the Principles of Psychology were written. Spencer traveled to Wales and France. On the way, his health deteriorated to the point where he could not recover. It may be that he often sleeps short times due to long-term exertion, which hinders his long work. While he blamed stress and poor lung function, years of deteriorating health left him dependent on morphine and opium.

Despite the fact that tiredness is constantly increasing. Spencer continued to write. In 1858, he embarked on a major project that covered his entire evolutionary philosophy and legal progress.

He wanted to slowly increase his publication in order to maintain his livelihood for a long time, but he could no longer strengthen the relationship with any publisher by publishing regularly. Fortunately, Spencer was favored by the English intellectuals at this time, and was given a private list of his theoretical works, which financed his life and work.

Among the many intellectuals was the respected English philosopher Thomas Henry Huxley, who introduced Spencer to the X Club, "a dinner club for some of the esteemed thinkers, some of whom went on to become presidents of the Royal Society." ”

Members include: philosopher John Doyle, banker archaeologist Sir John Lubuke, Charles Darwin and many more. It was through this organization that Spencer was able to emerge at the center of scientists' circles and ensure that his comments received a powerful audience.

In 1862, Spencer published The First Principle. It is a demonstration of the theory of evolution of the fundamental norms in all areas of reality. It was the belief that underpinned his early theories.

According to his definition, evolution is a continuous process in which things are constantly improving into complex and coherent forms. This is the pinnacle of Spencer's philosophy – the definition of a coherent structure that has evolved.

In this moment, he gained international fame and high respect. His view of humanity grounded in the natural world was very influential and widely shared.

In particular, when he was interested in various sciences, he was never willing to focus on research in one field and rarely participated in scientific experiments or surveys.

This may be due to his wealth of knowledge and the fact that he rarely specialises in one subject. This made his views and writings easy to understand and welcome. He is known as "The Detailed Spencer" in Club X because of the depth of his research on the subject. But he often shifted projects, making his influence far and wide.

At the age of 60, Spencer was in very poor health. In 1882, he broke his custom of not going to church to attend Charles Darwin's funeral. In 1902, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. He devoted his life to writing. He was 83 years old.

His life's writings attracted many readers. In 1869, he was able to make a living from his writings. His books have been translated into many Chinese, such as German, Italian, Spanish, French, Russian, Japanese, and Chinese, and have received many honors in Europe and North America.

His philosophy proved useful for political conservatives, not only in the application of social class structures, but also in the notion of social justice, which emphasized individual responsibility for nature and behavior.

Spencer supports the "law of equal liberty," which is a fundamental principle of libertarism. Without infringing on the rights of others, each individual can do things according to his or her own choice.

Many U.S. High Court magistrates have relied on this principle when confronted with restrictions on government labor practices. But conservatives are not the only ones who use Spencer's theories to promote their views.

Many sociologists have used his theory to explain class warfare. Anarchists apply it to the belief in individual autonomy.

Spencer was also a great influence on literature and rhetoric. His Philosophy of Style (1852) started the trend of formalism in writing.

He pays close attention to the proper arrangement of the various parts of English sentences and establishes guidelines for effective writing. Spencer's goal is to free prose from "resistance and inertia."

The reader is not slowed down by the struggle to understand the above and the precise meaning of the sentence. In this way, the writer is able to achieve the highest communication efficiency. This became the most authoritative support of the formalists in rhetoric. (To be continued......)